Description: Thallus brownish-red and spiny, forming cushions. Branches rounded or angular, up to 2 mm in width, longitudinally grooved or ridged, with deep, broad pseudo cyphellae up to 0.6 mm long and 0.3 mm in width.
Distribution: Washington; Alaska, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado; Northern and northwestern Canadian provinces.
Habitat: Among heath in alpine and arctic habitats.
Description: Thallus olive-brown to grey-olive, lobes flattened or curled in at the sides, 1-4 mm in width, typically regularly forked with marginal pseudocyphellae; Apothecia rare, shiny red-brown, appearing on lobe tips.
Distribution: Montana east to Maine, south through Appalachia; Southernmost borders of central and eastern Canadian provinces.