Onagraceae
Evening-Primrose Family
12 genera
60 species
12 subspecies and varieties
60 species
12 subspecies and varieties
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Index to genera:
Camissonia, Chamaenerion, Chylismia, Circaea, Clarkia, Epilobium, Eremothera, Gayophytum, Ludwigia, Neoholmgrenia, Oenothera, TaraxiaCamissonia contorta – contorted pod suncup, twisted suncup
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to Baja California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Sandy soil along the coast and along inland rivers.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to Baja California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Sandy soil along the coast and along inland rivers.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Camissonia parvula – Lewis river suncup
Distribution: Disjunct in south-central Washington, where occurring east of the Cascades crest; otherwise southeastern Oregon to southern California, east to Carbon County, Montana and Colorado.
Habitat: Open to disturbed grasslands, sandy areas, sagebrush, and scrub forest.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Disjunct in south-central Washington, where occurring east of the Cascades crest; otherwise southeastern Oregon to southern California, east to Carbon County, Montana and Colorado.
Habitat: Open to disturbed grasslands, sandy areas, sagebrush, and scrub forest.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Camissonia pusilla – little suncup
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington. north-central Washington to California, east to southern Idaho and Utah.
Habitat: Dry, sandy slopes in sagebrush desert.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington. north-central Washington to California, east to southern Idaho and Utah.
Habitat: Dry, sandy slopes in sagebrush desert.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Chamaenerion angustifolium – fireweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Atlantic Coast; circumboreal.
Habitat: Open areas, sea level to subalpine, especially in burned and other naturally disturbed areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Atlantic Coast; circumboreal.
Habitat: Open areas, sea level to subalpine, especially in burned and other naturally disturbed areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Chamaenerion latifolium – alpine fireweed, broad-leaf fireweed
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympic Mountains and on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and eastern Canada; circumboreal.
Habitat: Subalpine to alpine river bars, gravelly stream banks, snowmelt areas, and seasonally drier slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympic Mountains and on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and eastern Canada; circumboreal.
Habitat: Subalpine to alpine river bars, gravelly stream banks, snowmelt areas, and seasonally drier slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Chylismia scapoidea – naked-stemmed beeblossom
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central Washington, where disjunct from the main range of the species; central Oregon to Nevada, east to Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico, disjunct in central Washington.
Habitat: Dry slopes and flats in sagebrush desert.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central Washington, where disjunct from the main range of the species; central Oregon to Nevada, east to Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico, disjunct in central Washington.
Habitat: Dry slopes and flats in sagebrush desert.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
• ssp. brachycarpa – short-fruited beeblossom
Circaea alpina – enchanter's nightshade
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Cool, damp woods, low to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Cool, damp woods, low to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. alpina – dwarf enchanter's nightshade
• ssp. pacifica – Pacific enchanter's nightshade
Clarkia amoena – yellow clarkia, arewell-to-spring, farewell-to-spring
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Dry, open to wooded areas, at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Dry, open to wooded areas, at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Clarkia gracilis – slender godetia
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Fairly dry, open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Fairly dry, open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Annual
• ssp. gracilis – slender godetia
Clarkia pulchella – deer horn, pink fairies, ragged robin
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to South Dakota.
Habitat: Dry, open slopes, low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to South Dakota.
Habitat: Dry, open slopes, low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Clarkia purpurea – purple godetia
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest and along the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Dry, open ground and grasslands, often at the edge of vernal pools.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest and along the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Dry, open ground and grasslands, often at the edge of vernal pools.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
• ssp. quadrivulnera – four-spot
Clarkia purpurea ssp. viminea – twiggy clarkia
Distribution: Known historically (1893) from west of the Cascades crest in Clark County of southwestern Washington; southwestern Washington to California.
Habitat: Grassy or rocky slopes and flats.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Known historically (1893) from west of the Cascades crest in Clark County of southwestern Washington; southwestern Washington to California.
Habitat: Grassy or rocky slopes and flats.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Annual
Clarkia rhomboidea – common clarkia, diamond fairyfan
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southeastern British Columbia to California and Arizona, east to Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, often sandy soil in forest openings at low to moderate elevtions.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southeastern British Columbia to California and Arizona, east to Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, often sandy soil in forest openings at low to moderate elevtions.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Epilobium anagallidifolium – alpine willow-herb, pimpernel willow-herb
Distribution: Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also in northeastern North America; circumboreal.
Habitat: Subalpine to alpine slopes and meadows, seeps, stream banks, and damp gravel.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also in northeastern North America; circumboreal.
Habitat: Subalpine to alpine slopes and meadows, seeps, stream banks, and damp gravel.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium brachycarpum – autumn willow-herb, tall annual willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, and Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Common in dry, open meadows and grasslands to lightly wooded areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, and Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Common in dry, open meadows and grasslands to lightly wooded areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Epilobium campestre – smooth willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Mud flats, vernal pools.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Mud flats, vernal pools.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Epilobium ciliatum – ciliate willow-herb, Watson's willow-herb
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington. Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist soil from lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington. Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist soil from lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium clavatum – talus willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Alberta, Montana and Colorado.
Habitat: Moist meadows and talus slopes in the mountains, subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Alberta, Montana and Colorado.
Habitat: Moist meadows and talus slopes in the mountains, subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium densiflorum – dense-flower willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; Vancouver Island, British Columbia to Baja California, east to Montana, Utah, and Arizona.
Habitat: Moist to seasonally moist meadows, springs, shores, riparian zones, slopes, roadsides, and ditches.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; Vancouver Island, British Columbia to Baja California, east to Montana, Utah, and Arizona.
Habitat: Moist to seasonally moist meadows, springs, shores, riparian zones, slopes, roadsides, and ditches.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Epilobium glaberrimum – smooth willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Wet places at mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Wet places at mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium glandulosum – ciliate willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also across southern Canada and the northern U.S. to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist meadows and riparian areas from coastal elevations to subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also across southern Canada and the northern U.S. to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist meadows and riparian areas from coastal elevations to subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium hallianum – glandular willow-herb, Hall's willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Moist to wet areas from montane to alpine habitats.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Moist to wet areas from montane to alpine habitats.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium hirsutum – codlins-and-cream, fiddle grass, great willow-herb, hairy willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Oregon; also in upper central and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Garden escape in wet areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Oregon; also in upper central and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Garden escape in wet areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium hornemannii – Hornemann's willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains; also in eastern North America; circumboreal.
Habitat: Wet rocky areas and streambanks, low to subalpine elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains; also in eastern North America; circumboreal.
Habitat: Wet rocky areas and streambanks, low to subalpine elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. hornemannii – Hornemann's willow-herb
Epilobium lactiflorum – white-flower willow-herb
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also in eastern North America; circumboreal.
Habitat: Mesic to wet meadows, stream banks, and talus, from middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also in eastern North America; circumboreal.
Habitat: Mesic to wet meadows, stream banks, and talus, from middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium leptocarpum – slender-fruit willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Alberta and Idaho.
Habitat: Damp rocky slopes and ledges, shores, and wet meadow margins.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Alberta and Idaho.
Habitat: Damp rocky slopes and ledges, shores, and wet meadow margins.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium leptophyllum – bog willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Montana; also in eastern North America, where native.
Habitat: Peatlands, marshes, and wet meadows.
Origin: Introduced from eastern North America
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Montana; also in eastern North America, where native.
Habitat: Peatlands, marshes, and wet meadows.
Origin: Introduced from eastern North America
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium luteum – yellow willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Alberta.
Habitat: Stream banks and wet areas at mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Alberta.
Habitat: Stream banks and wet areas at mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium minutum – California willow-herb, chaparral willow-herb, small-flowered willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Montana, Utah, and Arizona.
Habitat: Dry or gravelly soil, sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Montana, Utah, and Arizona.
Habitat: Dry or gravelly soil, sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Epilobium mirabile – Olympic Mountain willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in the Olympic and North Cascades mountains in Washington; southern British Columbia to northern Washington, east to Alberta.
Habitat: Wet to dry scree, talus, steep slopes, often limy, from subalpine to alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in the Olympic and North Cascades mountains in Washington; southern British Columbia to northern Washington, east to Alberta.
Habitat: Wet to dry scree, talus, steep slopes, often limy, from subalpine to alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium oregonense – Oregon willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Arizona.
Habitat: Streambanks, bogs, and wet meadows from moderate elevations in mountains to alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Arizona.
Habitat: Streambanks, bogs, and wet meadows from moderate elevations in mountains to alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium palustre – marsh willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska east to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, Great Lakes region, and the Atlantic coast;.
Habitat: Wet soil, often in bogs.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska east to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, Great Lakes region, and the Atlantic coast;.
Habitat: Wet soil, often in bogs.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium torreyi – brook willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washingtpn; southwestern British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Places that are soggy with standing water in winter and spring, drying in summer.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washingtpn; southwestern British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Places that are soggy with standing water in winter and spring, drying in summer.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Eremothera boothii – Booth's evening-primrose, Booth's mooncup
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest and in the east end of the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; eastern Washington to California, east to Idaho, Utah, and Arizona.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert on dry rocky slopes, loose soil, sand or ash, sometimes along roadsides.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest and in the east end of the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; eastern Washington to California, east to Idaho, Utah, and Arizona.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert on dry rocky slopes, loose soil, sand or ash, sometimes along roadsides.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
• ssp. boothii – Booth's evening primrose, Booth's mooncup
Eremothera minor – small-flowered evening-primrose, green river suncup
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where disjunct; southeastern Oregon to California, east to south-central Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert, often where vernally moist
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where disjunct; southeastern Oregon to California, east to south-central Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert, often where vernally moist
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Eremothera pygmaea – dwarf suncup
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades in Washington; central Washington to southeastern Oregon, east to southwestern Idaho.
Habitat: Rocky or sandy slopes, talus, gravel washes, and disturbed areas in sagebrush desert.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades in Washington; central Washington to southeastern Oregon, east to southwestern Idaho.
Habitat: Rocky or sandy slopes, talus, gravel washes, and disturbed areas in sagebrush desert.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Gayophytum decipiens – deceptive groundsmoke
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; north-central Washington to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado.
Habitat: Rocky ridges and slopes, meadows, and flats from sagebrush desert to ponderosa pine forest openings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; north-central Washington to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado.
Habitat: Rocky ridges and slopes, meadows, and flats from sagebrush desert to ponderosa pine forest openings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Gayophytum diffusum – spreading groundsmoke
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Dry meadows and open slopes, from lowlands to near timberline.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Dry meadows and open slopes, from lowlands to near timberline.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Gayophytum heterozygum – zigzag groundsmoke
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Nevada.
Habitat: Forest openings at low to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Nevada.
Habitat: Forest openings at low to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Gayophytum humile – dwarf groundsmoke
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana and Wyoming; also known from South America.
Habitat: Open areas at low to middle elevations where soil is seasonally wet.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana and Wyoming; also known from South America.
Habitat: Open areas at low to middle elevations where soil is seasonally wet.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Gayophytum racemosum – black-foot groundsmoke, racemose groundsmoke
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Open slopes, often where moist early, from the foothills to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Open slopes, often where moist early, from the foothills to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Gayophytum ramosissimum – pinyon groundsmoke
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California and Arizona, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Dry foothills and valleys to the lower mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California and Arizona, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Dry foothills and valleys to the lower mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Ludwigia hexapetala – false loosestrife, water primrose
Distribution: Scattered locations throughout Washington; along Columbia River near Portland, OR, introduced in much of North America.
Habitat: Swamps, lakes, and streams.
Origin: Introduced from South America
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Scattered locations throughout Washington; along Columbia River near Portland, OR, introduced in much of North America.
Habitat: Swamps, lakes, and streams.
Origin: Introduced from South America
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Ludwigia palustris – marsh primrose-willow, water purslane
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and along the Columbia River in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to Idaho, east across the southwestern U.S. and southern Great Plains to eastern North America; also occurring in New World Tropics and Eurasia.
Habitat: Lakes, marshes, peatlands, shores, and wet meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and along the Columbia River in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to Idaho, east across the southwestern U.S. and southern Great Plains to eastern North America; also occurring in New World Tropics and Eurasia.
Habitat: Lakes, marshes, peatlands, shores, and wet meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Ludwigia peploides – floating primrose-willow
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in King County in Washington; otherwise northern Oregon to California, east across the southwestern U.S. and southern Great Plains to eastern North America.
Habitat: Noxious; ponds, slow streams, and sloughs.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in King County in Washington; otherwise northern Oregon to California, east across the southwestern U.S. and southern Great Plains to eastern North America.
Habitat: Noxious; ponds, slow streams, and sloughs.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. montevidensis – floating primrose-willow
Neoholmgrenia andina – blackfoot river suncup, obscure suncup
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Dry hillsides and sagebrush scablands to the ponderosa pine forests of the foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Dry hillsides and sagebrush scablands to the ponderosa pine forests of the foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Neoholmgrenia hilgardii – Hilgard's suncup
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Okanogan County to Klickitat County, Washington, and historic (1919) in Multanomah County, Oregon.
Habitat: Sagebrush deserts.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Okanogan County to Klickitat County, Washington, and historic (1919) in Multanomah County, Oregon.
Habitat: Sagebrush deserts.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Oenothera biennis – King's-cureall
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Meadows and stream banks, from the plains to the lower mountains, typically where disturbed.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Biennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Meadows and stream banks, from the plains to the lower mountains, typically where disturbed.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Biennial
Oenothera cespitosa
Distribution: Occuring sporadically throughout central and eastern Washington; widespread throughout much of western U.S. and central Canada.
Habitat: Talus slopes, road cuts, and dry hills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occuring sporadically throughout central and eastern Washington; widespread throughout much of western U.S. and central Canada.
Habitat: Talus slopes, road cuts, and dry hills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. cespitosa – butte primrose, fragrant evening primrose, rock rose
• ssp. marginata – fragrant evening-primrose
Oenothera curtiflora – small-flowered gaura, velvet weed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; south-central Washington to eastern Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona, east to North Dakota,, Iowa, and Louisiana; introduced in California and the eastern U.S., South America, Asia, and Australia.
Habitat: Meadows, stream banks, roadsides, sandy or rocky slopes, often where disturbed.
Origin: Introduced from the central U.S.
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; south-central Washington to eastern Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona, east to North Dakota,, Iowa, and Louisiana; introduced in California and the eastern U.S., South America, Asia, and Australia.
Habitat: Meadows, stream banks, roadsides, sandy or rocky slopes, often where disturbed.
Origin: Introduced from the central U.S.
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Oenothera elata – Hooker's evening primrose
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and southern Great Plains in the U.S.
Habitat: Sagebrush hills to mid elevations in the mountains, generally where moist.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and southern Great Plains in the U.S.
Habitat: Sagebrush hills to mid elevations in the mountains, generally where moist.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Oenothera flava – long-tubed evening primrose
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest, where known historically from the south-central area. Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains.
Habitat: Hard-packed soil in swales or around vernal pools in the plains and lower foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest, where known historically from the south-central area. Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains.
Habitat: Hard-packed soil in swales or around vernal pools in the plains and lower foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Oenothera glazioviana – red-sepal evening-primrose
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California; also in scattered locations in the eastern U.S.
Habitat: Disturbed soil.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Biennial
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California; also in scattered locations in the eastern U.S.
Habitat: Disturbed soil.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Biennial
Oenothera pallida – pale evening-primrose
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Arizona, east to the Rocky Mountains and Texas.
Habitat: Dry, sandy or gravelly soil, commonly on dunes at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July (September-October)
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Arizona, east to the Rocky Mountains and Texas.
Habitat: Dry, sandy or gravelly soil, commonly on dunes at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July (September-October)
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
• ssp. pallida – pale evening primrose
Oenothera villosa – common evening primrose
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, shores, riparian zones, ditches, disturbed ground.
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Biennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, shores, riparian zones, ditches, disturbed ground.
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Biennial
• ssp. strigosa – hairy common evening primrose
Taraxia subacaulis – long-leaf evening-primrose
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades in Washington; Washington to California, east to Montana and Colorado.
Habitat: Meadows, benchland, and stream banks, from sagbrush plains to moderate elevations in the mountains, usually where dry by late summer.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades in Washington; Washington to California, east to Montana and Colorado.
Habitat: Meadows, benchland, and stream banks, from sagbrush plains to moderate elevations in the mountains, usually where dry by late summer.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Taraxia tanacetifolia – tansy-leaf evening-primrose
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada
Habitat: Dry, often sandy or gravelly ground, low to moderate elevations
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada
Habitat: Dry, often sandy or gravelly ground, low to moderate elevations
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
