Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed areas near cultivated setting in towns and cities, where escaping cultivation.
Flowers: April-September
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Growth Duration: Annual
Conservation Status: Not of concern
Pollination: Bumblebees, bees, flies
Variable, glabrous or puberulent, annual or biennial, low or short plant.
Leaves oval to broadly lanceolate, mostly basal; stipules leaf-like, pinnately lobed, the end lobe longer.
Flowers 10-25 mm. long, the spur long; petals violet or yellow or both, longer than the sepals.
Fruit a 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parietal.
Publication: Sp. Pl. 2: 935-936. 1753.
- ssp. tricolor – Johnny jump-up Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
PNW Herbaria: Specimen records of Viola tricolor in the Consortium of Pacific Northwest Herbaria database
WA Flora Checklist: Viola tricolor checklist entry
OregonFlora: Viola tricolor information
E-Flora BC: Viola tricolor atlas page
CalPhotos: Viola tricolor photos
