Melanthiaceae
False-Hellebore Family
5 genera
13 species
6 subspecies and varieties
13 species
6 subspecies and varieties
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Anticlea elegans – glaucous death-camas
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon and Nevada, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Meadow, open forests and rocky slopes, mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon and Nevada, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Meadow, open forests and rocky slopes, mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Anticlea occidentalis – bronze bells, mission bells, western featherbells
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Idaho, and Montana.
Habitat: Wet cliffs, moist meadows and scree, mostly at middle to high elevations, but down to near sea level in the Olympic Peninsula and the Columbia River Gorge.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Idaho, and Montana.
Habitat: Wet cliffs, moist meadows and scree, mostly at middle to high elevations, but down to near sea level in the Olympic Peninsula and the Columbia River Gorge.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Toxicoscordion paniculatum – sand corn, panicled death-camas
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; north-central Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Grassy slopes, sagebrush desert, and ponderosa or lodgepole pine forest openings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; north-central Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Grassy slopes, sagebrush desert, and ponderosa or lodgepole pine forest openings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Toxicoscordion venenosum – meadow death-camas, deadly zygadene
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Grasslands, balds, prairies, and ponderosa pine forest openings, from the coast to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Grasslands, balds, prairies, and ponderosa pine forest openings, from the coast to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. gramineum – common death-camas, grassy death-camas
• var. venenosum – coastal death-camas, common death-camas
Trillium albidum – giant trillium, sessile trillium
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Moist forests, oak-ash woodlands, thickets, and fields at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Moist forests, oak-ash woodlands, thickets, and fields at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. parviflorum – small-flowered trillium
Trillium crassifolium – thick-leaved trillium, thick-leaved wake-robin
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the Wenatchee Mountains and in the Blue Mountains; central Washington, and in Idaho eastern Oregon.
Habitat: Open woods, vegetated rock outcrops.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the Wenatchee Mountains and in the Blue Mountains; central Washington, and in Idaho eastern Oregon.
Habitat: Open woods, vegetated rock outcrops.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Trillium ovatum – western trillium, white trillium
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Open to dense moist forests at low to mid-elevations, often where boggy in the spring.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Open to dense moist forests at low to mid-elevations, often where boggy in the spring.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Trillium petiolatum – purple trillium, purple wake-robin
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to northeastern Oregon, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Stream banks, moist meadows, forest edge, and thickets at low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to northeastern Oregon, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Stream banks, moist meadows, forest edge, and thickets at low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Trillium stenosepalum – western white trillium, western wake-robin
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington; south-central British Columbia and southwestern Alberta to central Idaho and western Montana, disjunct in Wyoming and Colorado.
Habitat: Moist woods.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington; south-central British Columbia and southwestern Alberta to central Idaho and western Montana, disjunct in Wyoming and Colorado.
Habitat: Moist woods.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Veratrum californicum – California false hellebore
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moist meadows and woodlands, lowlands to subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moist meadows and woodlands, lowlands to subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. californicum – skunk cabbage, California wild hellebore
• var. caudatum – skunk cabbage, tailed wild hellebore
Veratrum insolitum – siskiyou wild hellebore
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; south-central Washington to northern California.
Habitat: Open prairies to thickets, and forested or open rocky slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July - September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; south-central Washington to northern California.
Habitat: Open prairies to thickets, and forested or open rocky slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July - September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Veratrum viride – American false hellebore, green false hellebore, Indian-poke
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout the forest and mountainous areas of Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the northern Rocky Mountains; eastern North America from Alabama to Newfoundland.
Habitat: Moist meadows and woodlands, lowlands to subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout the forest and mountainous areas of Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the northern Rocky Mountains; eastern North America from Alabama to Newfoundland.
Habitat: Moist meadows and woodlands, lowlands to subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. eschscholzianum – American wild hellebore
Xerophyllum tenax – beargrass, western turkeybeard
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the northern Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Open woods and clearings, from near sea level on the Olympic Peninsula to high elevations in the Rockies.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the northern Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Open woods and clearings, from near sea level on the Olympic Peninsula to high elevations in the Rockies.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
