Asteraceae - Burke Herbarium Image Collection

Burke Herbarium Image Collection

Vascular Plants, Macrofungi, & Lichenized Fungi of Washington

Vascular Plants » Dicots » Asteraceae :

Asteraceae

Aster Family

Synonyms:

Compositae [HC]

129 genera
426 species
120 subspecies and varieties

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Index to genera:

Achillea, Adenocaulon, Ageratina, Agoseris, Ambrosia, Anaphalis, Anisocarpus, Antennaria, Anthemis, Arctium, Arnica, Artemisia, Askellia, Baccharis, Balsamorhiza, Bellis, Bidens, Blepharipappus, Boltonia, Brickellia, Cacaliopsis, Calendula, Canadanthus, Carduus, Carthamus, Centaurea, Centromadia, Chaenactis, Chondrilla, Chrysothamnus, Cichorium, Cirsium, Columbiadoria, Conyza, Coreopsis, Cota, Cotula, Crepis, Crocidium, Crupina, Cyclachaena, Dieteria, Doronicum, Eatonella, Echinops, Erechtites, Ericameria, Erigeron, Eriophyllum, Eucephalus, Eurybia, Euthamia, Eutrochium, Filago, Gaillardia, Galinsoga, Gamochaeta, Gnaphalium, Grindelia, Guizotia, Gutierrezia, Helenium, Helianthella, Helianthus, Hemizonella, Heterotheca, Hieracium, Hulsea, Hymenopappus, Hypochaeris, Inula, Ionactis, Iva, Jacobaea, Jaumea, Lactuca, Lagophylla, Lapsana, Lasthenia, Layia, Leontodon, Leucanthemum, Logfia, Luina, Lygodesmia, Madia, Matricaria, Mauranthemum, Micropus, Microseris, Mycelis, Nabalus, Nestotus, Nothocalais, Onopordum, Oreostemma, Packera, Petasites, Picris, Pleiacanthus, Pseudognaphalium, Psilocarphus, Pyrrocoma, Rainiera, Ratibida, Rhaponticum, Rigiopappus, Rudbeckia, Saussurea, Senecio, Sericocarpus, Silybum, Solidago, Soliva, Sonchus, Stenotus, Stephanomeria, Symphyotrichum, Tanacetum, Taraxacum, Tetradymia, Tonestus, Townsendia, Tragopogon, Tripleurospermum, Tussilago, Uropappus, Wyethia, Xanthium

Achillea millefolium – milfoil, yarrow
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Atlantic Coast; circumboreal
Habitat: Common in open, dry to somewhat moist areas from low to high elevations; tolerant of disturbance.
Origin: Both native and introduced populations
Flowers: February-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Achillea ptarmica – pearl yarrow
Distribution: Reported from Washington but no specimens seen; Alaska to Oregon, east in scattered locations across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas where occasinally escaping from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial

Adenocaulon bicolor – pathfinder, trailplant
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east the northern Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, and Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Moist, shady woods at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Ageratina occidentalis – western boneset, western snakeroot
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Montana, Utah, and Nevada.
Habitat: Rocky places at various altitudes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Agoseris apargioides – seaside agoseris
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington along the outer coast. Washington to California.
Habitat: Coastal dunes and beach heads.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. maritima – seaside agoseris

Agoseris aurantiaca – orange agoseris
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, and Quebec.
Habitat: Meadows and forest openings at from middle elevations to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. aurantiaca – orange agoseris, slender agoseris

• var. carnea – pink agoseris

Agoseris ×elata – tall agoseris, tall goat-chicory
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; south-central British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Meadows and open woods, from the valleys to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Agoseris glauca – pale agoseris, short-beaked agoseris
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, and Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Open forests and open areas, from low to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. dasycephala – pale agoseris, pale goat-chicory

• var. glauca

Agoseris grandiflora – large-flowered agoseris
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Prairies, balds, meadows, and forest openings, often where seasonally dry, from low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. grandiflora – large flowered agoseris, large flower goat-chicory

• var. leptophylla – Puget Sound agoseris

Agoseris heterophylla – annual agoseris
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Arizona.
Habitat: Dry, open areas at low to mid-elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Annual

• var. heterophylla

Agoseris monticola – mountain agoseris, Sierra Nevada agoseris
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Nevada.
Habitat: Mesic meadows in the subalpine and alpine, often in soils of volcanic origin.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Agoseris retrorsa – spear leaved agoseris, spear leaf goat-chicory
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Nevada, Utah, and Arizona.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert, grassy slopes, and ponderosa pine forest openings at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Ambrosia acanthicarpa – flat spine bur-ragweed, annual bursage, bur ragweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to the Great Plains.
Habitat: Sandy soils, dunes, and other well-drained soils in open areas at low to middle elevations, often locally common.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Annual

Ambrosia artemisiifolia – annual ragweed, common ragweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, pastures, wastelots, and other dry, disturbed, open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from eastern North America
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Annual

Ambrosia chamissonis – silver beachweed, beach bur, cutleaf beach bur, silver bur-ragweed
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the marine coastline beaches in Washington; British Columbia, south along the coast, to California.
Habitat: Common on sandy beaches above high tide level.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Ambrosia psilostachya – perennial ragweed, western ragweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Ambrosia trifida – giant ragweed
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed sites, often where moist.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Annual

Anaphalis margaritacea – pearly everlasting
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast except for extreme southeastern U.S.
Habitat: Dry to somewhat moist open areas, from low elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Anisocarpus madioides – woodland tarplant, woodland tarweed
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; Southern British Columbia to southern California.
Habitat: Open woods and woodland edge, and thickets.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Antennaria alpina – alpine pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring in the North Cascades Mountains in Washington; Alaska to Washington, Montana, and Wyoming, east across Canada; circumboreal.
Habitat: Alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Antennaria anaphaloides – tall pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia, including southern Vancouver Island, to Oregon, east to Sasketchewan, Montana, Colorado, and Nevada.
Habitat: Grassy hillsides, open woodlands, and ponderosa pine forest openings from the foothills to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Antennaria corymbosa – flat topped pussytoes, meadow pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Streamsides, willow thickets and moist meadows in subalpine and alpine areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Antennaria dimorpha – cushion pussytoes, low pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and Nebraska.
Habitat: Dry, open places in sagebrush desert to ponderosa pine forest openings, often on lithosol.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial

Antennaria flagellaris – stoloniferous pussytoes, whip pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho, Wyoming, South Dakota, and Nevada.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert to dry, open areas at middle elevations, often in lithosol.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Antennaria geyeri – Geyer's pussytoes, pinewoods pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southern Washington; southern Washington to California, east to Nevada.
Habitat: Rocky slopes with ash, sand, or pumice soils, lithosols, and open forest.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Antennaria howellii – Howell's pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Rocky or sandy slopes, dry to moist grasslands, and forest openings at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. howellii – Howell's pussytoes

• ssp. neodioica – northern pussytoes

Antennaria lanata – woolly pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Dry or moist subalpine to alpine meadows, rocky slopes, and ridges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Antennaria luzuloides – silvery-brown pussytoes, woodrush pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and South Dakota.
Habitat: Sagebrush grasslands at low elevations to dry, rocky slopes at middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. luzuloides – silvery brown pussytoes, woodrush pussytoes

Antennaria media – alpine pussytoes, Rocky Mountain pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains; circumboreal
Habitat: On rocky slopes and ridges, and in talus and pumice, from subalpine to alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Antennaria microphylla – little-leaf pussytoes, rosy pussytoes, white pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, but more common east of the crest; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and eastern Canada.
Habitat: Dry to moist habitats, including meadows, ponderosa pine forest openings, rocky slopes, and floodplains from the lowlands to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Antennaria monocephala – pygmy pussytoes, single-headed pussytoes
Distribution: Reported from the North Cascades in Washington; Alaska to British Columbia, east to Alberta, Montana, and Wyoming; also in the Russian Far East.
Habitat: Alpine meadows, ridges, and rocky outcroppings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Antennaria parvifolia – little-leaf pussytoes, Nuttall's pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, and Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Meadows, open forest, gravelly slopes, and sandy flats from the lowlands middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Antennaria pulcherrima – showy pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Washington, east to the Rocky Mountains, east across Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Streams, wet thickets and meadows, and peatlands from middle elevations to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Antennaria pulvinata – white pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, but more common east of the crest; Yukon Territory to northern Washington, east to Alberta and Montana.
Habitat: Alpine areas where rocky.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Antennaria racemosa – Hooker's pussytoes, raceme pussytoes
Distribution: Widely distributed in mountainous areas on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Montana, and Wyoming.
Habitat: Dry to damp rocky slopes, forest openings, and ledges from low to elevations to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Antennaria stenophylla – narrowleaved pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Nevada, east to central Idaho.
Habitat: Rocky slopes, flats, lithosol areas, and dry grasslands in sagebrush desert.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Antennaria umbrinella – brown-bract pussytoes, umber pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Saskatchewan, Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado.
Habitat: Forest openings at middle elevations to subalpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Anthemis arvensis – corn chamomile, field chamomile
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the northern Great Plains in the U.S, widespread from the midwestern U.S. to eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas generally at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual

Anthemis cotula – mayweed chamomile, stinking chamomile, dogfennel
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed areas generally at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Annual

Arctium lappa – great burdock, greater burdock
Distribution: Known from a few scattered locations in Washington; British Columbia to California, in Montana, east from California to Colorado and Arizona, also across Canadian Great Plains to Great Lakes region and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, ditches, forest openings and edge, wastelots, and other disturbed areas generally at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Arctium minus – common burdock, lesser burdock
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Biennial

Arnica chamissonis – leafy arnica, meadow arnica, narrowleaf arnica, silvery arnica, leafy leapordbane
Distribution: Occurring both sides of the Cascades, including the northeastern corner of Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, east across Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Meadows and wet places from middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Arnica cordifolia – heart-leaf arnica, heart-leaf leopardbane
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, and the Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Light forest understory, openings, and edge, from low elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Arnica discoidea – rayless arnica, rayless leopardbane
Distribution: Occurring in the Cascades Mountains of Klickitat and Skamania counties in Washington; Washington to California, east to Nevada.
Habitat: Forest openings from middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Arnica fulgens – hillside arnica, orange arnica, shining leopardbane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Meadows and open slopes from the foothills to middle elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Arnica gracilis – slender arnica, slender leopardbane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in the mountainous areas in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Alberta, Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Dry, rocky slopes and meadows, from the subalpine to alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Arnica lanceolata – clasping arnica, stream bank arnica
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, including the Olympic Mountains and the northeastern region; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also in northeastern North America.
Habitat: Streambanks, moist woods and meadows from middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. prima – clasping arnica, streambank arnica, streambank leopardbane

Arnica latifolia – broad-leaved arnica, mountain arnica, daffodil leopardbane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Common in forest openings and meadows, and open, rocky areas from middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Arnica longifolia – longleaf arnica, seep spring arnica, spear-leaf leopardbane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Rocky soil in seeps or springs, cliffs, or riverbanks, from middle elevations to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Arnica mollis – cordilleran arnica, hairy arnica, cordilleran leopardbane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Olympic Mountains in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moist meadows from middle elevations to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Arnica nevadensis – Nevada arnica, Sierra arnica, Sierran leopardbane
Distribution: Occurring in the Cascades and Olympic mountains in Washington; Washington to California, east to Nevada.
Habitat: Open, rocky slopes and forest openings in the subalpine and alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Arnica ovata – sticky arnica, sticky-leaf arnica
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Montana and Utah.
Habitat: Rocky places from middle elevations to the subalpine and alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Arnica parryi – Parry's arnica
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Open woods and meadows, from middle elevations to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Arnica rydbergii – Rydberg's arnica, subalpine arnica, subalpine leopardbane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to northern California, east to Alberta and Colorado.
Habitat: Dry meadows and open slopes at high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Arnica sororia – bunch arnica, twin arnica, twin leopardbane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Montana, and Wyoming.
Habitat: From low elevation prairies and grasslands to coniferous forest openings at middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Artemisia absinthium – absinthe, old-man, wormwood
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Artemisia annua – sweet Annie, sweet sagewort, annual wormwood
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations east of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed open places.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Annual

Artemisia arbuscula – dwarf sagebrush, low sagebrush
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Open, dry plains and hills in sagebrush desert.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. arbuscula – little sagebrush, low sagebrush

Artemisia biennis – biennial wormwood
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast, where considered introduced.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, irrigation ditches, streambanks, and other disturbed open areas, especially in sandy soil.
Origin: Native
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial

Artemisia campestris – Pacific sagewort, northern wormwood
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast; also in Eurasia.
Habitat: Open places, often in sandy or rocky soil, from low elevations to alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial

• var. borealis – northern wormwood

• var. scouleriana – Pacific sagewort, Scouler's wormwood

• var. wormskioldii – Columbia Islands sagewort, Wormskiold's wormwood sagewort

Artemisia cana – hoary sagebrush, silver sagebrush
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Meadows and forest openings from low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. bolanderi – Bolander's hairy sagebrush

Artemisia douglasiana – Douglas's mugwort, Douglas's sagewort, Douglas's wormwood
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to California, east to Nevada.
Habitat: Mostly along stream banks and river bottoms.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Artemisia dracunculus – dragon sagewort, tarragon, dragon wormwood
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Great Plains and Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert to ponderosa pine forest openings at middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Artemisia frigida – prairie sagebrush, prairie sagewort
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Washington, east to the Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Dry, open sagebrush plains and foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Artemisia furcata – three-forked mugwort, forked wormwood
Distribution: Occurring in the Cascades and Olympic Mountains of Washington; Alaska to Washington, east to Northwest Territories, Alberta, and Nunavut.
Habitat: Open, rocky ledges and talus slopes in the subalpine and alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Artemisia ludoviciana – western mugwort, prairie sage
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Meadows and open slopes, from the lowlands to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. candicans – gray sagewort

• ssp. incompta – intermediate sagewort, mountain wormwood

• ssp. lindleyana – Lindley's western mugwort, Lindley's prairie sage

• ssp. ludoviciana – western mugwort, Louisiana sagewort, silver wormwood

Artemisia michauxiana – Michaux's mugwort, lemon sagewort, Michaux's wormwood
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta and Wyoming.
Habitat: Rocky places in the mountains at rather high elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Artemisia norvegica – mountain sagewort, boreal wormwood
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Subalpine and alpine areas, typically where moist.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. saxatilis – mountain sagewort

Artemisia rigida – scabland sagebrush, stiff sagebrush
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Dry, rocky places from the plains and foothills to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: September-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Artemisia spiciformis – snowfield sagebrush, spiked sagebrush
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central Washington to California, east to southwestern Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado.
Habitat: Cool, moist slopes, from middle elevations to subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Artemisia stelleriana – dusty miller, old-woman, beach wormwood, Steller's wormwood
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the northeastern coast of the Olympic Peninsula in Washington; native to Alaska, also occurring from the Great Lakes region east to northeastern North America.
Habitat: Coastal dunes and beaches in developed coastal areas, where escaping from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Artemisia suksdorfii – coastal mugwort, Suksdorf's sagewort, coastal wormwood
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Bluffs, beaches, rocky areas, and riverbanks, especially near the coast.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Artemisia tilesii – Aleutian mugwort, Cascade wormwood
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympic and Cascade Mountains of Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Montana, and east across Canada to Quebec.
Habitat: Open rocky or gravelly, wet or dry sites, from middle elevations to the alpine, descending to sea level northward.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Artemisia tridentata – big sagebrush
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Dry plains and foothills to the subalpine, but not in lithosol or alkaline soil.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. tridentata – big sagebrush

• ssp. vaseyana – mountain big sagebrush, Vasey sagebrush

• ssp. wyomingensis – Wyoming sagebrush

Artemisia tripartita – cut-leaf sagebrush, threetip sagebrush
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon and Nevada, east to Idaho and Wyoming.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert and grasslands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. tripartita – cutleaf sagebrush, threetip sagebrush

Artemisia vulgaris – mugwort, lobed wormwood
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Montana, east across Canada to the Great Lakes region and eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Askellia pygmaea – low hawksbeard
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympic and Cascades mountains in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Nunavut and Colorado, also in northeastern Canada; Asia.
Habitat: Talus, scree, moraines, sandy or gravelly slopes, subalpine to alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Baccharis pilularis – chaparral broom, coyote brush
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southern Washington; Washington to California, also in New Mexico.
Habitat: Coastal dunes, bluffs, and thickets.
Origin: Native
Flowers: August-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. consanguinea – chaparral broom

Balsamorhiza ×bonseri – hybrid balsamroot
Distribution: Local in eastern Washington where Balsamorhiza rosea is found
Habitat: Dry, rocky slopes at low elevation
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Balsamorhiza careyana – Carey's balsamroot
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to central Oregon.
Habitat: Open places, but not on lithosol, in the plains, foothills, and lower mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Balsamorhiza careyana × Balsamorhiza hookeri – hybrid balsamroot
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial

Balsamorhiza deltoidea – deltoid balsamroot, Puget balsamroot
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Prairies, open slopes, and forest edge at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Balsamorhiza hookeri – hairy balsamroot, hare's head balsamroot, Hooker's balsamroot
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central Washington; Washington to California, east to western Montana, southern Idaho, and Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, open areas at low to moderate elevations, usually in lithosol (rocky, cobbly soil).
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Balsamorhiza hookeri × Balsamorhiza sagittata – hybrid balsamroot
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; also known from Idaho.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial

Balsamorhiza incana – hoary balsamroot, woolly balsamroot
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the southeastern counties in Washington; southeastern Washington to adjacent Oregon, east through Idaho to Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Mesic meadows and slopes at lower to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Balsamorhiza rosea – rosy balsamroot
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in south-central Washington; south-central Washington to northeastern Oregon.
Habitat: Dry, rocky slopes at low elevation.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial

Balsamorhiza sagittata – arrowleaf balsamroot
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Shrub-steppe, grasslands, and other open areas from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Balsamorhiza serrata – serrrate balsamroot, toothed balsamroot
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in south-central and southeastern Washington; Washington to California, east to Nevada.
Habitat: Rock outcrops and dry, rocky knolls.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Balsamorhiza ×terebinthacea – wormwood balsamroot
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Balsamorhiza ×tomentosa – wooly hybrid balsamroot
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Bellis perennis – English daisy, lawn daisy
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, and in central and eastern U.S.
Habitat: Fields, parks, lawns, balds, wastelots, and other disturbed or cultivated areas, usually where moist.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: March-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Bidens amplissima – Vancouver Island beggar-ticks
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in the northern Puget Trough area in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to King County, Washington.
Habitat: Wetlands, estuaries, pond and stream margins.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Bidens beckii – Beck's water marigold
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Montana, east across Canada to the Great Lakes region and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Lowland ponds and lakes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Bidens cernua – nodding beggar-ticks, bur-marigold
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Stream banks, pond and lake edges, and other wet places at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual

Bidens connata – purplestem beggars-ticks, swamp beggar-ticks
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Idaho and Montana; native from central North America east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Marshes, shorelines and other wet, sunny areas.
Origin: Introduced from eastern North America
Flowers: August-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Bidens frondosa – leafy beggar-ticks, devil's pitchfork, sticktight
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Shores of ponds, lakes, backwater channels, and other wetland areas at low elevations, often where disturbed.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Annual

Bidens tripartita – three-lobed beggar-ticks
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast where native.
Habitat: Wet places, often where disturbed, primarily at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia and eastern North America
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Annual

Bidens vulgata – tall beggar-ticks, western sticktight
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across all but the southwestern U.S. to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Streamsides, ponds, lakes, ditches and other moist to wet waste places.
Origin: Introduced from British Columbia
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Annual

Blepharipappus scaber – blepharipappus, rough eyelashweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to California, east to Idaho and northwest Nevada.
Habitat: Grasslands, open slopes, forest edge, sagebrush desert, and other open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual

Boltonia asteroides – white doll's daisy
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the lower Columbia River in southwestern Washington; southwestern Washington to adjacent northwestern Oregon, otherwise native from the Great Plains to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Lowland flood plains and wet meadows.
Origin: Introduced from central and eastern North America
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. recognita – white doll's daisy

Brickellia grandiflora – tasselflower brickellbush, large flowered tasselflower, large flowered thoroughwort
Distribution: Occasional east of the Cascades in Washington and Oregon.
Habitat: Openings in woods at moderate elevations, sometimes in plains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Brickellia microphylla – small-leaved brickellbush
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to California, east to Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, and Arizona.
Habitat: Dry, rocky foothills, canyons, washes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. microphylla – small-leaved brickellbush, small-leaved brickellia

Brickellia oblongifolia – narrow-leaved brickellbush, narrow-leaved thoroughwort
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Dry, often rocky places from lowland sagebrush desert to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. oblongifolia – narrowleaf brickellia

Cacaliopsis nardosmia – silvercrown luina, tall silvercrown
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Meadows, forest edge, forest openings, and light forest understory from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Canadanthus modestus – few-flowered aster, great northern aster
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in the mountainous areas of Washington; Yukon Territory to Oregon, east to the northern Great Plains and Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Streambanks, pond and lake margins, and moist woods at middle-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Carduus acanthoides – plumeless thistle, spiny plumeless thistle
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington; British Columbia to Washington, also in California, east to the northern Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, and eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Biennial

• ssp. acanthoides

Carduus nutans – musk thistle, nodding thistle
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Carduus pycnocephalus – shore thistle
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington, where known only from Clallam County; Washington to California and Idaho, also in central and eastern U.S.
Habitat: Disturbed, open areas at low elevation.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Annual

• ssp. pycnocephalus – Italian plumeless thistle

Carduus tenuiflorus – slender flowered thistle, winged plumeless thistle
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southwestern Washington; Washington to California, also in the eastern U.S.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Centaurea benedicta – blessed thistle
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual

Centaurea calcitrapa – purple star-thistle, red star-thistle
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to New Mexico, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial

Centaurea cyanus – bachelor's button, garden cornflower
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, meadows, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from the Mediterranean region
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Annual

Centaurea diffusa – diffuse knapweed, tumble knapweed, white knapweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east across much of the U.S. and Canada to northeastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas; noxious.
Origin: Introduced from the eastern Mediterranean region
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial

Centaurea ×gerstlaueri – hybrid knapweed, meadow knapweed, protean knapweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Montana; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, meadows, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Centaurea iberica – Iberian knapweed, Iberian star-thistle
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, also in Wyoming and Kansas.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, dry meadows, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Centaurea jacea – brown knapweed, brownray knapweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also from the Great Lakes region east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, meadows, shores, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Centaurea macrocephala – globe knapweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central Washington to Montana, also in Colorado, and Great Lakes region to northeastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides and meadows.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Centaurea melitensis – tocalote
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia to California and Mexico, east to Texas and eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, meadows, balds, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from the Mediterranean region
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial

Centaurea montana – mountain bluet, mountain cornflower, montane star-thistle
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Montana, Idaho, and Utah, also from Great Lakes region to northeastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, shores, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Centaurea nigra – black knapweed, lesser knapweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, also Great Lakes region east to northeastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Centaurea nigrescens – short fringed knapweed, Tyrol knapweed
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana and Wyoming, also from Great Lakes region east to northeastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Centaurea solstitialis – yellow star-thistle
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, meadows, grassy slopes, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual

Centaurea stoebe – spotted knapweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Forest openings, meadows, fields, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. australis – spotted knapweed

Centaurea trichocephala – featherhead knapweed
Origin: Introduced
Growth Duration: Perennial

Centaurea ×varnensis – hybrid diffuse knapweed, sand knapweed
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Idaho; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial

Centromadia pungens – common spikeweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central and south-central Washington; central Washington to California, where native east to Idaho, Nevada, and Arizona.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open places at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from California
Flowers: July-Sept.
Growth Duration: Annual

• ssp. pungens – common spikeweed, western spikeweed

Chaenactis douglasii – hoary chaenactis, hoary false-yarrow
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert flats and slopes, ponderosa pine forest openings, and meadows near the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial

• var. douglasii – dustymaidens, hoary false yarrow

Chaenactis thompsonii – Thompson's pincushion
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where endemic to the Wenatchee Mountains.
Habitat: Open, usually rocky areas, at middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Chondrilla juncea – hogbite, rush skeletonweed, gum succory
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana; also occurring in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, sagebrush desert, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus – green rabbit-brush
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert to ponderosa pine forest openings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. lanceolatus – sticky-leaf rabbitbrush, yellow rabbitbrush

• ssp. viscidiflorus – sticky flowered rabbitbrush, sticky-leaf rabbitbrush, yellow rabbitbrush

Cichorium intybus – chicory, wild succory
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Cirsium arvense – creeping thistle
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, pastures, prairies, grasslands, wastelots, and other disturbed areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Cirsium brevifolium – Palouse thistle
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern and southeastern Washington; eastern Washington to northeast Oregon and adjacent Idaho.
Habitat: Palouse grassland remnants, dry rocky slopes, and roadsides.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Cirsium brevistylum – clustered thistle, short-styled thistle
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to northern California, east to Montana.
Habitat: Slopes, open forest, and moist meadows from low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial

Cirsium edule – edible thistle
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon.
Habitat: Forest openings and edge, meadows, roadsides, and other open areas at low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial

• var. edule – edible thistle, Indian thistle, Macoun's thistle

• var. wenatchense – Wenatchee thistle

Cirsium hookerianum – Hooker's thistle, white thistle
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington, east to Alberta, Montana, and Wyoming.
Habitat: Moist lowlands, open slopes and fields.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Cirsium inamoenum – Greene's thistle
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to California, east to Idaho, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Grassland, sagebrush desert, and dry rocky slopes from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial

• var. inamoenum – Greene's thistle

Cirsium remotifolium – few-leaf thistle, Pacific fringed thistle, remote-leaved thistle, weak thistle
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Meadows, stream banks, open for, brushy slopes, from low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Cirsium scariosum – elk thistle, meadow thistle
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Wet meadows, moist, sometimes alkaline ground, and forest openings from the foothills to fairly high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Cirsium undulatum – wavy leaf thistle
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Michigan and Texas.
Habitat: Dry hillsides and plains at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Cirsium vulgare – bull thistle, common thistle
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, forest edge, ditches, balds, prairies, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Biennial

Columbiadoria hallii – Columbia River daisy, Hall's goldenweed
Distribution: Occurring in the east end of the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to Oregon.
Habitat: Dry, open or sparsely wooded slopes at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Conyza bonariensis – South American conyza
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; Washington to California, eastward in the southern U.S. to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and disturbed open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from South America
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual

Conyza canadensis – Canadian fleabane, horseweed
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, balds, prairies, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial

Coreopsis grandiflora – bigleaf tickseed
Origin: Introduced

Coreopsis grandiflora × Coreopsis lanceolata
Origin: Introduced

Coreopsis lanceolata – lance-leaved tickseed
Origin: Introduced

Coreopsis tinctoria – calliopsis, Columbia coreopsis
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest and along the lower Columbia River in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Open and disturbed areas at low to mid elevations where seasonally moist.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual

Cota austriaca – Austrian chamomile
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where known from the Pullman area; not known from elsewhere in North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Cota tinctoria – golden chamomile, yellow chamomile
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across the central and northern regions of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Cotula coronopifolia – brass buttons, common brass buttons
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the Puget Sound, outer coast, and lower Columbia River shorelines. Alaska to California, east to Nevada and Arizona, also in northeastern North America.
Habitat: Tidal flats.
Origin: Introduced from South Africa
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Crepis acuminata – long-leaved hawksbeard, tapertip hawksbeard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Dry slopes and forest openings from the foothiils to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Crepis atribarba – slender hawksbeard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Nevada, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Dry slopes, sagebrush, and forest openings from foothills to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Crepis bakeri – Baker's hawksbeard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central Washington; central Washington to California.
Habitat: Dry slopes, sagebrush, and forest openings from the foothills to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Crepis barbigera – bearded hawksbeard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Sagebrush deserts to ponderosa pine forest openings at middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Crepis capillaris – smooth hawksbeard
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas at low elevation.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-November
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial

Crepis intermedia – gray hawksbeard, intermediate hawksbeard, limestone hawksbeard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Open forest, grassland, meadows, rocky or sandy slopes, and ridges from low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Crepis modocensis – low hawksbeard, Modoc hawksbeard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado.
Habitat: Common in shrub-steppe, sagebrush, and conifer forest openings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Crepis nicaeensis – French hawksbeard, Turkish hawksbeard
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to southwestern Oregon, also in western Montana, the Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, pastures, forest openings, and other disturbed areas, often where at least seasonally moist.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual

Crepis occidentalis – western hawksbeard
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains of Canada and the U.S.
Habitat: Dry, open places, mostly in the foothills and plains, but also found in the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Crepis runcinata – dandelion hawksbeard, meadow hawksbeard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southeastern British Columbia to California, east to the Great Plains.
Habitat: Moist to dry meadows, marshes, seeps, shores, riverbanks, often where alkaline, from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. runcinata – dandelion hawksbeard, meadow hawksbeard

Crepis setosa – bristly hawksbeard, rough hawksbeard
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southwestern Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California, also in Montana and eastern U.S.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual

Crepis tectorum – annual hawksbeard, narrow leaf hawksbeard, rooftop hawksbeard
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across the northern regions of the U.S. and Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual

Crocidium multicaule – gold-star, spring-gold
Distribution: Occurring on both sides the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, open areas from low to middle elevations, especially common in sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Annual

Crupina vulgaris – bearded creeper, crupina
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central and southeastern Washington to California, east to adjacent Idaho; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Cyclachaena xanthiifolia – carelessweed, burweed marsh-elder, tall marsh-elder
Distribution: Ocurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Bottomlands and other moist, open, often disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from south-central Canada and the central U.S.
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Annual

Dieteria canescens – hoary-aster
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to southern California, east to the Great Plains.
Habitat: Dry, open places in the plains and foothills, occasionally extending into the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. incana – hoary-aster, tall hoary-aster

Doronicum willdenowii – Willdenow's leopard-bane
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to western Washington.
Habitat: Roadsides and disturbed forest edge at low elevations, where escaping from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Eatonella nivea – white Eatonella, white false tickhead
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, sandy, or volcanic desert areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual

• ssp. ruthenicus – southern globe thistle

Erechtites minimus – Australian burnweed, toothed coast burnweed
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, riverbanks, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Australia
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial

Ericameria bloomeri – Bloomer's goldenweed, rabbitbrush goldenweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, rocky slopes and open woods, from the foothills to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Ericameria greenei – Greene's goldenweed, Greene's heath goldenweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascade crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, rocky slopes and open forests from middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Ericameria nauseosa – common rabbit-brush
Distribution: Chiefly east of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Montana.
Habitat: Dry, open areas from the plains to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: August-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. nana – little rabbitbrush

• var. speciosa – rubber rabbitbrush

Ericameria resinosa – Columbia goldenweed, Columbian heath goldenweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Basalt cliffs and rock crevices in the plains and foothills, extending up to 6000 feet on the east slope of the Cascades.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Erigeron acris – bitter fleabane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America; circumboreal.
Habitat: Meadows, forest openings, and open slopes from middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial

• var. kamtschaticus – Kamchatka bitter fleabane

Erigeron aliceae – Alice's fleabane, Eastwood's fleabane
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in the Olympic Mountains and southward in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Moist to fairly dry, sandy, open areas at middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Erigeron annuus – annual fleabane, eastern daisy fleabane, sweet scabrous fleabane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Utah, not recorded for Montana, also from Great Plains east to the Atlantic.
Habitat: Moist, disturbed areas from the lowlands to middle elevations.
Origin: Native? Introduced in OR, status as a native in BC uncertain
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual

Erigeron aureus – golden fleabane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington, east to Alberta.
Habitat: Exposed rocky areas, cliffs, and ridges in subalpine to alpine areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August.
Growth Duration: Perennial

Erigeron basalticus – basalt fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest where endemic to Kittitas and Yakima counties in Washington.
Habitat: Cliff crevices in rocky canyons.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Erigeron bloomeri – Bloomer's fleabane, scabland fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central and southeastern Washington; central Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, open, rocky areas at low to moderate elevations
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. bloomeri – Bloomer's fleabane, scabland fleabane

Erigeron caespitosus – tufted fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Washington, Idaho, Utah, and Arizona, east to the northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Dry, open, and often rocky places in sagebrush
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Erigeron chrysopsidis – dwarf yellow fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Shrub-steppe to open slopes of forests at middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. chrysopsidis – dwarf yellow fleabane, golden fleabane

Erigeron compositus – cutleaf daisy, dwarf mountain fleabane, fernleaf fleabane, trifid mountain fleabane
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the northern Great Plains, also in northern and eastern Canada.
Habitat: Sandy riverbanks at low elevations to rocky outcrops at mid- to high elevation in the mountains
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Erigeron corymbosus – foothill fleabane, longleaf fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to eastern Oregon, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Open, usually dry places, often among sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Erigeron davisii – Davis's daisy, Davis's fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to northeastern Oregon and adjacent Idaho.
Habitat: Rocky ridges and slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Erigeron disparipilus – Snake River fleabane, white cushion fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the Snake River area in southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to southeastern Oregon, east to southwestern Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, rocky hillsides at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Erigeron divergens
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Great Plains of the U.S.
Habitat: Meadows, grasslands, riverbanks, and forest openings from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial

Erigeron eatonii – Eaton's fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central and southeastern Washington; central Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Grasslands, sagebrush, dry slopes, and forest openings at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. villosus – Eaton's shaggy fleabane

Erigeron elatus – swamp fleabane
Distribution: Reported east of the Cascades crest in north-central Washington; Alaska to Washington, east across Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Wet meadows, edges of ponds, and forested wetlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Erigeron filifolius – Peck's threadleaf fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Idaho, and Utah.
Habitat: Sagebrush plains, dry slopes, and grasslands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Erigeron flettii – Flett's fleabane, Olympic Mt. fleabane
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympic Mountains in Washington, where endemic.
Habitat: Cliffs and other rocky places in the subalpine and alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Erigeron glacialis – glacier fleabane
Distribution: Widely distributed in the mountains throughout Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moist, open areas at mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. glacialis – subalpine fleabane

Erigeron howellii – Howell's fleabane
Distribution: Known only from Skamania County in Washington; Skamania County, WA to Clackamas and Multnomah counties in Oregon.
Habitat: Moist, rocky places in the lowlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Erigeron inornatus – California rayless fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Nevada.
Habitat: Dry slopes and forest openings, often where sandy or rocky.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. inornatus – California rayless fleabane

Erigeron leibergii – Leiberg's fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in In the Wenatchee Mountains of Okanogan, Chelan and Kittitas counties; British Columbia to Washington.
Habitat: Cliffs and rocky places at moderate to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Erigeron linearis – desert yellow daisy, lineleaf fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Dry, open, often rocky areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Erigeron lonchophyllus – short-rayed fleabane, spear-leaved fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northern Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and eastern Canada.
Habitat: Streambanks, bogs, ponds, wet meadows, ditches, gravelly places along roads at middle to high elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Erigeron nivalis – northern daisy
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Rocky soil areas from middle elevations in the mountains to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Erigeron oreganus – Gorge fleabane, Oregon fleabane
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Columbia River Gorge in Washington to adjacent Gorge area in Oregon.
Habitat: Moist shady cliffs and ledges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Erigeron peregrinus – wandering fleabane
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest on the Olympic Peninsula and in the North Cascades; Alaska to Washington, east to Alberta.
Habitat: Low elevation bogs and wetlands, and subalpine and alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. peregrinus – wandering daisy

• var. thompsonii – Thompson's wandering fleabane

Erigeron philadelphicus – Philadelphia fleabane
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist, open forests at low to mid-elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial

• var. glaber – smooth Philadelphia fleabane

• var. philadelphicus – Philadelphia fleabane

Erigeron piperianus – Piper's fleabane
Distribution: Endemic to Washington, where occurring east of the Cascades crest from north-central to south-central Washington.
Habitat: Dry, open places, often in sandy soil among sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Erigeron poliospermus – hairy-seeded daisy, cushion fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to western Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, open, typically rocky areas, often with sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. cereus – Kittitas fleabane

• var. poliospermus – hairy seeded daisy, cushion fleabane

Erigeron pumilus – shaggy fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Great Plains.
Habitat: Open places in the foothills, valleys and plains, often among sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. intermedius – shaggy fleabane

• var. pumilus – shaggy fleabane

Erigeron salishii – Salish fleabane, star peak fleabane
Distribution: Ocurring east of the Cascades crest in the North and Central Cascade Mountains in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to central Washington.
Habitat: Cliffs, ridges, ledges and gravelly slopes at mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Erigeron speciosus – showy daisy, showy fleabane, splendid fleabane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Prairies and forest openings from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Erigeron strigosus – branched fleabane, daisy fleabane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, thickets, forest edge, and other open, disturbed areas from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial

• var. septentrionalis – prairie fleabane

• var. strigosus – branching fleabane, daisy fleabane

Erigeron subtrinervis – three-veined fleabane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moderately dry, open places at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Eriophyllum lanatum – Oregon sunshine, common woolly sunflower
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Dry, open, often rocky areas at low elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. integrifolium – Oregon sunshine

• var. lanatum – common woolly sunflower

• var. leucophyllum – common woolly sunflower

Eucephalus engelmannii – Engelmann's aster
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Nevada, east to Alberta, Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado.
Habitat: Open woods and slopes, from foothills to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Eucephalus glaucescens – Klickitat aster
Distribution: Endemic to the Mt. Adams area on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington.
Habitat: Forest openings and meadows at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Eucephalus ledophyllus – Cascade aster
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; northern Washington to California.
Habitat: Meadows and open woods, from middle elevations in the mountains to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. ledophyllus – Cascade aster

Eucephalus paucicapitatus – Olympic Mountain aster
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympic Mountains in Washington; Vancouver Island, British Columbia to the Olympic Mountains in Washington.
Habitat: Open slopes, from middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Eurybia conspicua – western showy aster
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to the northern Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Open woods, from foothills to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Eurybia integrifolia – thickstem aster
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Dry meadows, open coniferous forests, and riparian areas from middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Eurybia merita – subalpine aster
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, Utah, and the northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Open, mesic or dry, rocky areas in the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Eurybia radulina – rough-leaved aster
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Rocky outcroppings, forest edges and openings at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Eurybia sibirica – arctic aster
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Washington, east to Northwest Territory, Nunavut, Alberta, Idaho, and Montana.
Habitat: Rocky outcroppings, open slopes, and meadows in the subalpine and alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Euthamia graminifolia – fragrant goldenrod, grass-leaved goldenrod
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Oregon, east to Idaho; native from the Great Plains to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Lowland fields, lakeshores, and wastelots.
Origin: Introduced from central and eastern North America
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Euthamia occidentalis – western goldenrod, western goldentop
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains of the U.S.
Habitat: Stream and river banks, lake and pond margins, wetlands, and other moist areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Eutrochium maculatum – spotted Joe-pye weed
Distribution: Known only from Whatcom County in Washington; southern British Columbia to Washington, east across the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Swamps and other moist, open places, from sea level to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. bruneri – Joepyeweed, Joe-pye weed

Filago arvensis – field cottonrose, field filago
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to the northern Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, and Great Lakes region
Habitat: Dry meadows, fields, roadsides, and other disturbed, open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual

Filago vulgaris – German filago
Distribution: Known from lowland northwestern Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, also in the eastern U.S.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual

Gaillardia aristata – blanket flower, great-flowered gaillardia
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon.
Habitat: Dry, open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. parviflora – small flowered galinsoga, gallant soldier

Galinsoga quadriradiata – ciliate galinsoga, shaggy galinsoga, quickweed
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; British Columbia to Washington, east across southern Canada to central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, gardens, wastelots, and other disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Central and South America
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Annual

Gamochaeta ustulata – purple cudweed, spoon-leaf cudweed
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Balds, prairies, fields, and other disturbed open areas at low elevation.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial

Gnaphalium palustre – lowland cudweed, western marsh cudweed
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains.
Habitat: Open areas at low elevations where moist at least in spring.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Annual

Gnaphalium uliginosum – marsh cudweed
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east across the northern Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains to eastern North America.
Habitat: Lake and pond margins, ephemeral pools, and other wet areas, sometimes where disturbed, at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Annual

Grindelia integrifolia – Puget Sound gumweed, Willamette Valley gumweed
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington at low elevations; British Columbia to northern California.
Habitat: Salt marshes, rocky shores along the coast, coastal headlands and bluffs, and various non-maritime habitats in the Puget Trough.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-January
Growth Duration: Perennial

Grindelia nana – Idaho gumweed, low gumweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Montana.
Habitat: Grassland, rocky areas, forest openings, streambanks, and roadsides.
Origin: Native
Flowers: January-December
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. discoidea – Columbia gumweed, rayless gumweed

• var. nana – low gumweed

Grindelia squarrosa – curlycup gumweed, serrate resinweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across southern Canada and most of the United States to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Dry, open, often sandy places, at low to middle elevations, often where disturbed.
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual

• var. serrulata – curlycup gumweed, serrate resinweed

Grindelia stricta – Oregon gumweed
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California.
Habitat: Lowland meadows, balds, marshes, and ditches.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-November
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. stricta

Guizotia abyssinica
Distribution: Eastern portion of Washington; California and scattered areas of central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed sites at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Gutierrezia sarothrae – kindlingweed, matchweed, broom snakeweed
Distribution: East of the Cascades in Washington, chiefly in southeastern part of state; Alberta to Manitoba, south to California and Texas.
Habitat: Dry, open places in the foothills, valleys and plains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Helenium autumnale – common sneezeweed, large flowered sneezeweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Stream banks and other moist, low ground generally at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Helianthella uniflora – Rocky Mountain helianthella
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon and Nevada, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Dry, open woods and meadows from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. douglasii – Douglas helianthella, false sunflower

Helianthus annuus – common sunflower
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and other open areas, often where disturbed, at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native and introduced populations in Washington
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual

Helianthus ciliaris – blueweed
Distribution: Known historically from east of the Cascades crest in Yakima County, where presumably eliminated by herbicide treatment due to it being a noxious weed; California, east across the southwestern U.S. to the southern Great Plains and Illinois.
Habitat: Disturbed, open ground in sagebrush.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Helianthus cusickii – Cusick's sunflower, turniproot sunflower
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Sagebrush, grasslands, dry slopes, and other open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Helianthus nuttallii – Nuttall's sunflower
Distribution: Chiefly east of the Cascades: Western and Mid-western United States and adjacent Canada
Habitat: Meadows and other moist places, low to moderate elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Flowers: July - September
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. nuttallii – cordilleran sunflower, Nuttall's sunflower

Helianthus petiolaris – prairie sunflower
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Dry, open areas, often where disturbed.
Origin: Introduced from the Great Plains
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual

• ssp. petiolaris – prairie sunflower

Helianthus tuberosus – Jerusalem artichoke
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; .Washington, east to the Rocky Mountains, native from the Great Plains to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed areas, where escaping from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from central and eastern North America
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Hemizonella minima – smallhead tarplant, least tarweed, small-head tarweed, smallhead tarweed
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to Montana and Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, open areas in sagebrush, grasslands, and ponderosa pine forest openings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Heterotheca oregona – Oregon goldenaster
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Sand and gravel bars along rivers, low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-Sept.
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. oregona – Oregon goldenaster

Heterotheca villosa – hairy goldaster
Distribution: Widespread in Washington and Oregon, chiefly east of the Cascades; east to Michigan
Habitat: Open, sunny areas, often in sandy soil, low to moderate elevations
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. foliosa – leafy goldenaster

• var. minor – hairy goldenaster, hispid goldenaster

• var. villosa – hairy goldaster, hairy goldenaster

Hieracium albiflorum – white hawkweed, white-flowered hawkweed
Distribution: Widely distributed in forested areas on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and eastern Canada.
Habitat: Open woods from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Hieracium aurantiacum – orange hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across southern Canada and northern U.S; widely distributed throughout eastern U.S.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, pastures, forest edge, wastelots, and other disturbed areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Hieracium caespitosum – meadow hawkweed, yellow king devil
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming; also occurring throughout eastern North America.
Habitat: Moist pastures, forest openings, roadsides, and springs, from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains, usually where disturbed.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Hieracium flagellare – whip hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington, east to Idaho; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, dry meadows, railroads, and other disturbed, open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Hieracium ×floribundum – flowery hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations in lowland western Washington; Washington east to Montana and Wyoming; eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Hieracium glomeratum – yellow devil hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington.
Habitat: Open forest, meadows, disturbed ground, roadsides, stream banks, and gravel pits generally at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Hieracium lachenalii – common hawkweed, English hawkweed, European hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to northern Oregon; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Open forest, fields, shores, wastelots, and other disturbed areas generally at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Hieracium longiberbe – long-bearded hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; south-central Washington to adjacent north-central Oregon; endemic to the Columbia River Gorge.
Habitat: Dry rocky slopes and ledges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Hieracium maculatum – mottled hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; southwestern British Columbia to western Washington.
Habitat: Lawns, railroads, wastelots, and other disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August

Hieracium murorum – wall hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to northern Oregon.
Habitat: Roadsides, open forest, railroads, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Hieracium pilosella – mouse-ear hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon; also in northeastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, dry prairies, quarries, lawns, railroads, and other disturbed, open sites.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Hieracium piloselloides – tall hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to northeastern Oregon.
Habitat: Roadsides, meadows, forest openings, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Hieracium sabaudum – autumn hawkweed, savoy hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Washington; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, sandy fields, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Hieracium scouleri – hound-tongue hawkweed, Scouler's hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Mostly dry places in open woods, from foothills to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Hieracium ×stoloniflorum – forked hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; no other reports from North America.
Habitat: Lawns, roadsides, ditches, and other disturbed areas, where escaping from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Hieracium triste – alpine hawkweed, slender hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains of Canada and the U.S.
Habitat: Meadows and other open places in the mountains, usually at high elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Hieracium umbellatum – narrowleaf hawkweed, umbellate hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Alaska to northwestern Oregon, east across the northern half of North America to the Atlantic Coast; circumboreal.
Habitat: Moist places in thickets and open woods.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Hulsea nana – small alpinegold, small hulsea
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington from Mount Rainier south; central Washington to California (not in northeastern Oregon).
Habitat: Generally around volcanic mountains above timberline.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Hymenopappus filifolius – Columbia cut-leaf, fineleaf hymenopappus
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to the Great Plains.
Habitat: Dry, often sandy places in the foothills and plains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. filifolius – Columbia cutleaf

Hypochaeris glabra – smooth cat's-ear
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, also from Texas to the northeastern U.S.
Habitat: Roadsides, rocky balds, meadows, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low elevations, often where sandy.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual

Hypochaeris radicata – hairy cat's-ear, rough cat's-ear
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, and further east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, grassy balds, prairies, grasslands, lawns, and roadsides.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Inula helenium – elecampane, inula
Distribution: Known in Washington from a single location east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, also in central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Asia
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Ionactis stenomeres – Rocky Mountain ankle-aster, Rocky Mountain aster
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington; southeastern British Columbia to northeastern Washington, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Open hillsides and forest openings, from to fairly high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Iva axillaris – deeproot, poverty weed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, and Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Dry, often alkaline places, in the valleys, plains and foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Jacobaea maritima – silver ragwort
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; southern British Columbia to northwestern Oregon.
Habitat: Coastal bluffs, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Mediterranean region
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Jacobaea vulgaris – tansy ragwort
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Montana; also in northeastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, pastures, forest edges, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Jaumea carnosa – fleshy jaumea, marsh jaumea
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along coastal waters in Washington; British Columbia to southern California.
Habitat: Tidal flats and marshes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Lactuca biennis – tall blue lettuce, wild blue lettuce
Distribution: Yukon Territory to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist places at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual

Lactuca canadensis – Canadian wild lettuce, Florida blue lettuce
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest; Yukon Territory to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, disturbed forest edge, wastelots, and other disturbed places.
Origin: Introduced from central and eastern North America
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial

Lactuca ludoviciana – Louisiana lettuce, prairie lettuce, western lettuce
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations across Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California, east to the Great Lakes region and south-central U.S.
Habitat: Open, disturbed sites, often where moist.
Origin: Introduced from central North America
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Lactuca saligna – least lettuce, willow lettuce
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations in Washington; Washington to California, east across the southwestern U.S. to the central U.S. and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, roadsides, and meadows.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial

Lactuca sativa – garden lettuce
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho; in scattered locations in the central U.S., more commonly distributed in eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, often escaping from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial

Lactuca serriola – prickly lettuce
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, forest edge, wastelots, and other disturbed places.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial

Lactuca tatarica – blue lettuce
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Meadows, thickets, and other moist places at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. pulchella – blue lettuce

Lactuca virosa – great lettuce, tall lettuce, wild lettuce
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland areas in Washington; also in California, Mississippi, and Maryland.
Habitat: Roadsides, ditches, sidewalks, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Biennial

Lagophylla ramosissima – slender hareleaf, common rabbitleaf
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Montana, Idaho, and Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, open areas in sagebrush plains and foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Lapsana communis – common nipplewort
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, but more often west of the crest; Alaska to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed areas including roadsides, wastelots, fields, and forest edge.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Lasthenia glaberrima – smooth goldfields, smooth lasthenia
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; southern Washington to central California.
Habitat: Wet or muddy ground at low elevations, including venral pools.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Lasthenia maritima – maritime goldfields, seaside goldfields
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the coast in Washington; southern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Coastal islands, headlands, and seabird nesting sites.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Lasthenia minor – coastal goldfields
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington, where known from a single collection in Skagit County; central California.
Habitat: Coastal balds and grasslands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: Arpril-May
Growth Duration: Annual

Layia glandulosa – white layia, white daisy tidytips
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho, Utah, Arizona and New Mexico.
Habitat: Dry, open areas from sagebrush desert to low elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual

Leontodon autumnalis – autumn hawkbit
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Idaho and Montana; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, pastures, open fields and other disturbed areas primarily in the lowlands, but also found along roads at alpine elevations in the mountains (e.g., Mt. Baker area).
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Leontodon saxatilis – hairy hawkbit
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, Nevada, and Arizona, also in central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, meadows, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial

• ssp. saxatilis – lesser hawkbit

Leucanthemum ×superbum – Shasta daisy
Distribution: Occurring in lowlands in western Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas where often escaped from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Leucanthemum vulgare – oxeye daisy
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Open, disturbed areas including roadsides, pastures, prairies, grasslands and wastelots.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Logfia gallica – daggerleaf cottonweed
Distribution: Known from east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central Washington, and Willamette Valley Oregon to California.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual

Logfia minima – little cottonrose
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Heaths, sandy soils, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-Sept.
Growth Duration: Annual

Luina hypoleuca – littleleaf luina, silverback luina, littleleaf silverback
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Olympic Mountains in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Open, rocky areas, from moist to somewhat dry, at middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Lygodesmia juncea – rush skeletonplant
Distribution: Known from Spokane County in Washington; southeastern British Columbia to eastern Washington, Idaho and Nevada, east to Great Plains and Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Dry, open places, often in sandy soil, from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Madia citriodora – lemon-scented tarplant, lemon tarweed, lemon-scented tarweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, open hillsides and foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual

Madia elegans – common madia, autumn showy tarweed
Distribution: Occurring chiefly in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; south-central Washington to California.
Habitat: Dry, open places, often becoming a roadside weed.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual

Madia exigua – threadstem madia, little tarplant, little tarweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, but more common east of the crest; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Idaho, and Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, open woods, grasslands, roadsides, and other open areas where often disturbed, from the plains and foothills, occasionally up to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Madia glomerata – mountain tarplant, cluster tarweed, mountain tarweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and across northern U.S. and southern Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Common in dry, open places from sagebrush plains to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual

Madia gracilis – grassy tarplant, common tarweed, slender tarweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Idaho, Nevada, and Utah.
Habitat: Dry, open areas from shrub-steppe to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual

Madia sativa – Chilean tarplant, coast tarweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California.
Habitat: Dry, open places at low elevations, often along roadsides or other disturbed sites.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual

Matricaria chamomilla – wild chamomile, scented mayweed
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east in sporadic occurrences to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed sites.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual

Matricaria discoidea – pineapple weed
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Fields, roadsiides, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Annual

Micropus californicus – cottontop, Q-tips
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; south-central Washington to California.
Habitat: Dry, open areas at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Annual

• var. californicus – cottontop, Q-tips

Microseris bigelovii – coast microseris, coastal silverpuffs
Distribution: Known historically from west of the Cascades crest in the San Juan Islands in Washington, but now considered extirpated; southwestern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Coastal sandy soils, dunes, occasionally in rocky areas, coastal islands, headlands, and bluffs.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual

Microseris borealis – apargidium, bog microseris, northern silverpuffs
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern Alaska to northern California.
Habitat: Sphagnum bogs and wet meadows in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Microseris laciniata – cut-leaved microseris
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Moist meadows and drier slopes from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. laciniata – cutleaf microseris, cut leaved scorzonella

• ssp. leptosepala – cut-leaved silverpuffs, cutleaf silverpuffs

Microseris nutans – nodding microseris, nodding scorzonella, nodding silverpuffs
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Slopes, meadows, flats, and forest openings,often in somewhat moist places, from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Mycelis muralis – wall lettuce
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, but more common west of the crest; British Columbia to Oregon; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual

Nabalus hastatus – western white lettuce, western rattlesnake-root
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Alberta, Idaho, and Montana.
Habitat: Streambanks, forest edge, and moist, shaded places from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Nestotus stenophyllus – narrowleaf goldenweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, rocky soil, often with sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Nothocalais alpestris – alpine lake agoseris
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, mostly from Mt. Rainier south; Washington to California.
Habitat: Open slopes and meadows from middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Nothocalais troximoides – weevil prairie dandelion, false agoseris
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming and Utah.
Habitat: Dry, open areas from and foothills, especially in lithosol.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Onopordum acanthium – cotton thistle, Scotch thistle, Scots thistle
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Noxious weed of dry, open areas and stream banks.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Biennial

• ssp. acanthium – cotton thistle

Oreostemma alpigenum – alpine aster
Distribution: Occurring in the Cascades and Olympic mountains in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Nevada.
Habitat: Alpine meadows, slopes, and rocky areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. alpigenum – alpine aster, tundra mountaincrown

Packera bolanderi – Bolander's groundsel
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southwestern Washington and in the Columbia River Gorge; southern Washington to California.
Habitat: Moist, rocky woodlands, banks, bluffs, and beaches, from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. harfordii – Harford's groundsel, Harford's ragwort

Packera cana – woolly groundsel
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Dry, open, often rocky places, from the foothills to alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Packera contermina – dwarf arctic butterweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington, east to Alberta and Montana.
Habitat: Exposed, rocky places in the alpine to occasionally the subalpine;
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Packera flettii – Flett's groundsel
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympics and Cascades mountains in Washington; Washington to Oregon.
Habitat: Open, rocky places in the alpine, occasionally at middle elevatins, especially on talus slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Packera indecora – rayless mountain butterweed, elegant groundsel
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in northern Washington; Alaska to Washington, and also in California, east to Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and in the Great Lakes Region, also east across Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Damp meadows to stream banks and moist woodlands, from the valleys to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Packera macounii – Puget butterweed, long-rayed groundsel, Macoun's groundsel, Siskiyou Mountain ragwort
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Open woods and dry, open places at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Packera pauciflora – rayless alpine butterweed, rayless alpine groundsel
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to northern Washington, disjunct in California and northwest Wyoming, east to Northwest Territory and Alberta, also in eastern Canada.
Habitat: Alpine and subalpine meadows and moist cliffs.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Packera paupercula – Canadian butterweed, balsam groundsel
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington British Columbia to Washington, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, and eastern North America.
Habitat: Meadows, moist cilffs and woods, from the foothills to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Packera porteri – Porter's groundsel
Distribution: Reported east of the Cascades crest in Okanogan County in Washington; Washington and Oregon, also occurring in Colorado.
Habitat: Talus slopes in the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Packera pseudaurea – streambank butterweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, and central U.S.
Habitat: Wet meadows, stream banks and moist woodlands from middle elevations to the sublpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. pseudaurea – stream bank butterweed, falsegold groundsel

Packera streptanthifolia – Rocky Mountain butterweed, cleftleaf groundsel, Rocky Mountain groundsel
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and Sasketchewan.
Habitat: Moist to moderately dry open areas and forest, from middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Packera subnuda – alpine meadow butterweed, few-leaved groundsel
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Montana, and Wyoming.
Habitat: Wet meadows in the subalpine and alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September.
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. subnuda – cleftleaf groundsel

Petasites frigidus – alpine butterbur, sweet coltsfoot
Distribution: Occurring in forested and mountainous areas throughout Washington; Alaska to California, east across the northern half of North America to the Atlantic Coast; circumboreal.
Habitat: Meadows, swamps, and other wet places, from low elevations to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. frigidus – alpine butterbur, arctic butterbur, sweet coltsfoot

• var. palmatus – western coltsfoot

• var. sagittatus – arrowhead sweet coltsfoot, arrowleaf coltsfoot

• var. ×vitifolius – hybrid coltsfoot, Wenatchee coltsfoot

Petasites japonicus – Japanese sweet coltsfoot
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to Oregon.
Habitat: Forest edge, typically where moist and disturbed; generally escaping from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Asia
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Picris hieracioides – hawkweed ox-tongue
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to Washington; also in eastern North America.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Pleiacanthus spinosus – thorny skeletonweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where known from Yakima County; central Oregon to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Dry, open, generally rocky places at lower elevations.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Pseudognaphalium californicum – California cudweed, California everlasting
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern Washington to Baja California, Mexico.
Habitat: Sandy soils, dunes, coastal canyons and chaparral.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial

Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum – weedy cudweed, red-tip rabbit-tobacco, jersey rabbit tobacco
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east across the southern U.S. to Florida, also in New York.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Annual

Pseudognaphalium macounii – sticky cudweed, winded cudweed, Macoun's rabbit-tobacco, Macoun's rabbit tobacco
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Dry, open areas from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial

Pseudognaphalium stramineum – cotton batting cudweed
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Great Plains of the U.S.; also in scattered states along the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Open, usually moist places, often in disturbed soil.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial

Pseudognaphalium thermale – slender cudweed, northwestern rabbit-tobacco
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana and Utah.
Habitat: Dry, sandy banks and ditches, open woods of ponderosa pine and Douglas fir, and mixed deciduous forests.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Psilocarphus brevissimus – dwarf woolly-marbles
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the northern Great Plains and Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Dried beds of vernal pools.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual

• var. brevissimus – dwarf woollyheads

Psilocarphus elatior – tall woollyheads
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Dried beds of vernal pools and other open, moist places.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Annual

Psilocarphus oregonus – Oregon woollyheads
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Dried beds of vernal pools, and seasonally wet rocky slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Psilocarphus tenellus – slender woollyheads
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Dry or seasonally moist barren or wooded slopes or flats, often on disturbed sites.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-August
Growth Duration: Annual

Pyrrocoma carthamoides – large-flowered goldenweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and Nevada.
Habitat: Open hillsides, meadows and forest openings from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. carthamoides – Columbia goldenweed, rayless goldenweed

• var. cusickii – narrowhead goldenweed

Pyrrocoma hirta – hairy goldenweed, sticky goldenweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central Washington; central Washington, the mountains of northeast Oregon and adjacent Idaho, south to northeast California.
Habitat: Meadows and open or sparsely wooded slopes in the foothills to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. sonchifolia – large sticky goldenweed

Pyrrocoma liatriformis – Palouse goldenweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington; eastern Washington and adjacent Idaho.
Habitat: Grassy hillsides and prairies.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Pyrrocoma scaberula – palouse goldenweed
Distribution: Occurring in the southeastern corner of Washington; southeastern Washington to adjacent Oregon and Idaho.
Habitat: Grasslands and open hillsides at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Rainiera stricta – false silverback
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest from Stevens Pass area south; central Washington to Oregon.
Habitat: Meadows and moist, open hillsides at middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-Septermber
Growth Duration: Perennial

Rhaponticum repens – hardheads, creeping knapweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed dry slopes, meadows, fields, forest openings, and other disturbed, open places from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from central Asia
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Rigiopappus leptocladus – bristlehead, false wireweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in south-central Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, open areas at low elevations; sagebrush and grasslands area
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual

Rudbeckia alpicola – showy black-eyed Susan, Washington showy black-eyed Susan, Wenatchee Mountain showy black-eyed Susan
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where endemic to the Wenatchee Mountains.
Habitat: Thickets, bogs, and along streams in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Rudbeckia hirta – black-eyed Susan
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest; British Columbia to California, east across much of the North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Open meadows and disturbed places.
Origin: Introduced from further east in North America
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual

• var. pulcherrima – black-eyed Susan

Rudbeckia laciniata – green-headed black-eyed Susan, tall black-eyed Susan
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington, otherwise Rocky Mountains east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Streambanks and other moist, disturbed places.
Origin: Introduced from further east in North America
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. ampla – tall black-eyed Susan

Rudbeckia occidentalis – western black-eyed Susan, western chocolate black-eyed Susan
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moist meadows and forest openings at moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Saussurea americana – American sawwort
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympics and Cascades mountains in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east to Alberta, Montana, and Idaho.
Habitat: Meadows and open, often rocky slopes, where moist, at mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Senecio elmeri – Elmer's ragwort
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in central and northern Washington; British Columbia to central Washington.
Habitat: Talus slopes and other rocky places in alpine areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Senecio fremontii – dwarf mountain butterweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Olympic Mountains in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Open, rocky slopes at high elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. fremontii – dwarf mountain groundsel

Senecio hydrophiloides – sweet marsh butterweed, stout meadow groundsel
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Wet meadows in the mountains and foothills, but not in alkali.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Senecio hydrophilus – alkali marsh butterweed, water groundsel, alkali marsh ragwort
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Swampy places in the valleys and foothills; tolerant of alkali.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June- September
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Senecio integerrimus – one-stemmed butterweed, western groundsel
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where widely distributed; British Columbia to California, east to the Great Plains and Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Meadows and seasonally moist open areas from low elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. exaltatus – one-stemmed butterweed, lambs-tongue groundsel, tall western groundsel

• var. ochroleucus – white western groundsel

Senecio lugens – black-tipped groundsel
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Washington, east to the northern Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Wet meadows, grassy alpine slopes, and rich northern woods.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Senecio neowebsteri – Olympic Mountain ragwort
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest, where endemic to the Olympic Mountains of Washington.
Habitat: Talus slopes and rocky places.
Origin: Native
Flowers: Aug.-Sept.
Growth Duration: Perennial

Senecio serra – tall butterweed, butterweed groundsel
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado.
Habitat: Meadows and open, moist hillsides, foothills to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. serra – tall butterweed, butterweed groundsel

Senecio sylvaticus – wood groundsel, woodland groundsel, woodland ragwort
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, forest edge, wastelots, and other disturbed areas at low elevation.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Annual

Senecio triangularis – arrowleaf groundsel, arrowleaf ragwort
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moist places and streambanks from the lowlands to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. triangularis – arrowleaf groundsel, arrowleaf ragwort

Senecio viscosus – sticky ragwort
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington, east across Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual

Senecio vulgaris – common groundsel, old man in the spring
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, waste ground, lawns, and other disturbed, open sites.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: February-September
Growth Duration: Annual

Sericocarpus oregonensis – Oregon white-topped aster
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Grasslands, forest openings, and savanna.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. oregonensis – Oregon white-topped aster

Sericocarpus rigidus – Columbian white-topped aster, Columbian whitetop aster, rigid white-topped aster
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland Washington; southern Vancouver Island to southwest Oregon.
Habitat: Prairies and open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Silybum marianum – milk-thistle
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across Canada and the southwestern U.S. to eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from the Mediterranean region
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial

Solidago altissima – Great Plains goldenrod, late goldenrod
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Introduced from Alaska to California, otherwise native from Great Plains to Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed areas in sagebrush desert.
Origin: Introduced from central and eastern North America
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. altissima – late goldenrod

• ssp. gilvocanescens – Great Plains goldenrod, tall goldenrod

Solidago elongata – Cascade Canada goldenrod, West Coast goldenrod
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Sandy or gravelly open areas or thickets at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Solidago lepida – western Canada goldenrod
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, and east across Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Dry to moist areas in meadows and riparian areas, from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. lepida – western Canada goldenrod

• var. salebrosa – Canada goldenrod, meadow goldenrod, Rocky Mountains Canada goldenrod

Solidago missouriensis – Missouri goldenrod
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; central British Columbia to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, and midwestern U.S.
Habitat: Rather dry, open places, from the valleys and plains to fairly high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Solidago multiradiata – northern goldenrod, Rocky Mountain goldenrod
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona, east to the Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and midwestern U.S.
Habitat: Mountain meadows and open slopes at high elevations
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Solidago simplex – sticky goldenrod
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Open, slightly moist areas from coastal dunes to alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. nana – dwarf goldenrod

• var. simplex – sticky goldenrod

Solidago spathulata – coast goldenrod, dune goldenrod
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southwestern Washington; southwestern Washington to California.
Habitat: Coastal sand dunes and headlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Soliva sessilis – lawn burrweed, common soliva, prickly soliva
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; British Columbia to California, also in south-central and southeastern U.S.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, roadsides, and lawn areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from South America
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: Annual

Sonchus arvensis – field sow-thistle, perennial sow-thistle
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Balds, prairies, forest edge, stream banks, roadsides, fields, and other disturbed open areas generally at low elevations, often where moist.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. arvensis – corn sow-thistle, field sow-thistle, perennial sow-thistle

• ssp. uliginosus – field sow-thistle, marsh sow-thistle, wet ground sow-thistle

Sonchus asper – prickly sow-thistle, spiny leaf sow-thistle
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, but more common west of the crest; Alaska to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Forest edge, balds, prairies, roadsides, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-November
Growth Duration: Annual

• ssp. asper – prickly sow-thistle

Sonchus oleraceus – common sow-thistle
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, but more common west of the crest; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Forest edge, balds, prairies, roadsides, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Annual

Stenotus lanuginosus – woolly goldenweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho, Montana, and Nevada.
Habitat: Open, dry, often rocky places, from sagebrush desert to ponderosa pine forest openings at middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. lanuginosus – woolly goldenweed, woolly stenotus

Stephanomeria exigua – small wirelettuce
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where known from Douglas County; otherwise central Oregon to California, east to Idaho, Colorado, and Texas.
Habitat: Sandy, open sites, often in sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

• ssp. exigua – skeletonplant, small wirelettuce

Stephanomeria paniculata – stiff-branched stephanomeria, stiff-branched wirelettuce
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, open places in the plains and foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual

Stephanomeria tenuifolia – wire lettuce, narrowleaf stephanomeria
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, and Texas.
Habitat: Dry, often rocky places, from the foothills and plains to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Symphyotrichum ×amethystinum – amethyst aster, hybrid aster
Origin: Introduced
Growth Duration: Perennial

Symphyotrichum ascendens – intermountain aster, long-leaved aster, western American aster, western aster
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Meadows, grasslands, and forest openings, often where moist.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Symphyotrichum boreale – northern bog aster, rush aster, slender white aster
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington; Alaska to Washington, east across Canada and the northern U.S. to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Cold bogs.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Symphyotrichum bracteolatum – bracted aster, Eaton's aster, Oregon aster
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Moist to wet sunny places, wet thickets, along streams and ditches
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Symphyotrichum campestre – western meadow aster
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado.
Habitat: Dry to moist forest openings, shorelines, and other open areas from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Symphyotrichum chilense – common California aster, Pacific aster
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Coastal, bluffs, grasslands, open slopes, salt marsh margins, and disturbed ground.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Symphyotrichum ciliatum – alkali American aster, rayless alkali aster, rayless annual aster
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northern Washington; British Columbia to northern Washington, east across Canada and the northern U.S. to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist to dry open forest and meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: August-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Symphyotrichum ×columbianum – hybrid aster
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Symphyotrichum ericoides – heath-leaved aster, tufted white prairie aster
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains, and further east across Canada and most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Open, wet or dry places in the valleys and plains; tolerant of alkali.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. pansum – little gray aster, tufted white prairie aster, white heath aster

Symphyotrichum foliaceum – alpine leafybract aster, Canby's leafybract aster, Cusick's American aster, Cusick's aster, Henderson's aster, Kootenai aster, leafy aster, leafy-bracted aster, Parry's aster
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Open, usually moist areas, low to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Symphyotrichum frondosum – alkali aster, short rayed aster, short-rayed alkali aster
Distribution: British Columbia to California, esat to Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico.
Habitat: Moist, usually saline soil, often along the shores of lakes and ponds, or in vernally moist, alkaline bottoms.
Origin: Native
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial

Symphyotrichum hallii – Hall's aster
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon.
Habitat: Dry, open places in the valleys and plains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Symphyotrichum jessicae – Jessica's aster, Palouse aster
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington; eastern Washington to adjacent western Idaho.
Habitat: Streambanks and open places.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Symphyotrichum laeve – Geyer's aster, smooth aster
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Open places in the plains and valleys to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. geyeri – Geyer's smooth aster

Symphyotrichum lanceolatum – marsh aster, western willow aster
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist meadows, sometimes where saline, shores, and open forest at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. hesperium – lance-leaved aster, panicled aster, white panicled aster

Symphyotrichum novae-angliae – New England aster
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains; native from central North America east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides and disturbed areas where somewhat moist.
Origin: Introduced from central and eastern North America
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Symphyotrichum novi-belgii – New York aster
Habitat: Pond and lake margins at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from eastern North America
Flowers: August-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Symphyotrichum pilosum – hairy aster
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to Washington, otherwise native from the U.S. Great Plains east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: River cobbles, gravel, disturbed ground, and railroads.
Origin: Introduced from central and eastern North America
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

• var. pilosum – hairy aster

Symphyotrichum spathulatum – western aster, western mountain aster
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Meadows and forest openings, from middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Symphyotrichum subspicatum – Douglas' aster, Douglas's aster
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Montana and Idaho.
Habitat: Moist woods, streambanks and seashores.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Tanacetum balsamita – costmary
Distribution: Occurring scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides and other waste places.
Origin: Introduced from Asia
Flowers: August-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Tanacetum bipinnatum – camphor tansy, dune tansy
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the coast of Washington; Alaska to California, east across Canada to the Great Lakes region and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Sand dunes along the coast.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Tanacetum parthenium – featherfew, feverfew
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Nevada, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other distrubed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-November
Growth Duration: Perennial

Tanacetum vulgare – common tansy
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, shorelines, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Taraxacum alaskanum – dwarf alpine dandelion
Distribution: Occuring only in North Cascades in Washington; Alaska to Washington, also in Russian Far East.
Habitat: Rocky, exposed areas in alpine habitatas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Taraxacum ceratophorum – horned dandelion
Distribution: Occurring in mountainous areas on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Northwest Territory to Washington, east to Rocky Mountains; east across Canada to Greenland.
Habitat: Rocky, open areas in the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Taraxacum erythrospermum – red-seeded dandelion
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Meadows, grasslands, prairies, and other open areas, typically where some level of disturbance present.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Taraxacum officinale – common dandelion
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Common in disturbed areas, fields, lawns, from the coast to the alpine.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: March-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Taraxacum scopulorum – alpine dandelion
Distribution: Likely restricted to the North Cascades in Washington; British Columbia to Washington, east to Alberta, Montana, Idaho, Utah, Wyoming, and Colorado,
Habitat: Rocky sites in the alpine.
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Tetradymia canescens – gray horsebrush, spineless horsebrush
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Dry, open places in sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Tonestus lyallii – Lyall's goldenweed, Lyall's serpentweed
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympics and Cascades mountains in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Mountain meadows and rocky slopes, subalpine and alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Townsendia florifera – showy Townsend daisy, showy townsendia
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon and Nevada, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Dry-open places in the plains and foothills, often with sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Tragopogon dubius – yellow salsify
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, wastelots, overgrazed areas, and other disturbed open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial

Tragopogon floccosus – woolly goatsbeard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington, where known only from Whitman County. eastern Washington and adjacent western Idaho.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, fields, roadsides.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Tragopogon mirus – remarkable goatsbeard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in south-central and eastern Washington; eastern Washington and adjacent western Idaho, also occurring in Arizona.
Habitat: Dry, open areas in the foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Biennial

Tragopogon miscellus – hybrid goatsbeard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington; eastern Washington and adjacent Idaho, Wyoming, and Arizona.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Biennial

Tragopogon porrifolius – oyster plant, purple salsify
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields and waste places, usually where moist.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Biennial

Tragopogon pratensis – Jack-go-to-bed-at-noon, meadow salsify
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields and waste places, usually in slightly moist areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Biennial

Tripleurospermum inodorum – false chamomile, false mayweed, scentless mayweed
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Noxious weed in fields and waste ground in eastern Washington.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual

Tussilago farfara – coltsfoot, tussilago
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; British Columbia to Washington; also from the Great Lakes region east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, lawns, wastelots, and disturbed forest understory ta low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Perennial

Uropappus lindleyi – Lindley's false silverpuffs
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho, Utah, New Mexico, and Texas.
Habitat: Open hillsides and forest openings, from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Annual

Wyethia amplexicaulis – northern mule's ears, smooth dwarf sunflower
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Nevada, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Seasonally moist areas in sagebrush-steppe, to open areas at moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Wyethia angustifolia – narrowleaf mule's ears, narrowleaf wyethia
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southwestern Washington, and east in the Columbia River Gorge; Washington to California.
Habitat: Meadows and moist, open hillsides at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Xanthium orientale – cocklebur, common cocklebur
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast
Habitat: Wet meadows, shorelines, and disturbed open areas where moist.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Annual

Xanthium spinosum – spiny clotbur, spiny cocklebur
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Fields, damp or seasonally wet, alkaline soils, wastelots and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from South America (although treated as native in CA by Jeps. Man.)
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Annual