Pinaceae
Pine Family
6 genera
18 species
8 subspecies and varieties
18 species
8 subspecies and varieties
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Abies amabilis – Pacific silver fir
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to northern California.
Habitat: Mostly at 1000-4000 feet elevation in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to northern California.
Habitat: Mostly at 1000-4000 feet elevation in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial
Abies grandis – grand fir
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Vancouver Island, British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Coniferous forests, from sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Cones: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Vancouver Island, British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Coniferous forests, from sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Cones: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Abies lasiocarpa – alpine fir, subalpine fir
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Subalpine to alpine slopes, where commonly in krumholtz form.
Origin: Native
Cones: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Subalpine to alpine slopes, where commonly in krumholtz form.
Origin: Native
Cones: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. bifolia – Rocky Mountain subalpine fir
• ssp. lasiocarpa – subalpine fir
Abies procera – noble fir
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; northern Washington to the Siskiyou Mountains in northern California.
Habitat: Deep forests where there is sufficient moisture, moderate to fairly high elevations.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; northern Washington to the Siskiyou Mountains in northern California.
Habitat: Deep forests where there is sufficient moisture, moderate to fairly high elevations.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial
Larix lyallii – subalpine larch
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to the central Cascades and Wenatchee Mountains in Washington, east to Montana and Alberta.
Habitat: Generally near timberline, preferring north-facing slopes.
Origin: Native
Cones: June-July (cone production)
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to the central Cascades and Wenatchee Mountains in Washington, east to Montana and Alberta.
Habitat: Generally near timberline, preferring north-facing slopes.
Origin: Native
Cones: June-July (cone production)
Growth Duration: Perennial
Larix occidentalis – western larch
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Alberta and Montana.
Habitat: Mountain valleys to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Cones: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Alberta and Montana.
Habitat: Mountain valleys to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Cones: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Picea engelmannii – Engelmann's spruce
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moderate to high elevations in the mountains, mostly where somewhat moist.
Origin: Native
Cones: New cones from June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moderate to high elevations in the mountains, mostly where somewhat moist.
Origin: Native
Cones: New cones from June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. engelmannii – Engelmann spruce
Picea sitchensis – Sitka spruce
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California.
Habitat: Along the coast, from sea level up to about 2,000 feet in moist valleys.
Origin: Native
Cones: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California.
Habitat: Along the coast, from sea level up to about 2,000 feet in moist valleys.
Origin: Native
Cones: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Pinus albicaulis – white-bark pine
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Generally near timberline, preferring south-facing slopes.
Origin: Native
Cones: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Generally near timberline, preferring south-facing slopes.
Origin: Native
Cones: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Pinus contorta – lodgepole pine
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and South Dakota.
Habitat: Dry montane forests, rocky balds, coastal bluffs and sand dunes, and sphagnum bogs.
Origin: Native
Cones: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and South Dakota.
Habitat: Dry montane forests, rocky balds, coastal bluffs and sand dunes, and sphagnum bogs.
Origin: Native
Cones: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. contorta – shore pine
• var. latifolia – lodgepole pine
Pinus monticola – western white pine
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Montana, and Nevada.
Habitat: Moist valleys and drier slopes, near sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Cones: May-June (cones)
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Montana, and Nevada.
Habitat: Moist valleys and drier slopes, near sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Cones: May-June (cones)
Growth Duration: Perennial
Pinus ponderosa – ponderosa pine, western yellow pine
Distribution: Occurring mostly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Baja California, east to the Great Plains.
Habitat: Mostly dry areas in open forests at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Cones: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring mostly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Baja California, east to the Great Plains.
Habitat: Mostly dry areas in open forests at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Cones: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. ponderosa – ponderosa pine, western yellow pine
Pseudotsuga menziesii – Douglas-fir
Distribution: Widely distributed in forested areas on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta and Colorado.
Habitat: Moist to dry areas from sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains, occasionally to timberline.
Origin: Native
Cones: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Widely distributed in forested areas on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta and Colorado.
Habitat: Moist to dry areas from sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains, occasionally to timberline.
Origin: Native
Cones: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. glauca – pino real Colorado, Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir
• var. menziesii – coast Douglas-fir
Tsuga heterophylla – western hemlock
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest and in the northeast counties in Washington; Alaska to California, also in southeastern British Columbia, northern Idaho and western Montana.
Habitat: Moist, deep forests from sea level to middle elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Cones: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest and in the northeast counties in Washington; Alaska to California, also in southeastern British Columbia, northern Idaho and western Montana.
Habitat: Moist, deep forests from sea level to middle elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Cones: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Tsuga mertensiana – mountain hemlock
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Montana.
Habitat: Middle to high elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Cones: June-July (cones)
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Montana.
Habitat: Middle to high elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Cones: June-July (cones)
Growth Duration: Perennial
