Vascular Plants
Includes all flowering plants, conifers, ferns and fern-allies.
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Scientific names beginning with T:
57 genera
135 species, 32 subspecies and varieties
135 species, 32 subspecies and varieties
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Index to genera:
Taeniatherum, Tamarix, Tanacetum, Taraxacum, Taraxia, Tauschia, Taxus, Teesdalia, Tellima, Tetradymia, Tetragonia, Teucrium, Thalictrum, Thelypodium, Thermopsis, Thinopyrum, Thlaspi, Thuja, Thymelaea, Thymus, Thysanocarpus, Tiarella, Tilia, Tiquilia, Tolmiea, Tonella, Tonestus, Torilis, Torreyochloa, Townsendia, Toxicodendron, Toxicoscordion, Tragopogon, Trautvetteria, Triadenum, Triantha, Tribulus, Trichophorum, Trichostema, Trifolium, Triglochin, Trillium, Triodanis, Triphysaria, Tripidium, Triplasis, Tripleurospermum, Trisetum, Triteleia, Triticum, Trollius, Tsuga, Tulipa, Turgenia, Turritis, Tussilago, TyphaTaeniatherum caput-medusae – medusa-head
Distribution: Sparingly introduced in east-central Washington; more common on both sides of the Cascades in Oregon, east into southeast Idaho and south into California.
Habitat: Weed of waste ground.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May - June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Sparingly introduced in east-central Washington; more common on both sides of the Cascades in Oregon, east into southeast Idaho and south into California.
Habitat: Weed of waste ground.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May - June
Growth Duration: Annual
Tamarix chinensis × Tamarix ramosissima – hybrid salt cedar, hybrid saltcedar, hybrid tamarisk
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where known only from Walla Walla County; expected to occur wherever the two parent species co-occur.
Habitat: Riparian zones in arid areas.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where known only from Walla Walla County; expected to occur wherever the two parent species co-occur.
Habitat: Riparian zones in arid areas.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Tamarix parviflora – small-flower salt cedar, small-flower saltcedar, small-flower tamarisk
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; south-central British Columbia to California, east to the southern Rocky Mountains and southern Great Plains.
Habitat: Mostly in riparian areas in arid regions.
Origin: Introduced from southern Europe and northern Africa
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; south-central British Columbia to California, east to the southern Rocky Mountains and southern Great Plains.
Habitat: Mostly in riparian areas in arid regions.
Origin: Introduced from southern Europe and northern Africa
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Tamarix ramosissima – salt cedar, saltcedar, tamarisk
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; south-central British Columbia to California, east to the Great Plains and southeastern U.S.
Habitat: Riparian zones and other moist to wet areas in arid regions.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; south-central British Columbia to California, east to the Great Plains and southeastern U.S.
Habitat: Riparian zones and other moist to wet areas in arid regions.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Tanacetum balsamita – costmary
Distribution: Occurring scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides and other waste places.
Origin: Introduced from Asia
Flowers: August-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides and other waste places.
Origin: Introduced from Asia
Flowers: August-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Tanacetum bipinnatum – camphor tansy, dune tansy
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the coast of Washington; Alaska to California, east across Canada to the Great Lakes region and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Sand dunes along the coast.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the coast of Washington; Alaska to California, east across Canada to the Great Lakes region and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Sand dunes along the coast.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Tanacetum parthenium – featherfew, feverfew
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Nevada, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other distrubed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-November
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Nevada, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other distrubed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-November
Growth Duration: Perennial
Tanacetum vulgare – common tansy
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, shorelines, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, shorelines, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Taraxacum alaskanum – dwarf alpine dandelion
Distribution: Occuring only in North Cascades in Washington; Alaska to Washington, also in Russian Far East.
Habitat: Rocky, exposed areas in alpine habitatas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occuring only in North Cascades in Washington; Alaska to Washington, also in Russian Far East.
Habitat: Rocky, exposed areas in alpine habitatas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Taraxacum ceratophorum – horned dandelion
Distribution: Occurring in mountainous areas on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Northwest Territory to Washington, east to Rocky Mountains; east across Canada to Greenland.
Habitat: Rocky, open areas in the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring in mountainous areas on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Northwest Territory to Washington, east to Rocky Mountains; east across Canada to Greenland.
Habitat: Rocky, open areas in the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Taraxacum erythrospermum – red-seeded dandelion
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Meadows, grasslands, prairies, and other open areas, typically where some level of disturbance present.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Meadows, grasslands, prairies, and other open areas, typically where some level of disturbance present.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Taraxacum officinale – common dandelion
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Common in disturbed areas, fields, lawns, from the coast to the alpine.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: March-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Common in disturbed areas, fields, lawns, from the coast to the alpine.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: March-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Taraxacum scopulorum – alpine dandelion
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington, where known only from Whatcom County; British Columbia to Washington, east to Alberta, Montana, Idaho, Utah, Wyoming, and Colorado,
Habitat: Rocky sites in the alpine.
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington, where known only from Whatcom County; British Columbia to Washington, east to Alberta, Montana, Idaho, Utah, Wyoming, and Colorado,
Habitat: Rocky sites in the alpine.
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Taraxia subacaulis – long-leaf evening primrose
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades in Washington; Washington to California, east to Montana and Colorado.
Habitat: Meadows, benchland, and stream banks, from sagbrush plains to moderate elevations in the mountains, usually where dry by late summer.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades in Washington; Washington to California, east to Montana and Colorado.
Habitat: Meadows, benchland, and stream banks, from sagbrush plains to moderate elevations in the mountains, usually where dry by late summer.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Taraxia tanacetifolia – tansy-leaf evening primrose
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada
Habitat: Dry, often sandy or gravelly ground, low to moderate elevations
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada
Habitat: Dry, often sandy or gravelly ground, low to moderate elevations
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Tauschia stricklandii – Strickland's tauschia, Strickland's umbrella-wort
Distribution: Occurring on west side of Mount Rainier National Park and nearby Yakima County in WA; also in Multnomah and Lincoln counties in Oregon.
Habitat: Moist meadows, forest openings and edge at middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on west side of Mount Rainier National Park and nearby Yakima County in WA; also in Multnomah and Lincoln counties in Oregon.
Habitat: Moist meadows, forest openings and edge at middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Taxus brevifolia – Pacific yew, western yew
Distribution: Occurring in forested areas throughout Washington; Alaska to California, east to southeastern Alberta, Idaho, western Montana, and northeastern Oregon
Habitat: Open to deep, usually moist forests, sea level to middle elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Cones: August-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring in forested areas throughout Washington; Alaska to California, east to southeastern Alberta, Idaho, western Montana, and northeastern Oregon
Habitat: Open to deep, usually moist forests, sea level to middle elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Cones: August-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Teesdalia nudicaulis – shepherd's cress
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, also in northeastern U.S.
Habitat: Sandy or gravelly soil at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, also in northeastern U.S.
Habitat: Sandy or gravelly soil at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Annual
Tellima grandiflora – fragrant fringecup
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington, but also in northeastern Washington and in the Columbia River Gorge; Alaska to California, east to northern Idaho and western Montana.
Habitat: Common in damp woods, forest edges, and along streams from sea level to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington, but also in northeastern Washington and in the Columbia River Gorge; Alaska to California, east to northern Idaho and western Montana.
Habitat: Common in damp woods, forest edges, and along streams from sea level to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Tetradymia canescens – gray horsebrush, spineless horsebrush
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Dry, open places in sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Dry, open places in sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Tetragonia tetragonioides – New Zealand spinach
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the outer coast in Washington; Washington to California, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Sand dunes, bluffs, margins of coastal wetlands, and disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the outer coast in Washington; Washington to California, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Sand dunes, bluffs, margins of coastal wetlands, and disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
Teucrium canadense – western germander
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Stream banks, lakeshores, and moist bottom lands, mostly at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Stream banks, lakeshores, and moist bottom lands, mostly at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. occidentale – Canada germander
Thalictrum dasycarpum – purple meadow-rue
Distribution: Occurring in the northeastern corner of Washington; Alberta to Arizona, east to central North America.
Habitat: Meadowlands and moist woods.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring in the northeastern corner of Washington; Alberta to Arizona, east to central North America.
Habitat: Meadowlands and moist woods.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Thalictrum occidentale – western meadow-rue
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to northern California, east to Montana and Colorado.
Habitat: Shady woodlands and forests, from low elevations to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to northern California, east to Montana and Colorado.
Habitat: Shady woodlands and forests, from low elevations to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Thalictrum venulosum – veiny-leaf meadow-rue
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to Nevada, Utah, and New Mexico, east to eastern North America.
Habitat: Riparian areas, coniferous forest understory.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to Nevada, Utah, and New Mexico, east to eastern North America.
Habitat: Riparian areas, coniferous forest understory.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Thelypodium howellii – Howell's thelypody
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - July
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - July
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
• ssp. howellii – Howell's thelypody
Thelypodium integrifolium – entire-leaved thelypody
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to central Oregon and Nevada, east to Montana and Colorado.
Habitat: Sagebrush plains to streambanks in the lower mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to central Oregon and Nevada, east to Montana and Colorado.
Habitat: Sagebrush plains to streambanks in the lower mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. integrifolium – entire-leaved thelypody
Thelypodium laciniatum – cut-leaf thelypody, thick-leaved thelypody
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Rock cliffs and dry, rocky areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Biennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Rock cliffs and dry, rocky areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Biennial
Thelypodium milleflorum – many flowered thelypody
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Nevada, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Rock cliffs and dry, rocky areas in sagebrush desert.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Biennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Nevada, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Rock cliffs and dry, rocky areas in sagebrush desert.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Biennial
Thelypodium sagittatum – slender thelypody
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - July
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - July
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
• ssp. sagittatum – sagittate thelypody, slender thelypody
Thermopsis montana – mountain buck-bean, mountain golden-banner, mountain golden-pea, mountain thermopsis
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, but only occurring in the far western and eastern counties; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Sandy, well-drained soil to wet meadowland, low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, but only occurring in the far western and eastern counties; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Sandy, well-drained soil to wet meadowland, low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. ovata – slender goldenbanner
Thinopyrum intermedium – intermediate wheatgrass
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. barbulatum – pubescent wheatgrass
• ssp. intermedium – intermediate wheatgrass
Thinopyrum ponticum – Eurasian wheatgrass
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east to the Great Plains.
Habitat: Disturbed areas including roadsides, wastelots, and agricultural fields.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east to the Great Plains.
Habitat: Disturbed areas including roadsides, wastelots, and agricultural fields.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Thlaspi arvense – fanweed, field pennycress
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Weed of waste ground, low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Weed of waste ground, low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Thuja plicata – canoe cedar, western red cedar
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to northern California, east to Alberta, Idaho, and Montana.
Habitat: Moist or swampy areas from sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Cones: Producing cones in April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to northern California, east to Alberta, Idaho, and Montana.
Habitat: Moist or swampy areas from sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Cones: Producing cones in April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Thysanocarpus curvipes – sand fringepod, lacepod
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho, Colorado, and New Mexico.
Habitat: Uncommon on dry, open hillsides and borders of woodlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho, Colorado, and New Mexico.
Habitat: Uncommon on dry, open hillsides and borders of woodlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Tiarella trifoliata – three-leaf foamflower
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Alberta, Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Moist woods and stream banks, sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Alberta, Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Moist woods and stream banks, sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. laciniata – cut-leaved foamflower
• var. trifoliata – three-leaf foamflower
• var. unifoliata – simple-leaved foamflower
Tiquilia nuttallii – coldenia, rosette crinklemat, rosette tequilia
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington south to California, east to Utah.
Habitat: Sagebrush plains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington south to California, east to Utah.
Habitat: Sagebrush plains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Tolmiea menziesii – piggyback-plant
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Moist woods and stream banks, from low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Moist woods and stream banks, from low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Tonella floribunda – greater baby-innocence, large-flowered tonella
Distribution: Occurring along the southern border of Washington; Canyon of the Snake River and tributaries; Washington south to Oregon, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Open, often rocky places, at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring along the southern border of Washington; Canyon of the Snake River and tributaries; Washington south to Oregon, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Open, often rocky places, at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Tonella tenella – lesser baby-innocence, small-flowered tonella
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; disjunct in southwestern British Columbia and the northern Olympic Peninsula, otherwise southern Washington to central California.
Habitat: Fairly moist in open to partly shaded places at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; disjunct in southwestern British Columbia and the northern Olympic Peninsula, otherwise southern Washington to central California.
Habitat: Fairly moist in open to partly shaded places at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Annual
Tonestus lyallii – Lyall's goldenweed, Lyall's serpentweed
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympics and Cascades mountains in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Mountain meadows and rocky slopes, subalpine and alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympics and Cascades mountains in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Mountain meadows and rocky slopes, subalpine and alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Torilis arvensis – field hedge-parsley
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Nevada, widespread from the U.S. midwest to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, forest edge, thickets, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Nevada, widespread from the U.S. midwest to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, forest edge, thickets, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Torilis japonica – upright hedge-parsley, Japanese hedge-parsley
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California, also in south-central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Forest understory and edge, thickets, fields, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California, also in south-central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Forest understory and edge, thickets, fields, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Torreyochloa pallida – pale false manna grass
Distribution: Alaska south along the coast to California, east to Alberta and New Mexico.
Habitat: Wet places, from near sea level to 11,000 feet elevation in mountain meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Alaska south along the coast to California, east to Alberta and New Mexico.
Habitat: Wet places, from near sea level to 11,000 feet elevation in mountain meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. pauciflora – weak alkaligrass
Townsendia florifer – showy Townsend-daisy, showy townsendia
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon and Nevada, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Dry-open places in the plains and foothills, often with sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon and Nevada, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Dry-open places in the plains and foothills, often with sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial
Toxicodendron diversilobum – Pacific poison-oak
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Nevada.
Habitat: Open woods at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Nevada.
Habitat: Open woods at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Toxicodendron radicans – western poison ivy
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; occurring throughout much of North America, except Alaska, California, southeastern U.S. and northeastern Canada.
Habitat: Generally in the lowlands and foothills and into the lower mountains in open areas or forest edges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; occurring throughout much of North America, except Alaska, California, southeastern U.S. and northeastern Canada.
Habitat: Generally in the lowlands and foothills and into the lower mountains in open areas or forest edges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. rydbergii – poison-ivy, western poison-ivy
Toxicoscordion paniculatum – sand corn, panicled death-camas
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; north-central Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Grassy slopes, sagebrush desert, and ponderosa or lodgepole pine forest openings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; north-central Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Grassy slopes, sagebrush desert, and ponderosa or lodgepole pine forest openings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Toxicoscordion venenosum – meadow death-camas, deadly zygadene
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Grasslands, balds, prairies, and ponderosa pine forest openings, from the coast to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Grasslands, balds, prairies, and ponderosa pine forest openings, from the coast to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. gramineum – common death-camas, grassy death-camas
• var. venenosum – coastal death-camas, common death-camas
Tragopogon dubius – yellow salsify
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, wastelots, overgrazed areas, and other disturbed open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, wastelots, overgrazed areas, and other disturbed open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Tragopogon floccosus – woolly goatsbeard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington, where known only from Whitman County. eastern Washington and adjacent western Idaho.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, fields, roadsides.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington, where known only from Whitman County. eastern Washington and adjacent western Idaho.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, fields, roadsides.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Tragopogon mirus – remarkable goatsbeard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in south-central and eastern Washington; eastern Washington and adjacent western Idaho, also occurring in Arizona.
Habitat: Dry, open areas in the foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Biennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in south-central and eastern Washington; eastern Washington and adjacent western Idaho, also occurring in Arizona.
Habitat: Dry, open areas in the foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Biennial
Tragopogon miscellus – hybrid goatsbeard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington; eastern Washington and adjacent Idaho, Wyoming, and Arizona.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Biennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington; eastern Washington and adjacent Idaho, Wyoming, and Arizona.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Biennial
Tragopogon porrifolius – oyster plant, purple salsify
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields and waste places, usually where moist.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Biennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields and waste places, usually where moist.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Biennial
Tragopogon pratensis – jack go to bed at noon, meadow salsify
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields and waste places, usually in slightly moist areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Biennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields and waste places, usually in slightly moist areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Biennial
Trautvetteria caroliniensis – false bugbane, wild bugbane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also in central and southeastern U.S.
Habitat: Moist, open woods and stream banks, low to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also in central and southeastern U.S.
Habitat: Moist, open woods and stream banks, low to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Triantha occidentalis – western asphodel, western tofieldia
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympic and Cascade mountains in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Moist meadows, bogs and streambanks, mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympic and Cascade mountains in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Moist meadows, bogs and streambanks, mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. brevistyla – sticky asphodel, sticky tofieldia
Tribulus terrestris – puncture vine
Distribution: East of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Noxious weed of sandy soils and roadsides.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: East of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Noxious weed of sandy soils and roadsides.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Trichophorum cespitosum – tufted clubrush
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Montana and Utah; also in eastern North America
Habitat: Sphagnum bogs, marshes, and other very wet places.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Montana and Utah; also in eastern North America
Habitat: Sphagnum bogs, marshes, and other very wet places.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Trichostema oblongum – mountain bluecurls
Distribution: East of the Cascades in Washington; adjacent Idaho, east through the Columbia River Gorge to the Wilamette Valley of Oregon, and south to California.
Habitat: Moist, open places, often on disturbed soil.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: East of the Cascades in Washington; adjacent Idaho, east through the Columbia River Gorge to the Wilamette Valley of Oregon, and south to California.
Habitat: Moist, open places, often on disturbed soil.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Trifolium albopurpureum – Rancheria clover
Distribution: Known from only a few scattered locations in Klickitat County in Washington; south-central Washington to California, east to Arizona.
Habitat: Cliffs, balds, and forest openings at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Known from only a few scattered locations in Klickitat County in Washington; south-central Washington to California, east to Arizona.
Habitat: Cliffs, balds, and forest openings at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Trifolium arvense – rabbitfoot clover, hare's foot
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, further eastward across the northern U.S. and southern Great Plains and Canada to eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, further eastward across the northern U.S. and southern Great Plains and Canada to eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Trifolium aureum – golden clover, greater hop clover, yellow clover
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Montana and Wyoming; also occurring in most of eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, lawns, railways, wastelots, and other disturbed open sites.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Montana and Wyoming; also occurring in most of eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, lawns, railways, wastelots, and other disturbed open sites.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Trifolium bifidum – notch-leaf clover, Pinole clover
Distribution: Occurring in Klickitat County in Washington; south-central Washington to California.
Habitat: Open woodlands and grassy slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring in Klickitat County in Washington; south-central Washington to California.
Habitat: Open woodlands and grassy slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
• var. decipiens – notchleaf clover, Pinole clover
Trifolium campestre – field clover, hop clover
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Wastelots, roadsides, fields, meadows, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Wastelots, roadsides, fields, meadows, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Trifolium cernuum – nodding clover
Distribution: Known from the Olympic Peninsula in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Roadsides, lawns, fields, and other disturbed open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Known from the Olympic Peninsula in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Roadsides, lawns, fields, and other disturbed open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Annual
Trifolium ciliolatum – foothill clover, tree clover
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in south-central Washington; south-central Washington to California.
Habitat: Wet meadows to rather dry, sandy soil.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in south-central Washington; south-central Washington to California.
Habitat: Wet meadows to rather dry, sandy soil.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Trifolium cyathiferum – bowl clover, cup clover
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to western Montana and Nevada.
Habitat: Wet meadows and seeps to fairly dry, sandy soil, at moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to western Montana and Nevada.
Habitat: Wet meadows and seeps to fairly dry, sandy soil, at moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Trifolium depauperatum – poverty clover
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in northwestern Washington; also in Gulf Islands and Vancouver Islands in British Columbia, otherwise southwestern Oregon to southern California.
Habitat: Coastal bluffs and vernally moist areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in northwestern Washington; also in Gulf Islands and Vancouver Islands in British Columbia, otherwise southwestern Oregon to southern California.
Habitat: Coastal bluffs and vernally moist areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
• var. depauperatum – poverty clover
Trifolium dichotomum – branched clover
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in the San Juan Islands in Washington; southern Vancouver Island, Gulf Islands, and San Juan Islands, otherwise Willamette Valley, Oregon to California.
Habitat: Open forest, sandy embankments, and grassy balds on islands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in the San Juan Islands in Washington; southern Vancouver Island, Gulf Islands, and San Juan Islands, otherwise Willamette Valley, Oregon to California.
Habitat: Open forest, sandy embankments, and grassy balds on islands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Trifolium douglasii – Douglas's clover
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern and southeastern Washington; eastern Washington to east-central Oregon, east to eastern Idaho.
Habitat: Moist to wet areas in including open meadows, forested wetlands, and streambanks.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern and southeastern Washington; eastern Washington to east-central Oregon, east to eastern Idaho.
Habitat: Moist to wet areas in including open meadows, forested wetlands, and streambanks.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Trifolium dubium – least hop clover, suckling clover
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Forest openings, roadsides, fields, lawns, wastelots, and other disturbed sites.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Forest openings, roadsides, fields, lawns, wastelots, and other disturbed sites.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Trifolium eriocephalum – woolly-head clover
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in southern Washington; southern Washington to California, east to Montana, Utah, and Nevada.
Habitat: Meadows and forest openings at middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in southern Washington; southern Washington to California, east to Montana, Utah, and Nevada.
Habitat: Meadows and forest openings at middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. arcuatum – woolly-head clover
• var. eriocephalum – woolly-head cloover
Trifolium fragiferum – strawberry clover
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to the Great Plains, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, lawns, wastelots and other disturbed places.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to the Great Plains, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, lawns, wastelots and other disturbed places.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Trifolium glomeratum – clustered clover
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in the Puget Trough lowlands; southwestern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Roadsides, lawns, and other disturbed sites often with dry, gravelly, compacted soil.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in the Puget Trough lowlands; southwestern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Roadsides, lawns, and other disturbed sites often with dry, gravelly, compacted soil.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Trifolium gracilentum – slender clover
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to California, where native, and east to Arizona.
Habitat: Grassy slopes, fields, and roadsides.
Origin: Introduced from California
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to California, where native, and east to Arizona.
Habitat: Grassy slopes, fields, and roadsides.
Origin: Introduced from California
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Trifolium hirtum – rose clover
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to California, also in the southeastern U.S.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to California, also in the southeastern U.S.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Trifolium hybridum – alsike clover
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest throughout much of Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest throughout much of Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Trifolium incarnatum – crimson clover
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in the Puget Trough lowlands; British Columbia to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in the Puget Trough lowlands; British Columbia to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Trifolium latifolium – twin clover
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in far eastern and southeastern Washington; eastern Washington to northeastern Oregon, east to western Montana.
Habitat: Moist meadows to rocky ridges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in far eastern and southeastern Washington; eastern Washington to northeastern Oregon, east to western Montana.
Habitat: Moist meadows to rocky ridges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Trifolium longipes – long-stalked clover
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Meadows and valleys, lower mountains to subalpine slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Meadows and valleys, lower mountains to subalpine slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. longipes – long-stalked clover
• var. multiovulatum – long-stalked clover
• var. multipedunculatum – long-stalked clover
Trifolium macrocephalum – big-head clover, large-head clover
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington, south through eastern Oregon, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Shrub-steppe, sagebrush desert and ponderosa pine woodlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington, south through eastern Oregon, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Shrub-steppe, sagebrush desert and ponderosa pine woodlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Trifolium microcephalum – small-head clover
Distribution: Distributed widely throughout Washington; British Columbia to Baja California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moist meadows, sandy riverbanks and drier hillsides, coastal to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Distributed widely throughout Washington; British Columbia to Baja California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moist meadows, sandy riverbanks and drier hillsides, coastal to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Trifolium microdon – thimble clover, Valparaiso clover
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California; also in South America.
Habitat: In meadows or on rocky or sandy soil at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California; also in South America.
Habitat: In meadows or on rocky or sandy soil at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Trifolium oliganthum – few-flowered clover
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Balds, grasslands, and prairies at low elevations, often where dry and rocky.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Balds, grasslands, and prairies at low elevations, often where dry and rocky.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Trifolium plumosum – plumed clover
Distribution: Occurring in the southeastern region in Washington; southeastern Washington to northeastern Oregon, east to adjacent Idaho.
Habitat: Dry hillsides, meadowlands, and forest openings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring in the southeastern region in Washington; southeastern Washington to northeastern Oregon, east to adjacent Idaho.
Habitat: Dry hillsides, meadowlands, and forest openings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. amplifolium – plumed clover
• var. plumosum – plumed clover
Trifolium pratense – red clover
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Escaped from cultivation; found along mountain trails where horses have been used
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Escaped from cultivation; found along mountain trails where horses have been used
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Trifolium repens – Dutch clover, white clover
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, lawns, meadows, wastelots, trailsides, and other disturbed open areas from low elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, lawns, meadows, wastelots, trailsides, and other disturbed open areas from low elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Trifolium resupinatum – reversed clover
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington; eastern Washington to California, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, wastelots, and disturbed open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington; eastern Washington to California, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, wastelots, and disturbed open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Trifolium retusum – teasel clover
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in the Puget Trough region in Washington; also occurring in southern Oregon and northern California.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, lawns, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in the Puget Trough region in Washington; also occurring in southern Oregon and northern California.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, lawns, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Trifolium striatum – knotted clover
Distribution: Occurring in lowlands west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed, open areas at low elevation.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring in lowlands west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed, open areas at low elevation.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Trifolium subterraneum – burrowing clover, subterranean clover, subterranean trefoil
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California; also in the southeastern U.S.
Habitat: Pastures, prairies, roadsides, lawns, fields, and other open disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California; also in the southeastern U.S.
Habitat: Pastures, prairies, roadsides, lawns, fields, and other open disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Trifolium suffocatum – suffocated clover
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington and in California
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, lawns, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington and in California
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, lawns, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Trifolium thompsonii – Thompson's clover
Distribution: Endemic to Chelan and Douglas counties in Washington.
Habitat: Common on dry, grassy hillsides just below the ponderosa pine woodlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Endemic to Chelan and Douglas counties in Washington.
Habitat: Common on dry, grassy hillsides just below the ponderosa pine woodlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Trifolium variegatum – white-tip clover
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout much of Washington; Alaska south to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, Utah, and Arizona.
Habitat: Dry, sandy soil to moist meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout much of Washington; Alaska south to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, Utah, and Arizona.
Habitat: Dry, sandy soil to moist meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Trifolium vesiculosum – arrow-leaf clover
Distribution: Occurring in a few locations west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; Washington to California; also in the south-central and southeastern U.S.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring in a few locations west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; Washington to California; also in the south-central and southeastern U.S.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Trifolium willdenovii – sand clover, tomcat clover
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and east along the Columbia River in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Grassy hillsides, balds, prairies, and meadows at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and east along the Columbia River in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Grassy hillsides, balds, prairies, and meadows at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Trifolium wormskioldii – cow clover, salt marsh clover
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Idaho, Colorado, and New Mexico.
Habitat: Costal dunes to moist meadows and stream banks at low to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Idaho, Colorado, and New Mexico.
Habitat: Costal dunes to moist meadows and stream banks at low to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
Triglochin maritima – seaside arrow-grass
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout much of Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, then mostly across northern U.S. and southern Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Marsh to moist, gravelly areas, mostly were saline or alkaline.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout much of Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, then mostly across northern U.S. and southern Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Marsh to moist, gravelly areas, mostly were saline or alkaline.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Triglochin palustris – marsh arrow-grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Triglochin scilloides – awl-leaf arrow-grass, flowering quillwort
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest along the coastal counties in Washington; British Columbia to Baja California, Mexico, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains; also in South America.
Habitat: Generally in shallow water, but often stranded in mud at edge of receding ponds, coastal tideflats to interior valleys.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest along the coastal counties in Washington; British Columbia to Baja California, Mexico, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains; also in South America.
Habitat: Generally in shallow water, but often stranded in mud at edge of receding ponds, coastal tideflats to interior valleys.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Trillium albidum – giant trillium, sessile trillium
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Moist forests, oak-ash woodlands, thickets, and fields at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Moist forests, oak-ash woodlands, thickets, and fields at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. parviflorum – small-flowered trillium
Trillium ovatum – trillium, white trillium, western wake-robin
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in forested areas in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado.
Habitat: Open to dense moist forests at low to mid-elevations, often where boggy in the spring.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in forested areas in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado.
Habitat: Open to dense moist forests at low to mid-elevations, often where boggy in the spring.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. ovatum – western white trillium, western wake-robin
Trillium petiolatum – purple trillium, purple wakerobin
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to northeastern Oregon, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Stream banks, moist meadows, forest edge, and thickets at low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to northeastern Oregon, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Stream banks, moist meadows, forest edge, and thickets at low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Triodanis perfoliata – clasping-leaf Venus'-looking-glass
Distribution: Both sides of the Cascades in Washington; throughout much of the United States and adjacent areas of Canada and Mexico.
Habitat: Various habitats, from the valleys and plains to moderate elevations in the moutains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Both sides of the Cascades in Washington; throughout much of the United States and adjacent areas of Canada and Mexico.
Habitat: Various habitats, from the valleys and plains to moderate elevations in the moutains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Triphysaria eriantha – butter-and-eggs, Johnny-tuck owl-clover
Origin: Introduced as waif and/or cultivar from CA; occurrence based on records from late 1800s; no recent records or evidence of establishment in WA
Growth Duration: Annual
Origin: Introduced as waif and/or cultivar from CA; occurrence based on records from late 1800s; no recent records or evidence of establishment in WA
Growth Duration: Annual
• ssp. eriantha – butter and eggs, johnny turk
Triphysaria pusilla – dwarf owl-clover
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Vernally moist, open ground at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Vernally moist, open ground at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Tripidium ravennae – ravennagrass
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to adjacent Oregon, also in Boise, Idaho; California and sporadically eastward to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to adjacent Oregon, also in Boise, Idaho; California and sporadically eastward to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Tripleurospermum inodorum – false chamomile, false mayweed, scentless mayweed
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Noxious weed in fields and waste ground in eastern Washington.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Noxious weed in fields and waste ground in eastern Washington.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Trisetum spicatum – narrow false oat, spike trisetum
Distribution: Occurring in the mountainous areas on both sides of the Cascades crest throughout Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, further east to the Great Lakes region and eastern North America.
Habitat: Montane forests to alpine slopes in rocky, dry or moist areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring in the mountainous areas on both sides of the Cascades crest throughout Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, further east to the Great Lakes region and eastern North America.
Habitat: Montane forests to alpine slopes in rocky, dry or moist areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Triteleia grandiflora – blue-lily, blue umber lily, large-flowered tritelia
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington, but also occurring in the north Puget Sound area; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Idaho, Wyoming and Utah.
Habitat: Prairies, grasslands, balds and forest openings, often where seasonally dry, from the coast to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington, but also occurring in the north Puget Sound area; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Idaho, Wyoming and Utah.
Habitat: Prairies, grasslands, balds and forest openings, often where seasonally dry, from the coast to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. grandiflora – blue-lily, Douglas' brodiaea, blue umber lily, large-flowered tritelia
• var. howellii – Howell's large-flowered triteleia, Howell's triteleia
Triteleia hyacinthina – white brodiaea, fool's-onion, wild hyacinth
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Sagebrush deserts and grassy, often rocky areas from low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Sagebrush deserts and grassy, often rocky areas from low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Triticum aestivum – bread wheat
Distribution: Introduced world-wide, but fails to persist more that a few seasons on its own.
Habitat: Cultivated in fields.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: April - June
Growth Duration: Annual
Distribution: Introduced world-wide, but fails to persist more that a few seasons on its own.
Habitat: Cultivated in fields.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: April - June
Growth Duration: Annual
Trollius albiflorus – western globeflower
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Subalpine and alpine wet meadows and slopes, blooming as the snow recedes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Subalpine and alpine wet meadows and slopes, blooming as the snow recedes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Tsuga heterophylla – western hemlock
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest and in the northeast counties in Washington; Alaska to California, also in southeastern British Columbia, northern Idaho and western Montana.
Habitat: Moist, deep forests from sea level to middle elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Cones: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest and in the northeast counties in Washington; Alaska to California, also in southeastern British Columbia, northern Idaho and western Montana.
Habitat: Moist, deep forests from sea level to middle elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Cones: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Tsuga mertensiana – mountain hemlock
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Montana.
Habitat: Middle to high elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Cones: June-July (cones)
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Montana.
Habitat: Middle to high elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Cones: June-July (cones)
Growth Duration: Perennial
Turritis glabra – tower mustard
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to northern California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, and eastern North America.
Habitat: Seasonally moist, sometimes rocky, soil in open woods, clearings, and grassy balds.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to northern California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, and eastern North America.
Habitat: Seasonally moist, sometimes rocky, soil in open woods, clearings, and grassy balds.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial
Tussilago farfara – coltsfoot
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; British Columbia to Washington; also from the Great Lakes region east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, lawns, wastelots, and disturbed forest understory ta low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; British Columbia to Washington; also from the Great Lakes region east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, lawns, wastelots, and disturbed forest understory ta low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Typha angustifolia – narrow-leaf cat-tail
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; widespread in the eastern half of North America; Eurasia.
Habitat: Shallow, quiet to slow-moving water.
Origin: Introduced from Europe and/or eastern North America
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; widespread in the eastern half of North America; Eurasia.
Habitat: Shallow, quiet to slow-moving water.
Origin: Introduced from Europe and/or eastern North America
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Typha latifolia – broad-leaf cat-tail, common cattail
Distribution: Distributed widely throughout Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Marshes, ponds and shallow slow-flowing water, sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Distribution: Distributed widely throughout Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Marshes, ponds and shallow slow-flowing water, sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
