Poaceae - Burke Herbarium Image Collection

Burke Herbarium Image Collection

Vascular Plants, Macrofungi, & Lichenized Fungi of Washington

Vascular Plants » Monocots » Poaceae :

Poaceae

Grass Family

Synonyms:

Gramineae [HC]

102 genera
328 species
106 subspecies and varieties

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Index to genera:

Achnatherum, Aegilops, Agropogon, Agropyron, Agrostis, Aira, Alopecurus, Ammophila, Anthoxanthum, Apera, Aristida, Arrhenatherum, Avena, Beckmannia, Brachypodium, Briza, Bromus, Calamagrostis, Calamovilfa, Cenchrus, Cinna, Coix, Coleanthus, Cortaderia, Corynephorus, Crypsis, Cynodon, Cynosurus, Dactylis, Danthonia, Deschampsia, Dichanthelium, Digitaria, Diplachne, Distichlis, Echinochloa, Eleusine, Elyhordeum, Elyleymus, Elymus, Eragrostis, Eremopyrum, Festuca, Glyceria, Graphephorum, Hesperostipa, Hierochloe, Holcus, Hordeum, Koeleria, Leersia, Leymus, Lolium, Melica, Miscanthus, Molinia, Muhlenbergia, Nassella, Oryzopsis, Panicum, Parapholis, Pascopyrum, Paspalum, Pennisetum, Phalaris, Phleum, Phragmites, Piptatheropsis, Pleuropogon, Poa, Podagrostis, Polypogon, Psathyrostachys, Pseudelymus, Pseudoroegneria, Pseudosasa, Puccinellia, Redfieldia, Sasa, Schedonorus, Schizachyrium, Sclerochloa, Scleropoa, Scribneria, Secale, Setaria, Sorghum, Spartina, Sphenopholis, Sporobolus, Taeniatherum, Thinopyrum, Torreyochloa, Tripidium, Triplasis, Trisetum, Triticum, Vahlodea, Ventenata, Vulpia, Zea, Zizania

Achnatherum hendersonii – Henderson's needlegrass
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Douglas, Kittitas, and Yakima counties; central Washington to Jefferson County, Oregon.
Habitat: Dry, rocky, shallow soil, in sagebrush desert or ponderosa pine forest openings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Achnatherum hymenoides – Indian ricegrass
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Great Plains.
Habitat: Grasslands, desert plains, and foothills, especially on rocky or sandy soil.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Achnatherum lemmonii – Lemmon's needlegrass
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Grassy balds, prairies, sagebrush grasslands, and ponderosa pine forest, from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. lemmonii

Achnatherum nelsonii – Nelson's needlegrass
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east to the northern Great Plains and Colorado.
Habitat: Moist to mesic, montane to subalpine meadows and open forest.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. dorei – Nelson's needlegrass

• ssp. nelsonii – Nelson's needlegrass

Achnatherum occidentale – common western needlegrass
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. californicum – California needlegrass

• ssp. pubescens – western needlegrass

Achnatherum richardsonii – Richardson's rice grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Achnatherum thurberianum – Thurber's rice grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: Late May - June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Aegilops cylindrica – jointed goat grass
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of the United States to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Waste ground and roadsides; a troublesome weed in wheat.
Origin: Introduced from southern Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual

×Agropogon lutosus – perennial beardgrass
Origin: Introduced

Agropyron cristatum – crested wheatgrass
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Dry, open areas where distiurbed; frequently planted for soil stabilization and forage.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Agropyron fragile – Siberian wheatgrass
Origin: Introduced

Agrostis capillaris – colonial bentgrass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Open, disturbed areas often at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Agrostis castellana – Highland bentgrass, dryland browntop
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington: southwestern British Columbia to Oregon.
Habitat: Disturbed sites, roadsides, and gravel bars.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Agrostis densiflora – California bentgrass
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in western Washington along the outer coast; coastal Washington to California.
Habitat: Coastal bluffs.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Agrostis exarata – spiked bentgrass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Alberta, Nebraska and Texas.
Habitat: Moist areas, from near sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Agrostis gigantea – black bentgrass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed sites, roadsides, edge of agricultural fields, mostly at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Agrostis idahoensis – Idaho bentgrass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Subalpine and alpine meadows, along wet seepage areas, bogs, and wet openings in coniferous forests.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Agrostis mertensii – Merten's bentgrass, northern bentgrass
Distribution: Occurring in the Cascades Range in Washington; Alaska to northern Washington; circumboreal.
Habitat: Rocky alpine meadows and ridgelines.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Agrostis microphylla – small-leaf bentgrass
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Seasonally wet areas on thin, rocky or sandy substrates, vernal pools, cliffs, and serpentine areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual

Agrostis ×murbeckii
Origin: Introduced

Agrostis oregonensis – Oregon bentgrass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Nevada.
Habitat: Stream and lake margins, damp woodlands and meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Agrostis pallens – seashore bentgrass
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to western Montana and Utah.
Habitat: Coastal sands and cliffs, meadows, open, dry lowlands to subalpine forest.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Agrostis scabra – rough bentgrass
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed sites in grassl, open forest, marshes, and lakesides, often along roads and ditches.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Agrostis stolonifera – spreading bentgrass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Wet, disturbed areas that include streambanks, flooded fields, and ditches at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Agrostis variabilis – alpine bentgrass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Wet subalpine and alpine seeps and meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Aira caryophyllea – silver hairgrass
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington and east in the Columbia River Gorge; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Wyoming, also in the southeastern U.S. and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Balds, prairies, meadows, forest openings, roadsides, wastelots, and other open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced Eurasia and North Africa
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Annual

• var. caryophyllea – silver hairgrass

Aira elegans – delicate hairgrass
Origin: Introduced

Aira praecox – early silver-hair grass
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California; Nova Scotia south to Virginia in eastern North America.
Habitat: Gravelly prairies, sea bluffs and dunes near the coast, also in other disturbed, open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: April-September
Growth Duration: Annual

Alopecurus aequalis – little foxtail, short-awn foxtail
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Shores, riverbanks, vernal pools, sloughs, wet meadows, and seeps, often submersed.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. aequalis

Alopecurus arundinaceus – creeping meadow-foxtail
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central British Columbia to Washington, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains; also in scattered locations in eastern North America.
Habitat: Alkaline meadows and shores, ditches, shores.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Alopecurus carolinianus – tufted meadow-foxtail
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Shores, wet meadows, vernal pools, ditches.
Origin: Introduced from central North America?
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Alopecurus geniculatus – water fescue
Distribution: Distributed on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the Atlantic Coast in Canada.
Habitat: Wet places, often in standing water.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Alopecurus myosuroides – slender meadow-foxtail
Distribution: Introduced in many parts of North America; occasional in Washington and Oregon.
Habitat: Wet places.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Annual

Alopecurus pratensis – field meadow-foxtail
Distribution: Alaska to Newfoundland, south to Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Missouri, and New Jersey. Found on both sides of the Cascades in WA.
Habitat: Swampy areas in meadows, in irrigated fields, and along roadsides.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Alopecurus saccatus – Pacific meadow-foxtail
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington and southwestern Oregon to California.
Habitat: Lowland vernal pools, shores, wet scabland, meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual

Ammophila arenaria – European beachgrass
Distribution: Introduced along the Pacific coast from southeast Washington the California.
Habitat: Sandy beaches and dunes.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June-August

• ssp. arenaria – European beach grass

Ammophila breviligulata – American beachgrass
Origin: Introduced

• ssp. breviligulata – American beachgrass

Anthoxanthum aristatum – annual vernalgrass
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California; eastern half of North America.
Habitat: Meadows, grasslands, forest openings, and other disturbed, open areas at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual

• ssp. aristatum – small sweet vernal grass

Anthoxanthum odoratum – sweet vernalgrass
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, southern Great Plains, and eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, prairies, balds, lawns, and other disturbed open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Apera interrupta – dense silky-bent
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains; also in the central U.S., Great Lakes region, and northeastern U.S.
Habitat: Dry wasteland and other disturbed areas in shrub-steppe and open coniferous forests.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Aristida purpurea – threeawn
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to central Canada and the central U.S.
Habitat: Desert plains and grasslands, into the foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - July
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial

• var. longiseta – red threeawn

Arrhenatherum elatius – tall oatgrass
Distribution: Introduced more commonly west of the Cascades, British Columbia south to California, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Meadows and pastures.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. bulbosum – bulbous oatgrass

• ssp. elatius – bulbous oatgrass

Avena barbata – barbed oat
Distribution: Introduced and common in southwest United States; occasional in Washington and western Oregon.
Habitat: Roadsides and waste land.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May - June
Growth Duration: Annual

Avena fatua – wild oat
Distribution: Common introduction in most of western North America.
Habitat: A weed in grain fields, roadsides and waste ground.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May - September
Growth Duration: Annual

Avena sativa – oat
Distribution: Commonly cultivated throught the United States and Canada, occasionally escaping but usually not persisting.
Habitat: Roadsides and field margins.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Annual

Beckmannia syzigachne – American slough grass
Distribution: Alaska to California, east from the coast to Manitoba and the Great Lakes region
Habitat: Pond margins, marshes and ditches at low elevations
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - July
Growth Duration: Annual

Brachypodium sylvaticum – false brome
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; British Columbia to California; also in Virginia.
Habitat: Roadsides and other disturbed, open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual

• ssp. sylvaticum – false brome

Briza maxima – big quakinggrass
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May - June
Growth Duration: Annual

Briza minor – little quaking grass
Distribution: Well established in Eastern North America; occasional on the West coast.
Habitat: Dry waste areas.
Origin: Introduced from the Mediterranean region
Flowers: May - June
Growth Duration: Annual

Bromus arenarius – Australian brome
Origin: Introduced

Bromus briziformis – rattlesnake brome
Distribution: Southern British Columbia south to California, east to Idaho and Montana; occasional in eastern United States.
Habitat: Waste ground, roadsides, and overgrazed areas.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: Late May - July
Growth Duration: Annual

Bromus ciliatus – fringed brome
Origin: Native
Flowers: July - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Bromus commutatus – meadow brome
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Waste ground, meadows, roadsides.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual

Bromus diandrus – great brome, ripgut brome, ripgut grass
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, southern Great Plains, and in eastern North America.
Habitat: Grassy balds, prairies, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual

Bromus hordeaceus – soft chess
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Baja California, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Prairies, bluffs, grasslands, waste ground, roadsides, dry hillsides, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Bromus inermis – smooth brome
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, meadows, parks, and other disturbed open areas; often planted for hay and soil stabilization.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Bromus japonicus – Japanese brome
Distribution: East of the Cascades, southern British Columbia to California, east across Canada and most of eastern United States.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert and grasslands to lower mountain forests; often a weed of roadsides and waste land.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Annual

Bromus orcuttianus – chinook brome
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern Washington to California, east to Nevada and Arizona.
Habitat: Dry hillsides, rocky slopes, montane meadows, and open coniferous forests.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Bromus pacificus – Pacific brome
Distribution: West of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska south to Oregon.
Habitat: Meadows and forest openingsat low elevations, often near or along the coast.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Bromus pumpellianus – pumpelly brome
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Stream banks, lake shores, sand dunes, meadows, grassy slopes, and roadsides
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. pumpellianus – arctic brome

Bromus racemosus – bald brome
Origin: Introduced
Growth Duration: Annual

Bromus rubens – fox-tail brome
Distribution: Chiefly east of the Cascades in Washington; central Washington south to California, east to Idaho, Utah and Arizona.
Habitat: Common weed on overgrazed land, waste areas.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual

Bromus secalinus – rye brome
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Disturbed, open ground.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Bromus sitchensis – Alaska brome, Sitka brome
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Great Plains
Habitat: Dry to moist open areas from lowlands to subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. aleutensis – Aleut brome

• var. carinatus – California brome

• var. marginatus – large mountain brome

• var. polyanthus – smooth brome

• var. sitchensis – Sitka brome

Bromus squarrosus – corn brome
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east in scattered locations to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Open, disturbed areas including fields, meadows, and forest openings.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Bromus sterilis – poverty brome
Distribution: Southern British Columbia south to California, and in the Rocky Mountains and eastern United States.
Habitat: Roadsides and waste places.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May - July
Growth Duration: Annual

Bromus suksdorfii – Suksdorf's brome
Origin: Native
Flowers: July - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Bromus tectorum – soft brome, cheatgrass, cheat grass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Baja California, Mexico, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert, grasslands, prairies, meadows, balds, roadsides, wastelots, and other distrubed open areas from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: Annual

Bromus vulgaris – Columbian brome
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south along the coast to northern California, east to Alberta, Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Shaded to open woods or moist to dry banks, from near sea level to mountain meadows and dry, rocky slopes at 6000' elevation.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Calamagrostis canadensis – bluejoint reedgrass
Distribution: Alaska to Quebec, south through the United States except for the Deep South
Habitat: Wet places, sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Flowers: Late June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. canadensis – bluejoint reedgrass

• var. langsdorffii

Calamagrostis howellii – Howell's reedgrass
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - Early July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Calamagrostis nutkaensis – Nootka reedgrass
Habitat: In coastal areas in wetlands, forest openings, salt- and freshwater beaches and dunes, and cliffs.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Calamagrostis purpurascens – purple reedgrass
Origin: Native
Flowers: Late June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Calamagrostis rubescens – pinegrass
Distribution: British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Montana and Colorado
Habitat: Dry to moist areas, open sagebrush flats to timbered slopes, moderate to mid-elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Flowers: Late June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Calamagrostis stricta – slimstem reedgrass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Wetlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. inexpansa – narrow-spiked reedgrass

• ssp. stricta – narrow-spiked reedgrass

Calamagrostis tacomensis – Rainier reedgrass
Distribution: Endemic to the Olympic Mountains and Cascade Range in Washington.
Habitat: Montane to alpine meadows, seeps, and rocky slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Calamagrostis tweedyi – Cascade reedgrass
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in central Washington; central Washington to southern Oregon, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Moist meadows and subalpine slopes, usually in forest edge or understory.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Calamovilfa gigantea
Origin: Introduced

Calamovilfa longifolia – prairie sandreed
Origin: Introduced

• var. longifolia – prairie sandgrass sandreed, prairie sandreed

Cenchrus longispinus – longspine sandbur, mat sandbur
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Mexico, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Sandy river banks and other disturbed, seasonally moist areas.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual

Cinna latifolia – slender wood-reed
Distribution: Alaska to Newfoundland, south on both sides of the Cascades, Washington to California, east to Colorado; also Minnesota to Maine, south to Tennessee
Habitat: Moist woods and meadows, sea level to subalpine
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Coix lacryma-jobi – Job's-tears
Origin: Introduced from tropical Asia

Coleanthus subtilis – moss grass
Origin: Native?
Flowers: July - October
Growth Duration: Annual

Cortaderia jubata – purple pampas grass
Distribution: Occurring in lowland western Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Disturbed, open areas at low elevation
Origin: Introduced from northern South America
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Cortaderia selloana – pampas grass
Distribution: Occurring in several counties west of the Cascades crest; Washington to California, in scattered states eastward to Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed, open soil of wastelots, abandoned fields, and roadsides at low elevations, often near coast.
Origin: Introduced from central South America
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Corynephorus canescens – gray club-awn grass
Origin: Introduced
Growth Duration: Annual

Crypsis alopecuroides – foxtail pricklegrass
Distribution: Occurring in the south-central areas of Washington;
Habitat: Sandy soils around drying lake margins and other seasonally moist, disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from n. Africa and Eurasia
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Crypsis vaginiflora – modest pricklegrass
Origin: Introduced from the western Mediterranean

Cynodon dactylon – bermuda grass
Distribution: Common in the warmer portion of the United States, California to Florida; occasional in the Pacific Northwet.
Habitat: A weed of lawns, partures and railroad tracks.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June - September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Cynosurus cristatus – crested dogtail
Distribution: Introduced in scattered locations west of the Cascades in Washington and Oregon, and in California and Idaho.
Habitat: Waste places, old meadows, roadsides.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Cynosurus echinatus – bristly dog's-tail grass
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Weed of waste places.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May - July
Growth Duration: Annual

Dactylis glomerata – orchard grass
Distribution: Distributed widely throughout Washington; distributed widely throughout North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas such as meadows, fields, roadsides, and forest edges; common forage plant; also planted in logged areas in the mountains.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Danthonia californica – California oatgrass
Distribution: British Columbia south on both sides of the Cascades to California, east to Montana and New Mexico.
Habitat: Open, grassy meadows to rocky ridges, from coastal prairies to mid-elevations in the mountains, often with ponderosa pine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Danthonia decumbens – common heath-grass, mountain heath-grass
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southwestern Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California; also in northeastern Canada.
Habitat: Marshy margins, dunes, dry meadows, damp, disturbed ground.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Danthonia intermedia – timber oatgrass
Origin: Native
Flowers: July - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Danthonia spicata – poverty oatgrass
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south on both sides of the Cascades to Oregon, east to Newfoundland and eastern United States.
Habitat: Sandy to rocky soil in dry woods and fairly dry meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Danthonia unispicata – few-flower oatgrass, one-spike oatgrass
Distribution: British Columbia south on both sides of the Cascades to California, east to Alberta and Colorado.
Habitat: Dry to occasionally moist prairies, foothills, and open parks and ridges in mountain forests.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Deschampsia cespitosa – tufted hairgrass
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and eastern North America.
Habitat: From coastal marshes and moist prairies to alpine ridges, talus slopes, mountain meadows, and moist areas in the mountains in general.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Deschampsia danthonioides – annual hair-grass
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the the Rocky Mountains; apparently introduced in Alaska, Yukon Territory, Arizona, New Mexico, and the eastern U.S.; disjunct in Chile and Argentina.
Habitat: Mesic to damp open slopes, ledges, vernal pools, scablands, stream banks, and roadsides.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Deschampsia elongata – slender hair-grass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moist sandy or gravelly banks and slopes, and borders of streams and lakes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Dichanthelium acuminatum – hairy perennial panicgrass
Distribution: Southern British Columbia south along the coast to California; east of the Cascades mainly along water courses or around springs in the mountains, east to Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Rocky or sandy river banks or lake margins to open woods, marshy areas or dry prairies, from sea level to high elevation in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. fasciculatum – hairy panicgrass

Dichanthelium oligosanthes – Scribner's perennial panicgrass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south on both sides of the Cascades to northern California, east to Idaho, Montana and Utah, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Dry prairies or rocky areas to sandy stream banks.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. scribnerianum – Scribner's panicgrass witchgrass

Digitaria ischaemum – smooth crabgrass
Distribution: Most of southern Canada, and all of the United States except the extreme southeast and southwest.
Habitat: Lawns, roadsides and wastland, usually where moist.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: July - September
Growth Duration: Annual

Digitaria sanguinalis – hairy crabgrass
Distribution: A weed in most of the United States.
Habitat: Lawns, gardens, and wasteland.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: July - October
Growth Duration: Annual

Diplachne fusca – clustered salt-grassprangletop, loose-flowered sprangletop
Distribution: Occurring in a few scattered locations chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: August-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial

• ssp. fascicularis – bearded sprangletop

Distichlis spicata – alkaline grass, coastal salt grass
Distribution: Vancouver Island, British Columbia, south to California; also along the east coast of the United States from Canada to Florida and Texas.
Habitat: Coastal beaches and salt marshes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Echinochloa colona – awnless barnyard grass, or jungle-rice
Origin: Introduced from the tropics
Growth Duration: Annual

Echinochloa crus-galli – barnyard grass, or large barnyard grass
Distribution: Found throughout southern Canada and most of the United States.
Habitat: Cultivted fields and wasteland, usually where moist, especially along irrigation ditches.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June - October
Growth Duration: Annual

Echinochloa crus-pavonis – guleaf barnyard-grass
Origin: Introduced

• var. crus-pavonis – gulf barnyard grass

Echinochloa muricata – American barnyard-grass
Origin: Native?
Growth Duration: Annual

• var. microstachya – American barnyard grass, or watergrass

Eleusine indica – goosegrass
Distribution: Uncommon weed in western Oregon; more common in California and eastern United States.
Habitat: Waste ground and roadsides.
Origin: Introduced from Africa
Flowers: July - August
Growth Duration: Annual

Eleusine tristachya
Origin: Introduced

×Elyhordeum macounii
Origin: Native

×Elyhordeum stebbinsianum
Origin: Native

×Elyleymus aristatus
Origin: Native

Elymus albicans – Montana wild rye
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Elymus canadensis – Canadian wild rye
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Quebec, North Carolina and Texas
Habitat: Streambanks and thickets on sandy, dry to moist soil, and in disturbed areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. canadensis – Canadian wild rye, nodding wild rye

Elymus curvatus – beardless wild rye, awnless wildrye
Origin: Native

Elymus elymoides – bottlebrush, squirreltail
Distribution: British Columbia south to southern California, east to Alberta and Texas.
Habitat: Dry and rocky to moist habitats, from along the coast to inland desert plains and prairies, and in the mountains to above tree line.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. brevifolius – longleaf squirreltail

• ssp. elymoides – bottlebrush squirreltail, California squirreltail

• ssp. hordeoides – bottlebrush squirreltail

Elymus glaucus – blue wild-rye
Distribution: Southern Alaska south to California, east to Ontario and Indiana.
Habitat: Prairies, open woods, and dry to moist hillsides, from the lowlands to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. glaucus – blue wildrye

• ssp. virescens – blue wildrye

Elymus ×hansenii
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Elymus hirsutus – boreal wild rye
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Elymus lanceolatus
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. lanceolatus – thick-spiked wheatgrass

• ssp. psammophilus – sand-dune wheatgrass

• ssp. riparius – stream bank wheatgrass

Elymus multisetus – big squirreltail
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Elymus ×pseudorepens – false quackgrass
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Elymus repens – creeping wild rye
Distribution: Native to Eurasia; Alaska to Greenland and south to California, Texas, and North Carolina.
Habitat: Disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Elymus scribneri – Scribner's wild rye
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Elymus trachycaulus – slender wheatgrass
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. trachycaulus – bearded wheatgrass

Elymus violaceus – arctic wheatgrass, bearded wheatgrass
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Elymus wawawaiensis – wawawai wild rye
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Eragrostis cilianensis – stinkgrass
Distribution: Central Washington south ot California, east to Maine.
Habitat: Disturbed areas and waste land, and along streams and pond margins.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June - October
Growth Duration: Annual

Eragrostis curvula – weeping lovegrass
Distribution: In scattered locations across Washington; occurring from West to East Coast of U.S., typically in the southern half of the country.
Habitat: Distrubed areas where open and forest edge.
Origin: Introduced from southern Africa
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Eragrostis hypnoides – teal love grass
Distribution: In Washington, chiefly west of the Cascades, and along the Columbia and Snake Rivers; widespread in central and eastern United States.
Habitat: Mud flats along streams, ponds and lakes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - September
Growth Duration: Annual

Eragrostis lutescens – six-weeks love grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: July - October
Growth Duration: Annual

Eragrostis mexicana – Mexican lovegrass
Origin: Introduced
Growth Duration: Annual

• ssp. virescens – Mexican lovegrass, orcutt's lovegrass

Eragrostis minor – little lovegrass
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Growth Duration: Annual

Eragrostis pectinacea – tufted lovegrass
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - September
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial

• var. pectinacea – purple eragrostis, tufted eragrostis

Eragrostis pilosa – India lovegrass
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: October
Growth Duration: Annual

• var. pilosa – India lovegrass

Eremopyrum triticeum – annual false wheatgrass
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Arizona, east to the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains.
Habitat: Dry wasteland, disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Festuca brachyphylla – alpine fescue
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. brachyphylla – alpine fescue

• ssp. coloradensis

Festuca californica ssp. californica
Origin: Native

Festuca campestris – prairie fescue
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Festuca filiformis – fine-leaf sheep fescue
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Festuca idahoensis – bluebunch fescue, Idaho fescue
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Grasslands and sagebrush desert to dry mountain slopes, occasionally to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Festuca occidentalis – western fescue
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to southwestern Alberta and Wyoming; disjunct in the Great Lakes area.
Habitat: Forest understory, edges, and openings to rocky slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Festuca ovina – sheep fescue
Origin: Introduced
Growth Duration: Perennial

Festuca roemeri – Roemer's fescue
Distribution: Chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California.
Habitat: Meadows, grasslands, balds and forest openings mostly at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. roemeri

Festuca rubra – red fescue
Origin: Both native and introduced
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. arenaria

• ssp. juncea – rock fescue

• ssp. mediana – dune red fescue

• ssp. rubra – red fescue

Festuca saximontana – Rocky Mountain fescue
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America, also in Far East Russia.
Habitat: Montane and subalpine meadows and open forest.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. purpusiana – Rocky Mountain fescue

• var. saximontana

Festuca subulata – bearded fescue
Origin: Native
Flowers: Late May - Early June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Festuca subuliflora – crinkle-awn fescue
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Shady sites in dry to moist, lowland to montane forest.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Festuca trachyphylla – hard fescue
Origin: Introduced
Growth Duration: Perennial

Festuca valesiaca – Valais fescue
Origin: Introduced

Festuca viridula – green-leaf fescue
Distribution: British Colubia south to California, east to Alberta and Montana.
Habitat: Subalpine slopes, rock slides, and meadows to well above timberline.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Festuca washingtonica – Washington fescue
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Southern British Columbia Washington.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Glyceria borealis – small floating manna grass
Distribution: Alaska east to Newfoundland, south to California and New Mexico.
Habitat: Swamps, wet meadows, and stream margins, often growing in 1-3 feet of water.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Glyceria canadensis – Canada mannagrass, rattlesnake mannagrass
Origin: Introduced

• var. canadensis – rattlesnake manna grass

Glyceria declinata – low glyceria
Origin: Introduced

Glyceria elata – tall mannagrass
Distribution: British Columbia south on both sides of the Cascades to California, east to Montana and New Mexico.
Habitat: Lake margins, stream banks, moist mountain meadows and other wet areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Glyceria fluitans – water mannagrass
Origin: Introduced

Glyceria grandis – American mannagrass
Distribution: Alaska south to Oregon, chiefly east of the Cascades; east to northeast United States and south to Virginia and New Mexico.
Habitat: Sloughs, damp meadows and stream borders.
Origin: Native
Flowers: Late June - Early August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. grandis – reed mannagrass

Glyceria leptostachya – slender-spike manna grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Glyceria maxima – tall mannagrass
Origin: Introduced

Glyceria ×occidentalis – northwestern manna grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Glyceria striata – fowl manna grass
Distribution: Alaska south to northern California, east to Newfoundland and Florida.
Habitat: Wet places, bogs, and mountain meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Graphephorum wolfii – beardless false oat
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Hesperostipa comata – needle-and-thread
Distribution: British Columbia south on the east side of the Cascades to California, east to Ontario and Texas.
Habitat: Plains and prairies to forested areas in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. comata – needle and thread

• ssp. intermedia – Tweedy's needlegrass

Hierochloe occidentalis – California sweet grass, California sweetgrass
Origin: Native

Hierochloe odorata – hairy sweetgrass, vanillagrass
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations across Washington; Alaska south to Washington, east across the northern half of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Wet meadows and marshes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Holcus lanatus – common velvet grass
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Alaska to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Balds, prairies, roadsides, meadows, lawns, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Holcus mollis – creeping softgrass, creeping velvet-grass
Origin: Introduced

• ssp. mollis – creeping velvet grass

Hordeum brachyantherum – meadow barley
Distribution: Alaska south to California, east to Montana and Colorado.
Habitat: Ocean beaches to mountain meadows,usually where moist, but also from dry sagebrush desert to rocky ridges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. brachyantherum – meadow barley

Hordeum depressum – dwarf barley
Distribution: Introduced from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, south on both sides of the Cascades to southern California, east to western Idaho.
Habitat: A weed of waste areas, especially where moist.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April - June
Growth Duration: Annual

Hordeum jubatum – foxtail barley
Distribution: Alaska south on both sides of the Cascades to California, east across Canada to the Atlantic Coast, south to Mexico.
Habitat: Common weed of dry to moist soil, from sagebrush desert to grasslands and mountain forests, often abundent in disturbed areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. jubatum – foxtail barley

Hordeum marinum – Mediterranean barley
Origin: Introduced
Growth Duration: Annual

• ssp. gussoneanum – Mediterranean barley

Hordeum murinum – mouse barley, smooth barley, wall barley
Distribution: Uncommon weed in the United States, occasional in southern British Columbia and western Washington.
Habitat: Disturbed soil and wasteland.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June - July
Growth Duration: Annual

• ssp. glaucum – mouse barley

• ssp. leporinum – mouse barley

• ssp. murinum – mouse barley

Hordeum pusillum – little barley
Distribution: Eastern Washington south to southern California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Grasslands to desert areas, often on saline soils and wasteland.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April - June
Growth Duration: Annual

Hordeum vulgare – barley
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Old fields, wasteland, roadsides, and other disturbed areas where escaped from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual

• ssp. vulgare – common barley

Koeleria macrantha – Koeler's prairie grass, prairie Junegrass
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to northern Mexico, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast except in the southeastern U.S.
Habitat: Sagebrush deserts, prairies, and open forests to subalpine ridges, mostly on sandy to rocky soil.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Leersia oryzoides – rice cut grass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia east to the Atlantic Coast, south throughout the U.S.
Habitat: Wet places, often in fairly deep water.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Leymus cinereus – Great Basin lyme grass
Distribution: East of the Cascades in Washington; central and western North America.
Habitat: Sagebrush-steppe, arid grasslands, forest edges, and other dry, open areas in the intermountain west.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Leymus condensatus – giant wildrye
Origin: Native

Leymus flavescens – sand lyme grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Leymus mollis – American dunegrass
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington along the immediate marine coastline; Alaska to California, east across Canada to the Great Lakes region and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Coastal sand dunes, marshes, and headlands, where tolerant of salt water.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. mollis – yellow ryegrass

Leymus racemosus – mammoth lyme grass, mammoth wildrye
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central Washington to north-central Oregon, east to Wyoming.
Habitat: Sandy areas in sagebrush flats and plains.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Leymus triticoides – beardless lyme grass, beardless wildrye
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and Texas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Leymus ×vancouverensis – Vancouver wildrye
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Lolium multiflorum – annual ryegrass, Italian ryegrass, perennial ryegrass
Distribution: Introduced and well established in much of temperate North America.
Habitat: Roadsides and waste ground.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May - July
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Lolium perenne – English ryegrass, perennial ryegrass
Distribution: Commonly cultivated as a forage plant; escaped and well established in the Pacific Northwest.
Habitat: Old fields, roadsides, and waste places.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Lolium persicum – Persian ryegrass

Lolium temulentum – darnel, tare
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May - June
Growth Duration: Annual

• ssp. temulentum – darnel

Melica aristata – bearded melic grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Melica bulbosa – onion grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Melica ciliata – silky melic
Origin: Introduced

• ssp. taurica

Melica fugax – small melic grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - Early July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Melica harfordii – Harford's melic grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: Late May - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Melica smithii – Smith's melic grass
Distribution: Slouthern British Columbia south to Oregon, east to Alberta and Wyoming.
Habitat: Moist woods.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Melica spectabilis – showy melic grass
Distribution: Southern British Columbia south to northern California chiefly east of the Caascade crest, east to Montana and Colorado.
Habitat: Usually in moist, loamy soil in meadows and open parks in mountain forests, but also dry to wet meadowlands and open forests to subalpine ridges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: Late May - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Melica subulata – Alaska oniongrass
Distribution: Southern Alaska south to California, east to Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Open slopes to thick, dry or moist woods, from near sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Miscanthus sinensis – Chinese silvergrass
Origin: Introduced

Molinia caerulea – purple moor grass
Distribution: Known from a single locality in King County where it is persistent; occurring in scattered locations throughout North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas at low elevation near the coast.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Muhlenbergia andina – foxtail muhly
Origin: Native
Flowers: July - September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Muhlenbergia asperifolia – or alkali muhly, scratchgrass
Distribution: British Columbia south, east of the Cascades, to California, east to Montana and Texas.
Habitat: Dry to moist alkaline places.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Muhlenbergia filiformis – pullup muhly
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and Kansas.
Habitat: Moist or wet meadows, shores, seeps, hot springs, and stream banks.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual

Muhlenbergia glomerata – spiked muhly
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Muhlenbergia mexicana – wirestem muhly
Origin: Native

Muhlenbergia minutissima – annual muhly, least muhly
Origin: Native
Flowers: July
Growth Duration: Annual

Muhlenbergia richardsonis – matted muhly
Distribution: British Columbia south, east of the Cascade crests, to Baja California, east to New Brunswick and New Mexico.
Habitat: Moist to dry lowlands, meadows, mountain prairies and rocky slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Oryzopsis asperifolia – white-grain mountain-rice grass
Distribution: British Columbia east to Newfoundland, south to Maine and Montana and the northeast portion of Washington.
Habitat: Open coniferous woods.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Panicum capillare – witchgrass
Distribution: Introduced and weedy in much of the United States and southern Canada.
Habitat: Moist and irrigated areas, along streams and around ponds.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - September
Growth Duration: Annual

• ssp. capillare – or common panicgrass, witchgrass

Panicum dichotomiflorum – fall panicum
Distribution: Native in most of central and eastern United States; occasionally introduced in Washington.
Habitat: Waste ground.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May - September
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial

• ssp. dichotomiflorum – fall panicum, western witchgrass

Panicum giblinianum
Origin: Native

Panicum miliaceum – millet
Distribution: Introduced and cultivated in many parts of the United States; occasionally escaping and persisting in the Pacific Northwest.
Habitat: Abandoned fields, roadsides, waste ground.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: July - September
Growth Duration: Annual

• ssp. miliaceum – broomcorn, hog millet, panic millet, proso millet

• ssp. ruderale – broomcorn, hog millet, panic millet

Panicum virgata
Origin: Introduced from central and eastern North America
Growth Duration: Perennial

Panicum virgatum
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; occurring in scattered locations near Portland, OR and Boise, ID, otherwise east of the Rocky Mountains in central and eastern North America where native.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Parapholis incurva – sicklegrass
Origin: Introduced

Pascopyrum smithii – western-wheat grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Paspalum distichum – knotgrass, Thompsongrass
Distribution: Occurring chiefly along the lower Columbia River corridor in Washington; occurring in most of western North America and the southeastern U.S.
Habitat: Along ditches and streams where the soil is moist much of the season.
Origin: Native
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Pennisetum glaucum – pearl millet
Origin: Introduced
Growth Duration: Annual

Pennisetum setaceum – tender fountaingrass
Origin: Introduced from the eastern Mediterranean

Phalaris arundinacea – reed canary grass
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America, except for extreme southern U.S., to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Stream banks, meadows, fields, roadsides, irrigation ditches, and other disturbed open places from low elevations to nearly the subalpine.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Phalaris canariensis – common canary grass
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Annual

Phalaris paradoxa – Mediterranean canary grass
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Annual

Phleum alpinum – mountain Timothy
Distribution: Alaska east to Newfoundland, south in the subalpine regions of the mountains in most of western United States.
Habitat: Streambanks and meadows at higher elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: Late June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Phleum pratense – Timothy
Distribution: Both sides of the Cascades in Washington; throughout North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, especially moist, open meadows, from coast to midmontane.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. pratense – common Timothy

Phragmites australis – common reed
Distribution: In scattered locations throughout many areas of Washington; widely distributed throughout North America; circumboreal.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, including roadsides, often where wet or seasonally moist.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. americanus – common reed

• ssp. australis – common reed

Piptatheropsis exigua – little mountain-ricegrass
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia, south east of the Cascade crest to Oregon, east to Montana and Colorado.
Habitat: Sandy to rocky soil, mountain meadows to subalpine and alpine ridges and slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Pleuropogon refractus – nodding false semaphore grass
Distribution: Southern British Columbia south in both the Olympics and Cascades of Washington, and the Cascades and coastal mountains of Oregon, to Mendocino County, California.
Habitat: Bogs, stream banks, swampy meadows,and moist, shaded woods, from near sea level toabout 5000 feet elevation in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Poa alpina – alpine bluegrass
Origin: Native

• ssp. alpina – alpine blue grass

Poa annua – annual blue grass
Distribution: Common weed throughout the Pacific Northwest.
Habitat: Lawns, gardens, roadsides, and waste ground to open woods.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: March - August
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial

Poa arctica – Arctic bluegrass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Rocky Mountains; circumpolar.
Habitat: Subalpine and alpine areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. arctica

Poa bolanderi – Bolander's blue grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: July - August
Growth Duration: Annual

Poa bulbosa – bulbous bluegrass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed areas from the coast to midmontane.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. vivipara – bulbous bluegrass

Poa compressa – flat-stem blue grass
Distribution: Alaska east to Newfoundland, south to most of the United States; common in the Pacific Northwest.
Habitat: Waste ground, roadsides, and gardens to open woods and meadows, usually where moist.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Poa confinis – coastline blue grass
Distribution: VAncouver Island, British Columbia, south along the coast to San Francisco, California.
Habitat: Coastal sand dunes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Poa curtifolia – little mountain blue grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Poa cusickii – Cusick's bluegrass
Distribution: British Columbia south in the Olympics and Cascades to California, east to Saskatchewan and Colorado.
Habitat: Sagebrush plains to alpine meadows and ridges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. cusickii – Cusick's bluegrass

• ssp. epilis – skyline bluegrass

• ssp. pallida – Cusick's bluegrass

• ssp. purpurascens – Cusick's bluegrass

Poa fendleriana – muttongrass
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - August

• ssp. longiligula – muttongrass

Poa glauca
Origin: Native

• ssp. rupicola – timberline bluegrass

Poa howellii – Howell's bluegrass
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington and in the Columbia River Gorge; southern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Lowland to montane rocky banks, forested slopes, and disturbed areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual

Poa infirma – weak bluegrass
Origin: Introduced

Poa interior – interior bluegrass, woods blue grass
Origin: Native

Poa laxiflora – loose-flower blue grass
Distribution: Southern Alaska south to the Olympic Peninsula of Washington and Multnomah, Clackamus and Benton Counties, Oregon.
Habitat: Moist woods to rocky, open slopes, from near sea level to lower elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Poa leibergii – Leiberg's blue grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: Late March - May
Growth Duration: Perennial

Poa leptocoma – marsh blue grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: Late June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Poa lettermanii – Letterman's blue grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Poa macrantha – sand-dune blue grass
Distribution: Southern Vancouver Island and the islands of Puget Sound, south along the coast to Mendocino County, California.
Habitat: Chiefly on sand dunes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Poa marcida – withered blue grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Poa ×multnomae
Origin: Native

Poa nemoralis – woodland bluegrass
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Poa nervosa – Hooker's blue grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: April - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Poa palustris – fowl blue grass
Distribution: Introduced and widely distributed through Alaska and Canada, south to northern California and Virginia.
Habitat: Sea level to open meadows and forested areas in the mountains, always where moist.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Poa paucispicula – Alaska blue grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: Late June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Poa pratensis – Kentucky bluegrass
Distribution: Throughout Washington; common throughout temperate world.
Habitat: Moist, distrurbed areas at from the coast to middle elevations.
Origin: Both native and introduced
Flowers: April - October
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. angustifolia

• ssp. irrigata

• ssp. pratensis – Kentucky blue grass

Poa secunda
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Grasslands and forest openings from sea-level to the alpine
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. juncifolia – alkali bluegrass, big bluegrass, Nevada bluegrass

• ssp. secunda – curly blue grass

Poa stenantha – narrow-flowered bluegrass
Origin: Native

• var. stenantha – narrow-flower blue grass

Poa suksdorfii – western blue grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: July - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Poa trivialis – rough-stalk blue grass
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. trivialis

Poa unilateralis – sea-bluff bluegrass
Origin: Native

• ssp. pachypholis – San Francisco blue grass

Poa wheeleri – Wheeler's blue grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: April - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Podagrostis aequivalvis – arctic bent
Origin: Native

Podagrostis humilis – alpine bent, mountain bent
Origin: Native

Podagrostis thurberiana – Thurber's bent
Origin: Native

Polypogon australis – Chilean rabbit's-foot grass
Origin: Introduced
Growth Duration: Perennial

Polypogon fugax – Asia Minor bluegrass
Origin: Introduced

Polypogon interruptus – ditch rabbit's-foot grass
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Polypogon maritimus – Mediterranean rabbitsfoot grass
Distribution: Known from Klickitat County in WA; Washington to California, east to Nevada; also in southeastern North America.
Habitat: Shoreline of ponds, lakes and rivers.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual

Polypogon monspeliensis – annual rabbit's-foot grass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Wet to dry waste areas, including vernal pools where the water is brackish.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Annual

Polypogon viridis – beardless rabbit's-foot grass
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June - September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Psathyrostachys juncea – Russian-wild rye
Origin: Introduced

×Pseudelymus saxicola
Origin: Native

Pseudoroegneria spicata – ?bluebunch wheatgrass
Distribution: British Columbia south, chiefly east of the Cascade crests, but also in the coastal mountains, to California, east to the Dakotas and New Mexico.
Habitat: From the plains to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Pseudosasa japonica – Japanese bamboo
Habitat: Forest edge, roadsides, and other disturbed areas at low elevations where escaping from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Asia
Growth Duration: Perennial

Puccinellia distans – weeping alkaligrass, European alkali grass
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades in Washington; North-central British Columbia south, chiefly east of the Cascades, to California, east through most of Canada and to the east base of the Rockies.
Habitat: Moist soil, especially where alkaline.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Puccinellia lemmonii – Lemmon's alkali grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Puccinellia maritima – coast alkaligrass
Origin: Introduced

Puccinellia nutkaensis – Nootka alkali grass, shining alkali grass
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Puccinellia nuttalliana – Nuttall's alkali grass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Minnesota, Kansas, eastern and eastern North America.
Habitat: Coastal salt marshes and inland alkali shores and stream banks.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Puccinellia pumila – dwarf alkali grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Redfieldia flexuosa – blowout grass
Origin: Introduced from central United States

Sasa palmata – broadleaf bamboo
Distribution: Occurring in the Puget Sound lowlands in Washington; also known from Tennessee.
Habitat: Disturbed lowland areas where escaping from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced
Growth Duration: Perennial

Schedonorus arundinaceus – tall fescue, tall rye grass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Meadowlands, fallow fields an ditch banks.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Schedonorus pratensis – meadow fescue, meadow rye grass
Distribution: Occurring in scattered localities on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Meadows, pastures, roadsides, and other disturbed areas, often where moist
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Schizachyrium scoparium – broom bluestem, little bluestem
Distribution: Alberta east to Quebec, south through most of the United States east of the rockies; sparingly introduced in the Pacific Northwest.
Habitat: Prairies and foothills.
Origin: Native?
Flowers: July - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. scoparium – broom beardgras, broom bluestem, little bluestem

Sclerochloa dura – common hard grass
Distribution: Sparingly introduced in much of western United States; established in eastern Washington and Oregon.
Habitat: Weed of waste areas.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June
Growth Duration: Annual

Scleropoa rigida – fern grass
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June - July
Growth Duration: Annual

Scribneria bolanderi – Scribner's grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: April - May
Growth Duration: Annual

Secale cereale – cultivated rye
Distribution: Widely cultivated, especially in poor, dry soil, often persistent for more than one season.
Habitat: Roadsides and waste ground.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May - July
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial

Secale strictum
Origin: Introduced

Setaria faberi – Chinese foxtail
Origin: Introduced from China
Growth Duration: Annual

Setaria italica – Italian bristlegrass, foxtail millet
Origin: Introduced from China
Growth Duration: Annual

Setaria pumila
Origin: Introduced
Growth Duration: Annual

• ssp. pallide-fusca – yellow foxtail, pigeon grass

• ssp. pumila – yellow foxtail

Setaria verticillata – hooked bristlegrass, rough bristlegrass
Distribution: Sparingly introduced in the Pacific Northwest; more common in other parts of the United States.
Habitat: Weed of gardens, irrigated areas and wasteland.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: August - September
Growth Duration: Annual

Setaria viridis
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout much of Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Disturbed soil and wasteland.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Annual

• var. viridis – green bristlegrass

Sorghum bicolor – sorghum
Origin: Introduced from Africa
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial

Sorghum halepense – Johnson grass
Distribution: Introduced and established in much of the United States; rarely persistent in the Pacific Northwest.
Habitat: Waste ground, especially where moist.
Origin: Introduced from Mediterranean
Flowers: July - October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Spartina alterniflora – saltwater cordgrass, smooth cordgrass
Distribution: Introduced in Pacific County, Washington; common along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States.
Habitat: Along the coast in brackish water.
Origin: Introduced from the Atlantic coast of North America
Flowers: August - September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Spartina anglica – English cordgrass
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Growth Duration: Perennial

Spartina densiflora – Chilean cordgrass
Origin: Introduced from Chile
Growth Duration: Perennial

Spartina gracilis – alkali cordgrass
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Spartina patens – saltmeadow cordgrass
Origin: Introduced from the Atlantic Coast of North America
Growth Duration: Perennial

Spartina pectinata – freshwater cordgrass, prairie cordgrass
Distribution: Eastern Washington and Oregon, east to Newfoundland and North Carolina.
Habitat: Ditches, ponds, and fresh-water marshes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Spartina ×townsendii – Townsend's cordgrass
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Growth Duration: Perennial

Sphenopholis intermedia – slender wedgescale
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Sphenopholis obtusata – prairie wedgescale
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - July
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial

Sporobolus airoides – alkali sacaton
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California and Mexico, east to the Great Plains; introduced in eastern North America.
Habitat: Mesic or damp slopes and flats, often where alkaline, shores, grasslands, vernal pools, and hot springs at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Sporobolus compositus – composite dropseed, tall dropseed
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. compositus – rough dropseed

Sporobolus cryptandrus – sand dropseed
Distribution: British Columbia south, east of the Cascades, to southern California, east to Ontario, Maine, and most of the United States except the extreme southeast.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert, especilly where sandy, to the foothills and grassland.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Sporobolus neglectus – small dropseed
Origin: Native
Flowers: July - September
Growth Duration: Annual

Sporobolus vaginiflorus – poverty dropseed
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington and California, east to Idaho and the southwestern U.S.; native from Great Plains east to Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. vaginiflorus – poverty dropseed

Taeniatherum caput-medusae – medusa-head
Distribution: Sparingly introduced in east-central Washington; more common on both sides of the Cascades in Oregon, east into southeast Idaho and south into California.
Habitat: Weed of waste ground.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May - June
Growth Duration: Annual

Thinopyrum intermedium – intermediate wheatgrass
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. barbulatum – pubescent wheatgrass

• ssp. intermedium – intermediate wheatgrass

Thinopyrum ponticum – Eurasian wheatgrass
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east to the Great Plains.
Habitat: Disturbed areas including roadsides, wastelots, and agricultural fields.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Torreyochloa pallida – pale false manna grass
Distribution: Alaska south along the coast to California, east to Alberta and New Mexico.
Habitat: Wet places, from near sea level to 11,000 feet elevation in mountain meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. pauciflora – weak alkaligrass

Tripidium ravennae – ravennagrass
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to adjacent Oregon, also in Boise, Idaho; California and sporadically eastward to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Triplasis purpurea – purple sandgrass
Origin: Introduced

• var. purpurea – purple sandgrass

Trisetum canescens – tall false oat
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Trisetum cernuum – nodding Trisetum
Origin: Native

Trisetum flavescens – yellow false oat
Origin: Introduced
Growth Duration: Perennial

Trisetum spicatum – narrow false oat, spike trisetum
Distribution: Occurring in the mountainous areas on both sides of the Cascades crest throughout Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, further east to the Great Lakes region and eastern North America.
Habitat: Montane forests to alpine slopes in rocky, dry or moist areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Triticum aestivum – bread wheat
Distribution: Introduced world-wide, but fails to persist more that a few seasons on its own.
Habitat: Cultivated in fields.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: April - June
Growth Duration: Annual

Vahlodea atropurpurea – arctic-hair grass
Distribution: Alaska south to the high mountains of California, east to Newfoundland and New Hamshire.
Habitat: Mountain meadows, streambanks, and lake margins to alpine ridges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Ventenata dubia – Ventenata
Distribution: Chiefly in the eastern portion of Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, pastures, crop land, and other disturbed sites.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Vulpia bromoides – brome fescue
Distribution: Introduced from southern British Columbia to southern California and Arizona, occasional farther east.
Habitat: From ocean beaches and salt marshes to sagebrush deserts.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: April - June
Growth Duration: Annual

Vulpia microstachys – small fescue
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Annual

Vulpia myuros – rattail fescue, rattail six-weeks grass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout most of North America except for the Great Plains and eastern Canada.
Habitat: Balds, open slopes, grasslands, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual

Vulpia octoflora – six–weeks fescue
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Annual

• var. hirtella – six-weeks fescue

• var. octoflora – six-weeks fescue

Zea mays – corn
Origin: Introduced
Growth Duration: Annual

• ssp. mays – corn, Indian corn, maize

Zizania palustris – northern wild rice
Origin: Introduced
Growth Duration: Annual

• var. palustris – northern wild rice