Page author: David Giblin
Plantaginaceae
Mare's-Tail Family, Plantain Family, Water-Starwort Family
Synonyms:
Callitrichaceae [HC]
Hippuridaceae [HC]
Hippuridaceae [HC]
18 genera
96 species
37 subspecies and varieties
96 species
37 subspecies and varieties
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Index to genera:
Antirrhinum, Bacopa, Callitriche, Chaenorhinum, Collinsia, Cymbalaria, Digitalis, Gratiola, Hippuris, Kickxia, Linaria, Misopates, Nothochelone, Nuttallanthus, Penstemon, Plantago, Tonella, VeronicaAntirrhinum majus – garden snapdragon, greater snapdragon
Distribution: Occasionally escaped from cultivation in western Washington.
Habitat: Disturbed areas in urban settings.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occasionally escaped from cultivation in western Washington.
Habitat: Disturbed areas in urban settings.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Bacopa rotundifolia – disk water-hyssop, round-leaved water-hyssop
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in south-central Washington; south-central Washington to California (but not in Oregon), east to the Rocky Mountains, native to central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Mudfalts, mud-bottomed pools, backchannels, and other slow-moving water of streams and rivers.
Origin: Introduced from central North America
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in south-central Washington; south-central Washington to California (but not in Oregon), east to the Rocky Mountains, native to central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Mudfalts, mud-bottomed pools, backchannels, and other slow-moving water of streams and rivers.
Origin: Introduced from central North America
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Callitriche hermaphroditica – autumn water-starwort, northern water-starwort
Distribution: Across northern North America, south to central California, northern New Mexico, the Great Lakes, and northeast United States.
Habitat: Sloughs and streams.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July - September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Across northern North America, south to central California, northern New Mexico, the Great Lakes, and northeast United States.
Habitat: Sloughs and streams.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July - September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Callitriche heterophylla – different-leaved water-starwort
Distribution: North and South America and Greenland.
Habitat: Sloughs and slow-moving, fresh water.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April - July
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
Distribution: North and South America and Greenland.
Habitat: Sloughs and slow-moving, fresh water.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April - July
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
• var. bolanderi – Bolander's different-leaved water-starwort
Callitriche marginata – winged water-starwort
Distribution: Reported from eastern counties in Washington; British Columbia south to California.
Habitat: Ponds, lakes, slow-moving streams.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Reported from eastern counties in Washington; British Columbia south to California.
Habitat: Ponds, lakes, slow-moving streams.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Callitriche palustris – spring water-starwort, vernal water-starwort
Distribution: General in North America except Mexico and south and southeast United States.
Habitat: Sloughs and slow-moving fresh water.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: General in North America except Mexico and south and southeast United States.
Habitat: Sloughs and slow-moving fresh water.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Callitriche stagnalis – pond water-starwort
Distribution: Introduced in the Pacific Coast states, Montana, and some Eastern states
Habitat: Uncommon in streams, ponds and ditches
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May - August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Introduced in the Pacific Coast states, Montana, and some Eastern states
Habitat: Uncommon in streams, ponds and ditches
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May - August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Chaenorhinum minus – dwarf-snapdragon
Distribution: Scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia south to Oregon; occurring throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Roadside, disturbed open areas, waste ground.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia south to Oregon; occurring throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Roadside, disturbed open areas, waste ground.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Collinsia grandiflora – large-flowered blue-eyed Mary, blue-lips blue-eyed Mary
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Open, moist to rather dry areas, low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Open, moist to rather dry areas, low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Collinsia parviflora – small-flowered blue-eyed Mary, collinsia
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California and Colorado, east to Ontario and Michigan.
Habitat: Lowlands to alpine meadows in vernally (springtime) moist areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California and Colorado, east to Ontario and Michigan.
Habitat: Lowlands to alpine meadows in vernally (springtime) moist areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Collinsia rattanii – Rattan collinsia
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington along the Columbia River Gorge; south-central Washington to the John Day valley in Oregon.
Habitat: Open woods at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington along the Columbia River Gorge; south-central Washington to the John Day valley in Oregon.
Habitat: Open woods at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Collinsia sparsiflora – few-flowered blue-eyed Mary, few-flowered collinsia
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; south-central Washington to adjacent northern Oregon, east to western Idaho.
Habitat: Open slopes, swales, forest edge, and balds.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-April
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; south-central Washington to adjacent northern Oregon, east to western Idaho.
Habitat: Open slopes, swales, forest edge, and balds.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-April
Growth Duration: Annual
• var. sparsiflora – few-flowered blue-eyed Mary
Cymbalaria muralis – Kenilworth-ivy, ivy-leaved toadflax
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, scattered eastward across North America to the Atlantic Coast where more broadly distributed.
Habitat: Roadsides, retaining walls, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low elevation.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, scattered eastward across North America to the Atlantic Coast where more broadly distributed.
Habitat: Roadsides, retaining walls, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low elevation.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Digitalis purpurea – purple foxglove
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also from the Great Lakes region east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, forest edge, meadows, wastelots, and other disturbed partially shaded to sunny areas at low to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Biennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also from the Great Lakes region east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, forest edge, meadows, wastelots, and other disturbed partially shaded to sunny areas at low to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Biennial
• ssp. purpurea – purple foxglove
Gratiola ebracteata – bractless hedge-hyssop
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to western Montana.
Habitat: Shallow water and muddy shores, and in other wet places in the valleys and plains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to western Montana.
Habitat: Shallow water and muddy shores, and in other wet places in the valleys and plains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Gratiola neglecta – American hedge-hyssop, clammy hedge-hyssop
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout most of North America.
Habitat: In shallow water and on muddy shores, and in other wet places in the valleys and plains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout most of North America.
Habitat: In shallow water and on muddy shores, and in other wet places in the valleys and plains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Hippuris montana – mountain mare's-tail
Distribution: Chiefly west of the Cascades in Washington; Alaska to Washington, east to Northwest Territories and Alberta.
Habitat: Wet meadows, streams and mossy banks in the moungtains
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Chiefly west of the Cascades in Washington; Alaska to Washington, east to Northwest Territories and Alberta.
Habitat: Wet meadows, streams and mossy banks in the moungtains
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Hippuris vulgaris – common mare's-tail
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; Alaska to south California and New Mexico, east through southern Canada and the northern states to Maine.
Habitat: Streams, ponds and shallow lakes, generally at least partially emerged.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; Alaska to south California and New Mexico, east through southern Canada and the northern states to Maine.
Habitat: Streams, ponds and shallow lakes, generally at least partially emerged.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Kickxia elatine – sharpleaf cancerwort
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed, open areas, often where gravelly.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed, open areas, often where gravelly.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Linaria dalmatica – dalmation toadflax
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout Washington, but more prevalent east of the Cascades crest; widely distributed throughout most of North America except southeastern region.
Habitat: Open areas roadsides, fields, wastelots, forest openings, typically where disturbed.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout Washington, but more prevalent east of the Cascades crest; widely distributed throughout most of North America except southeastern region.
Habitat: Open areas roadsides, fields, wastelots, forest openings, typically where disturbed.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. dalmatica – brown-leaved toadflax, Dalmatian toadflax, dalmatian toadflax
Linaria purpurea – purple toadflax
Distribution: Introduced as an ornamental, occasionally escaping west of the Cascades in Washington.
Habitat: Bare and disturbed ground.
Origin: Introduced from Mediterranean
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Introduced as an ornamental, occasionally escaping west of the Cascades in Washington.
Habitat: Bare and disturbed ground.
Origin: Introduced from Mediterranean
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Linaria vulgaris – greater butter-and-eggs
Distribution: Widely distributed across Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Noxious weed of roadsides, wastelots, and disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Widely distributed across Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Noxious weed of roadsides, wastelots, and disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Misopates orontium – lesser snapdragon, weasel's snout
Distribution: Occasionally escaped from cultivation in western Washington.
Habitat: Disturbed areas in urban settings.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occasionally escaped from cultivation in western Washington.
Habitat: Disturbed areas in urban settings.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Nothochelone nemorosa – woodland beardtongue
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest and in the Olympic Mountains in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Forest understory at middle elevations to moist forest edge and slopes in the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest and in the Olympic Mountains in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Forest understory at middle elevations to moist forest edge and slopes in the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Nuttallanthus canadensis – Canada toadflax, old field toadflax
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia and Puget Trough islands to western Oregon and California.
Habitat: Prairies, balds, and other open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia and Puget Trough islands to western Oregon and California.
Habitat: Prairies, balds, and other open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Nuttallanthus texanus – blue toadflax, Texas toadflax
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Sasketchewan and across much of the U.S. except the upper Midwest and Northeast.
Habitat: Prairies, grasslands, and balds.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Sasketchewan and across much of the U.S. except the upper Midwest and Northeast.
Habitat: Prairies, grasslands, and balds.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Penstemon acuminatus – sand dune penstemon, sharp-leaved penstemon
Distribution: Occurring from Chelan and Douglas counties south along the Columbia River to Klickitat County; central Washington to north-central Oregon, also from southeastern Oregon to northern Nevada, east to southwestern Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, open, sandy places at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring from Chelan and Douglas counties south along the Columbia River to Klickitat County; central Washington to north-central Oregon, also from southeastern Oregon to northern Nevada, east to southwestern Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, open, sandy places at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. acuminatus – sand dune beardtongue, sand dune penstemon, sharp-leaved penstemon
Penstemon attenuatus – taper-leaved beardtongue, sulphur penstemon, taper-leaved penstemon
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southeastern British Columbia to northeastern Oregon, east to western Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Dry to moist meadows and woodland slopes from the lowlands to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southeastern British Columbia to northeastern Oregon, east to western Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Dry to moist meadows and woodland slopes from the lowlands to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. attenuatus – taper-leaved beardtongue, sulphur penstemon, taper-leaved penstemon
Penstemon barrettiae – Barrett's beardtongue
Distribution: Occurring in the east end of the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; south-central Washington to adjacent north-central Oregon.
Habitat: Woodland openings and rocky slopes at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring in the east end of the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; south-central Washington to adjacent north-central Oregon.
Habitat: Woodland openings and rocky slopes at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon cardwellii – Cardwell's beardtongue
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern Washington to southwestern Oregon.
Habitat: Open or wooded summits or slopes at middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern Washington to southwestern Oregon.
Habitat: Open or wooded summits or slopes at middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon cinereus – gray beardtongue
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central Washington to northeastern California and northwestern Nevada.
Habitat: Open areas at low to middle elevations in loamy or igneous rocky or gravelly soils.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central Washington to northeastern California and northwestern Nevada.
Habitat: Open areas at low to middle elevations in loamy or igneous rocky or gravelly soils.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
• ssp. cinereus – gray beardtongue
• ssp. foliatus – leafy gray beardtongue
Penstemon confertus – lesser yellow beardtongue
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Alberta, Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Coniferous forest openings and open slopes from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Alberta, Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Coniferous forest openings and open slopes from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon davidsonii – Davidson's penstemon
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California and Nevada.
Habitat: Open, rocky areas, from middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California and Nevada.
Habitat: Open, rocky areas, from middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. davidsonii – Davidson's beardtongue
• var. menziesii – Davidson's beardtongue
Penstemon deustus – hot-rock penstemon
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana and Utah.
Habitat: Dry sites at moderate to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana and Utah.
Habitat: Dry sites at moderate to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. deustus – hot-rock penstemon
• var. variabilis – hotrock penstemon, scabland penstemon, scorched penstemon
Penstemon ellipticus – rockvine beardtongue
Distribution: Southwest Alberta, southeast British Columbia, northern Idaho and northwest Montana.
Habitat: Rocky places at high elevations in the mountains, often on cliffs, ledges, or in rock crevices.
Origin: Native
Flowers: Late June - September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Southwest Alberta, southeast British Columbia, northern Idaho and northwest Montana.
Habitat: Rocky places at high elevations in the mountains, often on cliffs, ledges, or in rock crevices.
Origin: Native
Flowers: Late June - September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon eriantherus – crested-tongue penstemon, fuzzy-tongue penstemon
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest chiefly in central and northeastern Washington; Southeast British Columbia to Oregon, east to the northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Dry, open places in the valleys, plains and foothills, sometimes ascending to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest chiefly in central and northeastern Washington; Southeast British Columbia to Oregon, east to the northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Dry, open places in the valleys, plains and foothills, sometimes ascending to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. eriantherus – fuzzy-tongue penstemon
• var. whitedii – Whited's fuzzy-tongue penstemon
Penstemon euglaucus – glaucous beardtongue
Distribution: In Washington from Mt. Adams south; Washington south to central Oregon.
Habitat: Dry, sandy, open or sparsely wooded slopes at moderate elevations to subalpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: In Washington from Mt. Adams south; Washington south to central Oregon.
Habitat: Dry, sandy, open or sparsely wooded slopes at moderate elevations to subalpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon fruticosus – bush penstemon, shrubby penstemon
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to Oregon, east to Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Common in rocky, open or wooded areas, foothills to rather high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to Oregon, east to Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Common in rocky, open or wooded areas, foothills to rather high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. fruticosus – shrubby penstemon
• var. scouleri – shrubby penstemon
• var. serratus – shrubby penstemon
Penstemon gairdneri – gairdner's penstemon
Distribution: East of the Cascades in Washington; Washington south to Oregon, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, open sagebrush desert and scablands, low to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: East of the Cascades in Washington; Washington south to Oregon, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, open sagebrush desert and scablands, low to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. gairdneri – Gairdner's penstemon
Penstemon glandulosus – glandular penstemon
Distribution: Along the east base of the Cascades, Chelan to Klickitat Counties, Washington, and at scattered locations in Oregon and Idaho.
Habitat: Open, often rocky hillsides and banks in the foothills, valleys, and lower mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Along the east base of the Cascades, Chelan to Klickitat Counties, Washington, and at scattered locations in Oregon and Idaho.
Habitat: Open, often rocky hillsides and banks in the foothills, valleys, and lower mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. chelanensis – sticky-stem penstemon
• var. glandulosus – sticky-stem penstemon
Penstemon hesperius – tall beardtongue
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southwestern Washington; narrowly distributed from southwestern Washington to northwestern Oregon.
Habitat: Moist, lowland meadows and stream banks.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southwestern Washington; narrowly distributed from southwestern Washington to northwestern Oregon.
Habitat: Moist, lowland meadows and stream banks.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon lyallii – Lyall's penstemon
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington; southeastern British Columbia to northeastern Washington, east to Alberta, northern Idaho, and northwestern Montana.
Habitat: Rocky slopes, talus, and rock outcrops.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington; southeastern British Columbia to northeastern Washington, east to Alberta, northern Idaho, and northwestern Montana.
Habitat: Rocky slopes, talus, and rock outcrops.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon ovatus – egg-leaf beardtongue, broad-leaved penstemon
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Oregon.
Habitat: Open woods below 3000 feet in elevation.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Oregon.
Habitat: Open woods below 3000 feet in elevation.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon palmeri – Palmer's penstemon
Distribution: Reported from Spokane County in Washington; Washington south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Roadsides where seeded for soil stabilization.
Origin: Introduced from southwestern United States
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Reported from Spokane County in Washington; Washington south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Roadsides where seeded for soil stabilization.
Origin: Introduced from southwestern United States
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. palmeri – Palmer's penstemon
Penstemon pennellianus – Blue Mountains beardtongue, Pennell's beardtongue
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the Blue Mountains of southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to Blue Mountains in adjacent northeastern Oregon.
Habitat: Open, gravelly and sandy slopes and ridges, sometimes associated with ponderosa pine forest openings, at middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the Blue Mountains of southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to Blue Mountains in adjacent northeastern Oregon.
Habitat: Open, gravelly and sandy slopes and ridges, sometimes associated with ponderosa pine forest openings, at middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon procerus – small-flowered penstemon
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout Washington; Alaska south to California, east to North Dakota, Wyoming and Colorado.
Habitat: Moist forest openings at moderate elevations to rocky slopes at high elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout Washington; Alaska south to California, east to North Dakota, Wyoming and Colorado.
Habitat: Moist forest openings at moderate elevations to rocky slopes at high elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. procerus – small-flowered penstemon
• var. tolmiei – small-flowered penstemon
Penstemon pruinosus – Chelan beardtongue
Distribution: Chiefly on the east slope of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia south to Washington.
Habitat: Open, rocky places from the valleys and plains to moderate elevations in the mountains, and in the scablands in Washington.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Chiefly on the east slope of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia south to Washington.
Habitat: Open, rocky places from the valleys and plains to moderate elevations in the mountains, and in the scablands in Washington.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon richardsonii – Richardson's penstemon
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to north-central and northeast Oregon.
Habitat: Cliff crevices and other dry, rocky places at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to north-central and northeast Oregon.
Habitat: Cliff crevices and other dry, rocky places at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. richardsonii – Richardson's penstemon
Penstemon rupicola – cliff beardtongue, rock penstemon
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Rock cliffs and rocky slopes from middle elevations in the mountains to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Rock cliffs and rocky slopes from middle elevations in the mountains to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon rydbergii – Rydberg's beardtongue
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades in Washington; Washington south to the Sierras of California, east to northern Wyoming and northern New Mexico.
Habitat: Meadows and moist, open slopes, occasionally on drier slopes with sagebrush, chiefly in the foothills and at moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades in Washington; Washington south to the Sierras of California, east to northern Wyoming and northern New Mexico.
Habitat: Meadows and moist, open slopes, occasionally on drier slopes with sagebrush, chiefly in the foothills and at moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon serrulatus – Cascade beardtongue, coast penstemon
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Olympic Mountains in Washington; southern British Columbia to Oregon.
Habitat: Moist to wet meadows and forest openings, from low elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Olympic Mountains in Washington; southern British Columbia to Oregon.
Habitat: Moist to wet meadows and forest openings, from low elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon speciosus – royal beardtongue, showy penstemon
Distribution: East of the Cascades in Washington; Washington south to California, east to Nevada and Utah.
Habitat: Dry, open or sparsely wooded areas, often with sagebrush, juniper or ponderosa pine, mostly in the lowlands and foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: East of the Cascades in Washington; Washington south to California, east to Nevada and Utah.
Habitat: Dry, open or sparsely wooded areas, often with sagebrush, juniper or ponderosa pine, mostly in the lowlands and foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon subserratus – fine-toothed beardtongue, subserrate beardtongue
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central Washington from Chelan County south; north-central Washington to north-central Oregon.
Habitat: Open ponderosa pine forest and clearings at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central Washington from Chelan County south; north-central Washington to north-central Oregon.
Habitat: Open ponderosa pine forest and clearings at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon triphyllus – whorled beardtongue
Distribution: Occurring chiefly in the southeastern area of Washington; Southeast Washington south to adjacent Oregon and east to adjacent Idaho.
Habitat: Cliff crevices and dry, rocky banks and slopes at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly in the southeastern area of Washington; Southeast Washington south to adjacent Oregon and east to adjacent Idaho.
Habitat: Cliff crevices and dry, rocky banks and slopes at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon venustus – elegant beardtongue, Blue Mountain penstemon
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades in Washington, especially in the Blue Mountains area; Washington south to California and Utah, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Open, rocky slopes, from the foothills to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades in Washington, especially in the Blue Mountains area; Washington south to California and Utah, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Open, rocky slopes, from the foothills to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon washingtonensis – Washington beardtongue
Distribution: Endemic to Chelan and Okanogan counties, Washington.
Habitat: From open slopes and flats at moderate elevations to alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Endemic to Chelan and Okanogan counties, Washington.
Habitat: From open slopes and flats at moderate elevations to alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon wilcoxii – Wilcox's beardtongue
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon, east to Montana.
Habitat: Open or often wooded, sometimes in rocky places, from the foothills to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon, east to Montana.
Habitat: Open or often wooded, sometimes in rocky places, from the foothills to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Plantago arenaria – sand plantain
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland southwestern Washington; British Columbia to California, also in Idaho and central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Sandy areas of roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland southwestern Washington; British Columbia to California, also in Idaho and central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Sandy areas of roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Plantago coronopus – buck-horn plantain
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the coast in Washington; British Columbia to California; also in Manitoba, Texas, and northeastern U.S.
Habitat: Occasional at low elevations along the coast in sandy or disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia and northern Africa
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the coast in Washington; British Columbia to California; also in Manitoba, Texas, and northeastern U.S.
Habitat: Occasional at low elevations along the coast in sandy or disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia and northern Africa
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Plantago elongata – slender plantain
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the coast of western Washington and in the Columbia River Gorge; British Columbia to California, east to Minnesota and Texas.
Habitat: Moist, somewhat saline areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the coast of western Washington and in the Columbia River Gorge; British Columbia to California, east to Minnesota and Texas.
Habitat: Moist, somewhat saline areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Plantago lanceolata – English plantain
Distribution: Occuring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast; cosmopolitan.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occuring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast; cosmopolitan.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Plantago macrocarpa – Alaska plantain, large-fruited plantain
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the outer coast in Washington; Alaska to Oregon.
Habitat: Coastal wetlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the outer coast in Washington; Alaska to Oregon.
Habitat: Coastal wetlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Plantago major – common plantain, great plantain
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Plantago maritima – sea plantain, seaside plantain
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the coast in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Salt marshes, bluffs and cliffs along the coast.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the coast in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Salt marshes, bluffs and cliffs along the coast.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Plantago patagonica – woolly plantain
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast; also in South America.
Habitat: Dry, open places at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast; also in South America.
Habitat: Dry, open places at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Plantago subnuda – Mexican plantain, tall coastal plantain
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in coastal southwestern Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Tidal flats and coastal bluffs.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in coastal southwestern Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Tidal flats and coastal bluffs.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Tonella floribunda – greater baby-innocence, large-flowered tonella
Distribution: Occurring along the southern border of Washington; Canyon of the Snake River and tributaries; Washington south to Oregon, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Open, often rocky places, at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring along the southern border of Washington; Canyon of the Snake River and tributaries; Washington south to Oregon, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Open, often rocky places, at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Tonella tenella – lesser baby-innocence, small-flowered tonella
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; disjunct in southwestern British Columbia and the northern Olympic Peninsula, otherwise southern Washington to central California.
Habitat: Fairly moist in open to partly shaded places at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; disjunct in southwestern British Columbia and the northern Olympic Peninsula, otherwise southern Washington to central California.
Habitat: Fairly moist in open to partly shaded places at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Annual
Veronica americana – American brooklime, American speedwell
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Ditches, slow moving streams, oxbows, and other water bodies, from low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Ditches, slow moving streams, oxbows, and other water bodies, from low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Veronica anagallis-aquatica – blue water speedwell
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: In or along slow-moving streams and ditches at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: In or along slow-moving streams and ditches at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Veronica argute-serrata – bilobed speedwell
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains, also in scattered areas of eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed, open areas at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains, also in scattered areas of eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed, open areas at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Veronica arvensis – corn speedwell, wall speedwell
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Disturbed ground, gardens and roadsides
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Disturbed ground, gardens and roadsides
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Veronica catenata – chain speedwell
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Slow-moving streams and ditches.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Slow-moving streams and ditches.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Veronica chamaedrys – Germander speedwell
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Montana, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, lawns, gardens, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Montana, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, lawns, gardens, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Veronica cusickii – Cusick's speedwell
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Open, moist, rocky slopes from subalpine to alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Open, moist, rocky slopes from subalpine to alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Veronica dissecta – feather-leaf kittentails
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympic Mountains in Washington; Idaho and Montana to Utah, disjunct in Washington.
Habitat: Stony, subalpine to alpine slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympic Mountains in Washington; Idaho and Montana to Utah, disjunct in Washington.
Habitat: Stony, subalpine to alpine slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. lanuginosa – cut-leaf kittentails
Veronica filiformis – thread-stalk speedwell
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Weed of lawns and gardens
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Weed of lawns and gardens
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Veronica hederifolia – ivy-leaf speedwell
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Idaho and Utah; other scattered locations in central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Waste places, disturbed soil.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Idaho and Utah; other scattered locations in central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Waste places, disturbed soil.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Veronica ×lackschewitzii – Lackschewitz's speedwell
Distribution: Known only from Yakima County in Washington; distribution in North America not currently known.
Habitat: Slow-moving streams and ditches.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Distribution: Known only from Yakima County in Washington; distribution in North America not currently known.
Habitat: Slow-moving streams and ditches.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Veronica longifolia – long-leaf speedwell
Distribution: Known from only a few localities west of the Cascades crest in Washington; also known from British Columbia and Montana.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, where escaped from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Known from only a few localities west of the Cascades crest in Washington; also known from British Columbia and Montana.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, where escaped from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Veronica missurica – tailed kittentails
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Moist forest slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Moist forest slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. major – tailed kittentails
• ssp. missurica – mountain kittentail
• ssp. stellata – starry tailed kittentails
Veronica officinalis – Paul's betony, common speedwell
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, balds, prairies, ditches, forest edge, lawns, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, balds, prairies, ditches, forest edge, lawns, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Veronica peregrina – purslane speedwell
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout most of Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Swales, wet meadows, stream banks, and other moist places, from the lowlands to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Both native (var. xalapensis) and introduced (var. peregrina) varieties
Flowers: April-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout most of Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Swales, wet meadows, stream banks, and other moist places, from the lowlands to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Both native (var. xalapensis) and introduced (var. peregrina) varieties
Flowers: April-September
Growth Duration: Annual
• var. peregrina – purslane speedwell
• var. xalapensis – purslane speedwell
Veronica persica – bird-eye speedwell, Persian speedwell
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely introduced in much of North America.
Habitat: Lawns and waste ground.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely introduced in much of North America.
Habitat: Lawns and waste ground.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Annual
Veronica polita – gray speedwell
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations in the southeastern counties of Washington; southeastern Washington and adjacent Idaho, also in central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, lawns, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations in the southeastern counties of Washington; southeastern Washington and adjacent Idaho, also in central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, lawns, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Annual
Veronica regina-nivalis – round-leaved kittentails, snow queen
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Forest understory at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Forest understory at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Veronica rubra – red coraldrops, red kittentails
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Open slopes and dry meadows in the lowlands and foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Open slopes and dry meadows in the lowlands and foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Veronica schizantha – fringe-petal kittentails, fringed kittentails
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympics and Cascades mountains foothills of western Washington; Washington to Oregon.
Habitat: Moist ground at mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympics and Cascades mountains foothills of western Washington; Washington to Oregon.
Habitat: Moist ground at mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Veronica scutellata – grass-leaf speedwell, marsh speedwell, skullcap speedwell
Distribution: The northern two-thirds of the temperate zone in North America; also in Eurasia.
Habitat: Wet places, from the lowlands to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: The northern two-thirds of the temperate zone in North America; also in Eurasia.
Habitat: Wet places, from the lowlands to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Veronica serpyllifolia – thyme-leaved speedwell
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist meadows and shores, from the lowlands to the subalpine.
Origin: Both native and introduced
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist meadows and shores, from the lowlands to the subalpine.
Origin: Both native and introduced
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. humifusa – thyme-leaved speedwell
• var. serpyllifolia – thyme-leaved speedwell
Veronica wormskjoldii – American alpine speedwell
Distribution: Both sides of the Cascades in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Montana, Colorado and New Mexico.
Habitat: Moist ground and seeps, mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Both sides of the Cascades in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Montana, Colorado and New Mexico.
Habitat: Moist ground and seeps, mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
