Russulaceae
7 genera
116 species
5 subspecies and varieties
116 species
5 subspecies and varieties
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Index to genera:
Arcangeliella, Cystangium, Gastrolactarius, Gymnomyces, Lactarius, Macowanites, RussulaLactarius alnicola – golden milk-cap
Lactarius aspideoides – bright yellow milk-cap
Lactarius caespitosus – gray milk-cap
Lactarius deterrimus – false saffron milkcap
Lactarius fallax – velvety milk-cap
Habitat: Litter in spruce and mixed conifer forests along the coast and in the interior mountains
Habitat: Litter in spruce and mixed conifer forests along the coast and in the interior mountains
Lactarius hepaticus – liver milkcap
Lactarius occidentalis – alder milkcap
Distribution: Western Northern Hemisphere
Habitat: Occurs with alders
Distribution: Western Northern Hemisphere
Habitat: Occurs with alders
Lactarius olivaceoumbrinus – toadskin milk-cap
Lactarius pallescens – pale-capped violet-latex milk-cap
Lactarius pseudomucidus – slimy milk-cap
Distribution: Broad Western North America
Habitat: L. pseudomucidus is frequently found in coastal and mid-elevation conifer forests, and eastward at least as far as Idaho and southward into California.
Distribution: Broad Western North America
Habitat: L. pseudomucidus is frequently found in coastal and mid-elevation conifer forests, and eastward at least as far as Idaho and southward into California.
Lactarius pubescens
Habitat: In the PNW, L. plumbeus occurs frequently under planted birch trees and often persists into late fall as dry black specimens. In Europe, it is reported from birch and spruce forests and also is known as L. necator (Bulliard: Fries) P. Karsten and L. turpis (Weinmann) Fries.
Habitat: In the PNW, L. plumbeus occurs frequently under planted birch trees and often persists into late fall as dry black specimens. In Europe, it is reported from birch and spruce forests and also is known as L. necator (Bulliard: Fries) P. Karsten and L. turpis (Weinmann) Fries.
• var. betulae – bearded milk-cap, downy milk-cap, woolly milk-cap
• var. pubescens – downy milk-cap, woolly milk-cap, bearded milkcap
Lactarius resimus – yellow staining bearded milk-cap, rollrim milkcap
Lactarius rubidus – candy-cap
Lactarius rubrilacteus – bleeding milk-cap
Habitat: It occurs in a variety of habitats and seems to associate primarily with pines and Douglas-fir, especially in younger stands.
Habitat: It occurs in a variety of habitats and seems to associate primarily with pines and Douglas-fir, especially in younger stands.
Lactarius rufus – red hot milk-cap, red milk-cap, rufous milkcap
Distribution: Broad
Habitat: L. rufus commonly occurs with spruce and pine, often in abundance, for example, near the edge of bogs or in other moist areas where Sitka spruce occurs. It is very common in northern conifer forests around the world.
Distribution: Broad
Habitat: L. rufus commonly occurs with spruce and pine, often in abundance, for example, near the edge of bogs or in other moist areas where Sitka spruce occurs. It is very common in northern conifer forests around the world.
Lactarius scrobiculatus – pitted milk-cap, scrobiculate milk-cap
Distribution: Broad
Habitat: common in our conifer forests
Distribution: Broad
Habitat: common in our conifer forests
Lactarius trivialis – ordinary milk-cap
Lactarius uvidus – purple staining milk-cap
Russula aeruginea – green brittlegill, grass-green russula, tacky green russula
Russula albonigra – black and white russula, blackening russula, integrated russula
Russula americana – American russula
Russula bicolor – bicolored russula
Russula cascadensis – Cascade russula
Russula cessans – tardy brittlegill
Russula chamaeleontina – small yellow russula
Russula claroflava – yellow swamp brittlegill
Description: Cap round, bright lemon-yellow to yellow, convex to flat, slightly sticky when wet. Gills start out white and slowly turn pale ocher. the stem is white and smooth. Occasionally gills and stipe turn gray-black when bruised or become gray with age.
Habitat: wet woodlands, marshes, swamps, and bogs with birch
Substrate: moss
Description: Cap round, bright lemon-yellow to yellow, convex to flat, slightly sticky when wet. Gills start out white and slowly turn pale ocher. the stem is white and smooth. Occasionally gills and stipe turn gray-black when bruised or become gray with age.
Habitat: wet woodlands, marshes, swamps, and bogs with birch
Substrate: moss
Russula crassotunicata
Description: A mostly white fungus often found growing on well rotted wood. Its cap may be somewhat creamy or yellowish and the gills and stipe often develop brownish stains. Its most distinctive characteristic is its thick, tough, rubbery cap cuticle that often can be completely peeled away from the cap flesh. The spores are white and the taster is bitter to acrid.
Habitat: Old-growth forests
Substrate: Well rotted wood
Description: A mostly white fungus often found growing on well rotted wood. Its cap may be somewhat creamy or yellowish and the gills and stipe often develop brownish stains. Its most distinctive characteristic is its thick, tough, rubbery cap cuticle that often can be completely peeled away from the cap flesh. The spores are white and the taster is bitter to acrid.
Habitat: Old-growth forests
Substrate: Well rotted wood
Russula cremoricolor – creamy russula
Russula crenulata
Distribution: Broad
Habitat: All variety of forests with both conifers and hardwoods
Distribution: Broad
Habitat: All variety of forests with both conifers and hardwoods
Russula cyanoxantha – Charcoal Burner
Description: Has been referred to as \'the Chameleon\' due to its large palette of colors including dull violets, purples, and gray-greens.
Habitat: woodland
Description: Has been referred to as \'the Chameleon\' due to its large palette of colors including dull violets, purples, and gray-greens.
Habitat: woodland
Russula decolorans – copper brittlegill, graying russula
Description: Cap is copper-orange to dull orange to reddish brown. The gills are white to pale ocher. The stipe is white and smooth and all parts discolor gray to black when handled or cut.
Habitat: woodland; northern and montane conifer forests
Description: Cap is copper-orange to dull orange to reddish brown. The gills are white to pale ocher. The stipe is white and smooth and all parts discolor gray to black when handled or cut.
Habitat: woodland; northern and montane conifer forests
Russula densifolia – crowded brittlegill, reddening russula
Russula dissimulans – red and black russula
Russula emetica – emetic russula, the sickener
Description: Cap is scarlet to cherry-red and the top layer peels easily. Gills are white. Stipe is white as well and smooth to finely and irregularly ridged.
Habitat: damp or wet woodlands, with conifers in particular
Description: Cap is scarlet to cherry-red and the top layer peels easily. Gills are white. Stipe is white as well and smooth to finely and irregularly ridged.
Habitat: damp or wet woodlands, with conifers in particular
Russula flaviceps – yellow cap russula
Russula foetens – stinking brittlegill
Russula fragilis – fragile brittlegill, fragile russula
Description: Small to small-medium species with very fragile flesh that becomes water-soaked very quickly. The cap color is generally a mix of watery purple, pink, and olivaceous green on a whitish to grayish background, and the cap edge is translucent-striate. The spores are white, the odor mild or pleasantly fruity, and the taste very acrid. It occurs singly or in small groups, often on or near well rotted wood.
Distribution: Broad
Habitat: Near or well-rotted wood
Description: Small to small-medium species with very fragile flesh that becomes water-soaked very quickly. The cap color is generally a mix of watery purple, pink, and olivaceous green on a whitish to grayish background, and the cap edge is translucent-striate. The spores are white, the odor mild or pleasantly fruity, and the taste very acrid. It occurs singly or in small groups, often on or near well rotted wood.
Distribution: Broad
Habitat: Near or well-rotted wood
Russula grisea – grey russula
Russula heterophylla – greasy green brittlegill
Russula laurocerasi – almond-scented russula
Description: One of the larger russulas. It has a viscid yellowish brown cap with a grooved margin, whitish to brown-stained stipe, and strong, but generally pleasant, odor of almond extract or maraschino cherries. The spores are cream to pale yellow and the taste is very acrid.
Distribution: Western
Description: One of the larger russulas. It has a viscid yellowish brown cap with a grooved margin, whitish to brown-stained stipe, and strong, but generally pleasant, odor of almond extract or maraschino cherries. The spores are cream to pale yellow and the taste is very acrid.
Distribution: Western
Russula lilacea – lilac brittlegill
Russula nigricans – blackening brittlegill, blackening russula
Description: a large, hard mushroom, with brownish or blackish brown cap and flesh that turns red when bruised; it blackens almost completely in age. The spores are white and the taste is mild to slightly acrid.
Distribution: Broad Widespread in Northern Hemisphere
Habitat: woodlands
Description: a large, hard mushroom, with brownish or blackish brown cap and flesh that turns red when bruised; it blackens almost completely in age. The spores are white and the taste is mild to slightly acrid.
Distribution: Broad Widespread in Northern Hemisphere
Habitat: woodlands
Russula occidentalis – western russula
Description: It is a medium-sized or larger mushroom, with a variably colored cap---usually it is purplish with a yellow-green center, but it can appear in many shades of purplish, olive-green, and browns, usually in mixtures. The gills are cream to pale yellowish and the stipe is white and often turns grayish in age or when handled, sometimes with a reddish phase. The flesh is white and turns reddish to grayish to black when exposed. The spores are cream-colored.
Distribution: Broad, common
Habitat: Conifer forests
Description: It is a medium-sized or larger mushroom, with a variably colored cap---usually it is purplish with a yellow-green center, but it can appear in many shades of purplish, olive-green, and browns, usually in mixtures. The gills are cream to pale yellowish and the stipe is white and often turns grayish in age or when handled, sometimes with a reddish phase. The flesh is white and turns reddish to grayish to black when exposed. The spores are cream-colored.
Distribution: Broad, common
Habitat: Conifer forests
Russula olivacea – olive brittlegill, rainbow Russula, tan-colored Russula
Russula parazurea – powdery brittlegill, blue Russula
Russula pelargonia – Pelargonium brittlegill
Russula placita – pleasing Russula
Russula sanguinaria – bloody brittlegill, rosy Russula
Russula stuntzii
Distribution: Coastal Pacific Coast, from British Columbia to California
Habitat: Conifer forests, on or near rotting wood
Distribution: Coastal Pacific Coast, from British Columbia to California
Habitat: Conifer forests, on or near rotting wood
Russula xerampelina – crab brittlegill, shrimp mushroom, shrimp Russula
Distribution: Broad
Habitat: Variety of forest types
Distribution: Broad
Habitat: Variety of forest types
