Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, also in scattered locations in eastern North America.
Habitat: Spread by birds, mostly forested areas at low elevations.
Flowers: April-June
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Growth Duration: Perennial
Conservation Status: Not of concern
Pollination: Bees
[none provided]
PNW Herbaria: Specimen records of Ilex aquifolium in the Consortium of Pacific Northwest Herbaria database
WA Flora Checklist: Ilex aquifolium checklist entry
OregonFlora: Ilex aquifolium information
E-Flora BC: Ilex aquifolium atlas page
CalPhotos: Ilex aquifolium photos