Vascular Plants

Includes all flowering plants, conifers, ferns and fern-allies.


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Scientific names beginning with E:
51 genera
250 species, 88 subspecies and varieties
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Index to genera:
Eatonella, Echinochloa, Echinocystis, Echinops, Echium, Egeria, Eichhornia, Elaeagnus, Elatine, Eleocharis, Eleusine, Elliottia, Elmera, Elodea, Elyhordeum, Elyleymus, Elymus, Empetrum, Enemion, Engellaria, Epilobium, Epipactis, Equisetum, Eragrostis, Erechtites, Eremogone, Eremopyrum, Eremothera, Eriastrum, Ericameria, Erigeron, Eriogonum, Eriophorum, Eriophyllum, Eritrichium, Erodium, Eruca, Erucastrum, Eryngium, Erysimum, Erythranthe, Erythronium, Eschscholzia, Eucephalus, Euclidium, Euonymus, Euphorbia, Euphrasia, Eurybia, Euthamia, Eutrochium
Eatonella nivea – white Eatonella, white false tickhead
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, sandy, or volcanic desert areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Echinochloa crus-galli – barnyard grass, large barnyard grass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, meadows, wastelots, and other disturbed areas, often where moist or wet.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Echinochloa muricata – American barnyard-grass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Shores, swales, riparian zones, moist, disturbed ground, and roadsides.
Origin: Native?
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual
• var. microstachya – American barnyard grass, American watergrass
Echinocystis lobata – wild cucumber
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Idaho, Utah, and Arizona, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist bottomlands and thickets.
Origin: Introduced from central and eastern North America
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual
• ssp. ruthenicus – southern globe thistle
Echium vulgare – common viper's bugloss
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Mediterranean region
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial
Egeria densa – Brazilian waterweed, South American waterweed
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California, east across the southern half of the United States to the Atlantic.
Habitat: Ponds, lakes, and slow-moving water at low elevation.
Origin: Introduced from South America
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eichhornia crassipes – water hyacinth
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east along the southern U.S. to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Ponds, ditches, canals.
Origin: Introduced from tropical America
Flowers: April-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Elaeagnus angustifolia – Russian-olive
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Weedy escape, especially in riparian areas; often planted historically as a windbreak.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Elaeagnus commutata – American silver-berry, wolfberry
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Washington and California (but not Oregon), east to the Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, and eastern Canada.
Habitat: Gravel benches and scabland, commonly along watercourses.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Elaeagnus umbellata – autumn olive
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, also in Montana; central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Introduced from eastern Asia as ornamental shrub, occasionally escaping in disturbed areas and waste ground.
Origin: Introduced from eastern Asia
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Elatine californica – California waterwort
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Montana, Utah, and New Mexico.
Habitat: Pools, pond shores, and stream banks.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Elatine chilensis – Chilean waterwort
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico.
Habitat: Muddy shores (fresh or tidal), shallow vernal pools, and ditches.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Eleocharis acicularis – needle spikerush
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast; circumboreal.
Habitat: Marshes, muddy shores, and other wet places.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
Eleocharis bella – pretty spikerush
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Montana, Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico.
Habitat: Shores, sloughs, wet meadows, and vernal pools.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
Eleocharis coloradoensis – dwarf spike-rush
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest; southeastern British Columbia to California, east to Idaho, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona, also in Great Plains and central North America.
Habitat: Sandy shores, deltas, and seeps.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eleocharis engelmannii – Engelman spikerush
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Marshes and other wet places, from sea level to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Eleocharis erythropoda – bald spike-rush, redfoot spike-rush
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east from the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Tidal flats, shores, and limy fens.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eleocharis geniculata – capitate spike-rush
Origin: Native
Eleocharis macrostachya – creeping spikerush
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to eastern Canada and the midwestern U.S.
Habitat: Shores, marshes, often alkaline, vernal pools, and dunes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eleocharis mamillata – soft-stem spike-rush
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in western Washington; Alaska to northwest Washington, east to the Canadian Great Plains, Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Tidal flats, lakes, peatlands, and ditches.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. mamillata – soft-stemmed spikerush
Eleocharis nitida – quill spike-rush
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to the Mount Rainier area.
Habitat: Pond shores, mossy springs.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eleocharis obtusa – blunt spikerush
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho, Wyoming, and Colorado, also east from the Great Plains to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Pond and lake shores, riparian zones, and other wet areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
Eleocharis ovata – ovoid spikerush
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia and Alberta to Oregon, also in Arizona, and from Oklahoma east to eastern North America.
Habitat: Marshes and other wet places, from sea level to moderate elevagtions in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Eleocharis palustris – common spikerush
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Wet places from sea level to moderate elevations in the mountains; tolerant of alkali.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eleocharis parvula – little-head spikerush
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, and from Kansas east and north to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Wet, saline or alkaline soils.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eleocharis quinqueflora – few-flowered spike-rush
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across the northern U.S. and Canada to northeastern North America; circumboreal.
Habitat: Bogs and other wet places, from the lowlands to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eleocharis rostellata – walking sedge, beaked spikerush
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and eastern North America.
Habitat: Shores, wet meadows, seeps, hot springs, fens, often where alkaline.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eleocharis suksdorfiana – Suksdorf spikerush
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; central British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado.
Habitat: Shores, peatlands, wet meadows, and seeps from middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eleocharis uniglumis – slender spike-rush
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where known only from a historic collection (1935); British Columbia to Washington, also Nevada, scattered east across North America to the Atlantic Coast; circumboreal.
Habitat: Shores, dunes, alkaline marshes, and peatlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Elliottia pyroliflora – copperbush
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon.
Habitat: Moist forests and stream banks at mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Elmera racemosa – elmera
Distribution: In the Olympic and Cascade Mountains of Washington; Washington south to Oregon.
Habitat: Rock crevices and rocky ridges and slopes, mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. puberulenta – fuzzy elmera
• var. racemosa – common elmera
Elodea canadensis – Canadian waterweed, common waterweed, Rocky Mountain waterweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Common in ponds, lakes, streams, rivers, and slow-moving waters.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Elodea nuttallii – Nuttall's waterweed, western waterweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California and Nevada, east to the Great Plains, midwestern U.S., and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Fresh to slightly brackish water of streams, rivers, lakes, ponds, and backwaters at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
×Elyhordeum macounii
Origin: Native
×Elyhordeum stebbinsianum
Origin: Native
×Elyleymus aristatus
Origin: Native
Elymus albicans – Montana wild rye
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington, east to the northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Shallow, rocky soils on wooded or sagebrush-covered slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Elymus canadensis – Canadian wild rye
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Quebec, North Carolina and Texas
Habitat: Streambanks and thickets on sandy, dry to moist soil, and in disturbed areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. canadensis – Canadian wild rye, nodding wild rye
Elymus curvatus – beardless wild rye, awnless wildrye
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington; southeastern British Columbia to northeastern Washington, east to the northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Moist soils of open forest, thickets, grasslands, ditches, and disturbed ground, especially on bottomland.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Elymus elymoides – bottlebrush, squirreltail
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to southern California, east to the Great Plains and eastern North America.
Habitat: Dry and rocky to moist habitats, from along the coast to inland desert plains and prairies, and to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. brevifolius – longleaf squirreltail
• ssp. elymoides – bottlebrush squirreltail, California squirreltail
• ssp. hordeoides – bottlebrush, squirreltail
Elymus glaucus – blue wild-rye
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Great Plains and Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Prairies, open woods, and dry to moist hillsides, from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. glaucus – blue wildrye
• ssp. virescens – blue wildrye
Elymus ×hansenii
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial
Elymus hirsutus – boreal wildrye, Northwest wildrye
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Alberta and Idaho.
Habitat: Forests, thickets, and grasslands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Elymus lanceolatus – thick-spiked wheatgrass
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, and Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Sand and clay soils, dry to mesic grasslands, and sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. lanceolatus – thick-spiked wheatgrass
• ssp. psammophilus – sand-dune wheatgrass
• ssp. riparius – stream bank wheatgrass
Elymus multisetus – big squirreltail
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central Washington to California, east to Idaho, Colorado, and Arizona.
Habitat: Dry, often rocky, open woodland and thickets on slopes and plains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Elymus repens – creeping wildrye
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast; circumboreal.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, meadows, pastures, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Elymus scribneri – Scribner's wildrye
Distribution: Occurring in the Cascades Range in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Open, rocky, often windswept subalpine and alpine regions.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Elymus trachycaulus – slender wheatgrass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Lowland to subalpine, usually in open areas, occasionally in forests.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. trachycaulus – bearded wheatgrass
Elymus violaceus – arctic wheatgrass, bearded wheatgrass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains, east across Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: High montane to alpine rocks and grassland.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Elymus wawawaiensis – wawawai wildrye
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southeastern Washington to eastern Oregon and western Idaho.
Habitat: Shallow, rocky soils.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Empetrum nigrum – crowberry
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across Canada to the Great Lakes region and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Exposed rocky bluffs, but also in peat bogs.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Enemion hallii – Willamette false rue-anemone
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Lewis and Thurston counties, south to Marion County, Oregon
Habitat: Moist woods and streambanks at low elevations
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Engellaria obtusa – blunt-sepaled starwort
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moist forest and riparian zone understory, talus slopes, from low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium anagallidifolium – alpine willow-herb, pimpernel willow-herb
Distribution: Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also in northeastern North America; circumboreal.
Habitat: Subalpine to alpine slopes and meadows, seeps, stream banks, and damp gravel.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium brachycarpum – autumn willow-herb, tall annual willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, and Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Common in dry, open meadows and grasslands to lightly wooded areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Epilobium campestre – smooth willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Mud flats, vernal pools.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Epilobium ciliatum – ciliate willow-herb, Watson's willow-herb
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington. Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist soil from lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium clavatum – talus willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Alberta, Montana and Colorado.
Habitat: Moist meadows and talus slopes in the mountains, subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium densiflorum – dense-flower willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; Vancouver Island, British Columbia to Baja California, east to Montana, Utah, and Arizona.
Habitat: Moist to seasonally moist meadows, springs, shores, riparian zones, slopes, roadsides, and ditches.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Epilobium glaberrimum – smooth willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Wet places at mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium glandulosum – ciliate willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also across southern Canada and the northern U.S. to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist meadows and riparian areas from coastal elevations to subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium hallianum – glandular willow-herb, Hall's willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Moist to wet areas from montane to alpine habitats.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium hirsutum – codlins-and-cream, fiddle grass, great willow-herb, hairy willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Oregon; also in upper central and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Garden escape in wet areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium hornemannii – Hornemann's willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains; also in eastern North America; circumboreal.
Habitat: Wet rocky areas and streambanks, low to subalpine elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. hornemannii – Hornemann's willow-herb
Epilobium lactiflorum – white-flower willow-herb
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also in eastern North America; circumboreal.
Habitat: Mesic to wet meadows, stream banks, and talus, from middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium leptocarpum – slender-fruit willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Alberta and Idaho.
Habitat: Damp rocky slopes and ledges, shores, and wet meadow margins.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium leptophyllum – bog willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Montana; also in eastern North America, where native.
Habitat: Peatlands, marshes, and wet meadows.
Origin: Introduced from eastern North America
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium luteum – yellow willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Alberta.
Habitat: Stream banks and wet areas at mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium minutum – California willow-herb, chaparral willow-herb, small-flowered willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Montana, Utah, and Arizona.
Habitat: Dry or gravelly soil, sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Epilobium mirabile – Olympic Mountain willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in the Olympic and North Cascades mountains in Washington; southern British Columbia to northern Washington, east to Alberta.
Habitat: Wet to dry scree, talus, steep slopes, often limy, from subalpine to alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium montanum – broad-leaved willow-herb
Origin: Introduced
Epilobium obscurum – dwarf willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to western Washington; also in the Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Disturbed ground, gravel, open forest, paths, roadsides, and gardens.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia and northern Africa
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium oregonense – Oregon willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Arizona.
Habitat: Streambanks, bogs, and wet meadows from moderate elevations in mountains to alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium palustre – marsh willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska east to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, Great Lakes region, and the Atlantic coast;.
Habitat: Wet soil, often in bogs.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium ×pulchrum
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium smithii – talus willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring in the Cascades and Olympic Mountains in Washington; British Columbia to Washington east to Alberta and in Montana; disjunct in Utah.
Habitat: Moist talus or scree slopes, crevices of rocky outcrops, often on south-facing subalpine to alpine slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epilobium torreyi – brook willow-herb
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washingtpn; southwestern British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Places that are soggy with standing water in winter and spring, drying in summer.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Epilobium ×treleasianum
Origin: Native
Epipactis gigantea – giant helleborine
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Baja California, east to the Rocky Mountains and in scattered locations in the Great Plains.
Habitat: Stream banks, lake margins, around springs and seeps, especially in thermal waters in otherwise desert regions.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Epipactis helleborine – broad-leaved helleborine, garden helleborine
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland areas in Washington; British Columbia to California, in scattered locations across North America to the Atlantic Coast, where more common.
Habitat: Moist to dry forest edge and understory, often where disturbed.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Equisetum arvense – common horsetail, field horsetail
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America, except for the south-central and southeastern U.S., to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist to moderately dry, often disturbed places, from the lowlands to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Spores: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Equisetum ×ferrissii – Ferriss's horsetail, Ferriss's scouring rush
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Dry to wet, often disturbed areas, including gravelly roadsides.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial
Equisetum fluviatile – river horsetail, swamp horsetail, water horsetail
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to the northern Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Shallow water, marshes and bogs, along muddy shores, from the lowlands to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Spores: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Equisetum hyemale – scouring rush horsetail , common scouring rush
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist to wet areas, lowlands to moderate elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. affine – common scouring rush, Dutch scouring rush, prairie scouring rush
Equisetum laevigatum – smooth scouring rush
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washngton; southern British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Wet places, including meadows and streambanks, at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial
Equisetum ×litorale – shore horsetail
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial
Equisetum ×mackaii – small scouring rush
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial
Equisetum ×nelsonii – Nelson's horsetail
Origin: Native
Equisetum palustre – marsh horsetail
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across the northern U.S. and Canada to the Atlantic Coast; circumboreal.
Habitat: Streambanks, wet meadows, and marshes, from the lowlands to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial
Equisetum scirpoides – sedgelike horsetail, dwarf scouring rush
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington; Alaska to Washington, east across the northern U.S.and Canada to the Atlantic Coast; circumboreal.
Habitat: Moist, swampy places, especially in coniferous forests.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial
Equisetum sylvaticum – wood horsetail, woodland horsetail
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the northeastern counties in Washington; Alaska to Washington, east across southern Canada and the northern United States to the Atlantic Coast; circumboreal.
Habitat: Shady coniferous forests, bog edges, and swamps
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial
Equisetum telmateia – giant horsetail
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to northern Idaho; Europe, northern Africa, and the Middle East.
Habitat: Moist areas in the lowlands.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. braunii – giant horsetail, great horsetail
Equisetum variegatum – variegated horsetail, northern scouring rush
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east across southern Canada and the northern third of the United States to the Atlantic Coast; circumboreal.
Habitat: Wet places, from sea level to alpine.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. variegatum – variegated horsetail, northern scouring rush
Eragrostis cilianensis – stinkgrass
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed areas and waste land, and along streams and pond margins.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Eragrostis curvula – weeping lovegrass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across the southern U.S. to eastern North America.
Habitat: Distrubed areas where open, and forest edge.
Origin: Introduced from southern Africa
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eragrostis hypnoides – teal lovegrass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington and in the Columbia River Gorge. northern Washington to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Mud flats along streams, ponds and lakes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Eragrostis lutescens – six-weeks lovegrass
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; eastern Washington to California, east to Colorado and New Mexico.
Habitat: Shores, canyons, moist alkaline flats, and disturbed ground.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Eragrostis mexicana – Mexican lovegrass
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to Idaho, Coloarado, New Mexico, and Texas; also in scattered locations in eastern North America.
Habitat: Sandy or silty shores, roadsides, ditches, and disturbed ground.
Origin: Introduced from southwestern U.S.
Flowers: July-Octobaer
Growth Duration: Annual
• ssp. virescens – Mexican lovegrass, orcutt's lovegrass
Eragrostis minor – little lovegrass
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed ground, roadsides, railroads, and shores.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Eragrostis pectinacea – tufted lovegrass
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Shores, roadsides, ditches, and disturbed ground.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
• var. pectinacea – purple eragrostis, tufted eragrostis
Eragrostis pilosa – India lovegrass
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed ground, roadsides, and shores.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Annual
• var. pilosa – India lovegrass
Erechtites minimus – Australian burnweed, toothed coast burnweed
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, riverbanks, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Australia
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
Eremogone aculeata – needle-leaf sandwort, prickly sandwort
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to California, east to Montana, Utah, and Nevada.
Habitat: Gravelly sagebrush-covered hills from moderate elevations to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eremogone capillaris – mountain sandwort, thread-leaved sandwort
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to northern Oregon and northern Nevada, east to Northwest Territory, Alberta, Idaho, and Montana.
Habitat: Mostly montane to alpine meadows and slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. americana – fescue sandwort, thread-leaved sandwort
Eremogone congesta – ballhead sandwort, capitate sandwort
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert to alpine slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. cephaloidea – ballhead sandwort, sharptip sandwort
• var. congesta – ballhead sandwort
• var. prolifera – ballhead sandwort
Eremogone franklinii – Franklin's sandwort
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central Washington; Washington to Oregon, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Sand dunes, scabland, and sagebrush slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. franklinii – Franklin's sandwort
• var. thompsonii – Thompson's sandwort
Eremopyrum triticeum – annual false wheatgrass
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Arizona, east to the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains.
Habitat: Dry wasteland, disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Eremothera boothii – Booth's evening-primrose, Booth's mooncup
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest and in the east end of the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; eastern Washington to California, east to Idaho, Utah, and Arizona.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert on dry rocky slopes, loose soil, sand or ash, sometimes along roadsides.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
• ssp. boothii – Booth's evening primrose, Booth's mooncup
Eremothera minor – small-flowered evening-primrose, green river suncup
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where disjunct; southeastern Oregon to California, east to south-central Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert, often where vernally moist
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Eremothera pygmaea – dwarf suncup
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades in Washington; central Washington to southeastern Oregon, east to southwestern Idaho.
Habitat: Rocky or sandy slopes, talus, gravel washes, and disturbed areas in sagebrush desert.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Eriastrum wilcoxii – Wilcox's woolstar
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central Washington; central Washington to southern California, east to southern Idaho and western Utah.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert in sandy or stony soil.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Ericameria bloomeri – Bloomer's goldenweed, rabbitbrush goldenweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, rocky slopes and open woods, from the foothills to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Ericameria greenei – Greene's goldenweed, Greene's heath goldenweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascade crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, rocky slopes and open forests from middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Ericameria nauseosa – common rabbit-brush
Distribution: Chiefly east of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Montana.
Habitat: Dry, open areas from the plains to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: August-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. nana – little rabbitbrush
• var. speciosa – rubber rabbitbrush
Ericameria resinosa – Columbia goldenweed, Columbian heath goldenweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Basalt cliffs and rock crevices in the plains and foothills, extending up to 6000 feet on the east slope of the Cascades.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron acris – bitter fleabane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America; circumboreal.
Habitat: Meadows, forest openings, and open slopes from middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial
• var. kamtschaticus – Kamchatka bitter fleabane
Erigeron aliceae – Alice's fleabane, Eastwood's fleabane
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in the Olympic Mountains and southward in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Moist to fairly dry, sandy, open areas at middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron annuus – annual fleabane, eastern daisy fleabane, sweet scabrous fleabane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Utah, not recorded for Montana, also from Great Plains east to the Atlantic.
Habitat: Moist, disturbed areas from the lowlands to middle elevations.
Origin: Native? Introduced in OR, status as a native in BC uncertain
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Erigeron aureus – golden fleabane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington, east to Alberta.
Habitat: Exposed rocky areas, cliffs, and ridges in subalpine to alpine areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August.
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron basalticus – basalt fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest where endemic to Kittitas and Yakima counties in Washington.
Habitat: Cliff crevices in rocky canyons.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron bloomeri – Bloomer's fleabane, scabland fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central and southeastern Washington; central Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, open, rocky areas at low to moderate elevations
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. bloomeri – Bloomer's fleabane, scabland fleabane
Erigeron caespitosus – tufted fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Washington, Idaho, Utah, and Arizona, east to the northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Dry, open, and often rocky places in sagebrush
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron chrysopsidis – dwarf yellow fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Shrub-steppe to open slopes of forests at middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. chrysopsidis – dwarf yellow fleabane, golden fleabane
Erigeron compositus – cutleaf daisy, dwarf mountain fleabane, fernleaf fleabane, trifid mountain fleabane
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the northern Great Plains, also in northern and eastern Canada.
Habitat: Sandy riverbanks at low elevations to rocky outcrops at mid- to high elevation in the mountains
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron corymbosus – foothill fleabane, longleaf fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to eastern Oregon, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Open, usually dry places, often among sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron davisii – Davis's daisy, Davis's fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to northeastern Oregon and adjacent Idaho.
Habitat: Rocky ridges and slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron disparipilus – Snake River fleabane, white cushion fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the Snake River area in southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to southeastern Oregon, east to southwestern Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, rocky hillsides at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron divergens
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Great Plains of the U.S.
Habitat: Meadows, grasslands, riverbanks, and forest openings from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
Erigeron eatonii – Eaton's fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central and southeastern Washington; central Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Grasslands, sagebrush, dry slopes, and forest openings at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. villosus – Eaton's shaggy fleabane
Erigeron elatus – swamp fleabane
Distribution: Reported east of the Cascades crest in north-central Washington; Alaska to Washington, east across Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Wet meadows, edges of ponds, and forested wetlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron filifolius – Peck's threadleaf fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Idaho, and Utah.
Habitat: Sagebrush plains, dry slopes, and grasslands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron flettii – Flett's fleabane, Olympic Mt. fleabane
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympic Mountains in Washington, where endemic.
Habitat: Cliffs and other rocky places in the subalpine and alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron glacialis – glacier fleabane
Distribution: Widely distributed in the mountains throughout Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moist, open areas at mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. glacialis – subalpine fleabane
Erigeron howellii – Howell's fleabane
Distribution: Known only from Skamania County in Washington; Skamania County, WA to Clackamas and Multnomah counties in Oregon.
Habitat: Moist, rocky places in the lowlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron inornatus – California rayless fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Nevada.
Habitat: Dry slopes and forest openings, often where sandy or rocky.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. inornatus – California rayless fleabane
Erigeron leibergii – Leiberg's fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in In the Wenatchee Mountains of Okanogan, Chelan and Kittitas counties; British Columbia to Washington.
Habitat: Cliffs and rocky places at moderate to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron linearis – desert yellow daisy, lineleaf fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Dry, open, often rocky areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron lonchophyllus – short-rayed fleabane, spear-leaved fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northern Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and eastern Canada.
Habitat: Streambanks, bogs, ponds, wet meadows, ditches, gravelly places along roads at middle to high elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Erigeron nivalis – northern daisy
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Rocky soil areas from middle elevations in the mountains to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Erigeron oreganus – Gorge fleabane, Oregon fleabane
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Columbia River Gorge in Washington to adjacent Gorge area in Oregon.
Habitat: Moist shady cliffs and ledges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron peregrinus – wandering fleabane
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest on the Olympic Peninsula and in the North Cascades; Alaska to Washington, east to Alberta.
Habitat: Low elevation bogs and wetlands, and subalpine and alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. peregrinus – wandering daisy
• var. thompsonii – Thompson's wandering fleabane
Erigeron philadelphicus – Philadelphia fleabane
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist, open forests at low to mid-elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
• var. glaber – smooth Philadelphia fleabane
• var. philadelphicus – Philadelphia fleabane
Erigeron piperianus – Piper's fleabane
Distribution: Endemic to Washington, where occurring east of the Cascades crest from north-central to south-central Washington.
Habitat: Dry, open places, often in sandy soil among sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron poliospermus – hairy-seeded daisy, cushion fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to western Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, open, typically rocky areas, often with sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. cereus – Kittitas fleabane
• var. poliospermus – hairy seeded daisy, cushion fleabane
Erigeron pumilus – shaggy fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Great Plains.
Habitat: Open places in the foothills, valleys and plains, often among sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. intermedius – shaggy fleabane
• var. pumilus – shaggy fleabane
Erigeron salishii – Salish fleabane, star peak fleabane
Distribution: Ocurring east of the Cascades crest in the North and Central Cascade Mountains in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to central Washington.
Habitat: Cliffs, ridges, ledges and gravelly slopes at mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron speciosus – showy daisy, showy fleabane, splendid fleabane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Prairies and forest openings from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron strigosus – branched fleabane, daisy fleabane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, thickets, forest edge, and other open, disturbed areas from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
• var. septentrionalis – prairie fleabane
• var. strigosus – branching fleabane, daisy fleabane
Erigeron subtrinervis – three-veined fleabane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moderately dry, open places at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eriogonum baileyi – Bailey's buckwheat
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the central region of Washington; northern Washington to California, east to Idaho and Utah.
Habitat: Sand or gravel flats and slopes, grassland and shrub-steppe, open forest, and washes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June (September-October)
Growth Duration: Annual
• var. baileyi – Bailey's buckwheat
Eriogonum cernuum – nodding buckwheat
Distribution: Occurring only in Franklin County, where disjunct from primary range of species; Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Sand, gravel or clay slopes and flats, shrub-steppe, and grasslands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eriogonum codium – basalt desert buckwheat, Umtanum buckwheat
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where endemic to Benton County.
Habitat: Volcanic soils in sagebrush along the Columbia River.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eriogonum compositum – arrow-leaf buckwheat, northern buckwheat
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, open areas, rocky slopes and cliffs from low elevations nearly to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. compositum – northern buckwheat
• var. lancifolium – wild buckwheat
• var. leianthum – smooth arrow-leaf wild buckwheat
Eriogonum douglasii – Douglas's buckwheat
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, chiefly in the central region; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Sagebrush or juniper flats to ponderosa pine forests, often on lithosol.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. douglasii – Douglas' buckwheat
Eriogonum elatum – rush buckwheat, tall buckwheat
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to southern Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Sand and gravel slopes and flats, grasslands, sagebrush desert, ponderosa pine forest openings, and montane ridges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. elatum – tall buckwheat
Eriogonum flavum – yellow buckwheat
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southeastern Washington; Alaska to northeastern Oregon, east to the northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Open knolls in grasslands to alpine ridges and scree.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. piperi – Piper's buckwheat, yellow buckwheat
Eriogonum heracleoides – bractless parsnip-flowered wild buckwheat, parsnip-flowered buckwheat, parsnip-flowered eriogonum
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming and Colorado.
Habitat: Deeper soil of shrub-steppe to ponderosa pine forests and rocky ridges at middle elevation in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eriogonum maculatum – spotted buckwheat
Distribution: Collected once (1884) in Yakima County in Washington and now considered extirpated; southeastern Oregon to southwestern Idaho, south to Baja California, Mexioca and east to New Mexico.
Habitat: Sand, gravel or clay slopes and flats, grassland, and shrub-steppe.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Eriogonum marifolium – marum-leaf wild buckwheat, mountain buckwheat
Distribution: Reported from east of the Cascades crest in Washington, but no specimens seen; central Washington to California, east to northwestern Nevada.
Habitat: Gravelly flats in lodgepole and ponderosa pine forests to alpine ridges and talus slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. marifolium – marum-leaf wild buckwheat, mountain buckwheat
Eriogonum microtheca – slender buckwheat
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central Washington; central Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Sandy deserts to lower mountain slopes, chiefly with sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. laxiflorum – Great Basin slender buckwheat, Great Basin wild buckwheat
Eriogonum niveum – snow buckwheat
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert, dry ponderosa pine forest openings, in deep or sandy soil.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eriogonum nudum – bare-stem buckwheat, naked buckwheat
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in southern Washington; southern Washington to California and Nevada.
Habitat: Sandy or rocky places from the lowlands to subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. nudum – barestem buckwheat, naked buckwheat
Eriogonum ovalifolium – cushion buckwheat, oval-leaved eriogonum
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Sagebrush deserts, juniper and ponderosa pine forests, to alpine ridges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. nivale – Sierra cushion buckwheat
• var. ovalifolium – cushion wild buckwheat
• var. purpureum – purple cushion wild buckwheat
Eriogonum pyrolifolium – alpine buckwheat, oarleaf buckwheat, Shasta wild buckwheat
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Open, often rocky areas, from middle elevations to the alpine in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eriogonum sphaerocephalum – rock buckwheat, round-headed eriogonum
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Sagebrush or juniper flats to ponderosa pine forests at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. halimioides – rock buckwheat
• var. sphaerocephalum – rock buckwheat
• var. sublineare – scabland wild buckwheat
Eriogonum strictum – strict buckwheat
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Montana, Idaho, and Nevada.
Habitat: Sandy or rocky soils, sagebrush desert to ponderosa pine forests.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. anserinum – Goose Lake wild buckwheat
• var. proliferum – strict buckwheat
• var. strictum – strict buckwheat
Eriogonum thymoides – thyme buckwheat, thyme-leaf wild buckwheat
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central Washington; central Washington to Oregon, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Sagebrush deserts, dry ponderosa pine forest openings, and open ridges in lower mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eriogonum umbellatum – sulfur buckwheat, sulfurflower
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Sagebrush deserts to alpine rocky ridges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. devestivum – emperor's sulfur flower
• var. ellipticum – starry sulfur flower
• var. haussknechtii – Haussknecht's sulfur flower
• var. hypoleium – Kittitas sulfur flower
• var. majus – subalpine sulfur flower
• var. sandbergii – Sandberg's sulfur flower
Eriogonum vimineum – broom buckwheat
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Sagebrush deserts and dry ponderosa pine forest openings; tolerant of dry, disturbed conditions.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Eriophorum angustifolium – many-spiked bog cotton, many-spiked cotton-grass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and eastern North America.
Habitat: Cold swamps and bogs at middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. angustifolium – many-spiked cottongrass
Eriophorum chamissonis – Chamisso's cotton-grass, russet cotton-grass
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and in the northeastern corner of Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, and Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Swamps and other wet places from along the coast to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eriophorum gracile – slender cotton-grass
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, east across Canada to the Great Lakes region and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Wet places, middle to high elevation in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eriophorum virginicum – tawny cotton-grass
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to northwestern Washington; native to eastern North America.
Habitat: Peatlands and cranberry farms.
Origin: Introduced from eastern North America
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eriophorum viridicarinatum – tassel cotton-grass
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington; Alaska to northeastern Washington, Idaho, western Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado, east across the northern Great Plains to the Great Lakes, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Cold swamps and peatlands in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eriophyllum lanatum – Oregon sunshine, common woolly sunflower
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Dry, open, often rocky areas at low elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. integrifolium – Oregon sunshine
• var. lanatum – common woolly sunflower
• var. leucophyllum – common woolly sunflower
Eritrichium argenteum – alpine forget-me-not
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where known only from Chelan County. Washington to Oregon, east to Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico.
Habitat: Coarse, rocky soils of alpine slopes and summits.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erodium botrys – longbeak stork's-bill
Distribution: Currently known in Washington only from Klickitat County; Washington to California, also in Texas and scattered states in the northeastern U.S.
Habitat: Disturbed, open ground.
Origin: Introduced from the Mediterranean
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Erodium cicutarium – common stork's-bill, redstem
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, lawns, balds, prairies, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Annual
• ssp. cicutarium – redstem stork's-bill
Eruca vesicaria – arugula
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Grain fields and waste ground.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
• ssp. sativa – garden rocket
Erucastrum gallicum – dog mustard, hairy rocket
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Eryngium articulatum – bee-thistle, bee-thistle eryngo
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest along the eastern border of Washington; disjunct in eastern Washington and adjacent Idaho, otherwise southwestern Oregon to California.
Habitat: Low ground along streams and lakes, often where submerged.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eryngium petiolatum – Oregon eryngo, rush-leaf eryngo
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southwestern Washington and in the Columbia River Gorge; southern Washington through the Willamette Valley to southwestern Oregon.
Habitat: Low ground, especially in places submerged in spring and drying out in summer.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erysimum arenicola – sand-dwelling wallflower
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon.
Habitat: Open ridges and rock crevices, middle elevations to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erysimum capitatum – sand dune wallflower
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the southern Great Plains, and the midwestern and mid-Atlantic U.S.
Habitat: Often in sandy soil, from sagebrush desert plains to alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
• var. capitatum – prairie rocket, rough wallflower
Erysimum cheiranthoides – treacle mustard, wormseed wallflower
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas including fields, roadsides and wastelots, often where moist.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Erysimum cheiri – Aegean wallflower
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, and in scattered locations in eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, often escaped from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erysimum occidentale – pale wallflower, western wallflower
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; northern Washington to eastern Oregon.
Habitat: Sagebrush hills and valleys.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Erysimum repandum – spreading wallflower
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Wasteland in dry areas, plains and lower mountains.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Erythranthe alsinoides – chickweed monkey-flower, wing-stem monkey-flower
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Shady, vernally (springtime) moist places on cliffs and ledges, especially at low elevations; often growing in moss mats.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Erythranthe ampliata – Nez Perce monkey-flower
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in far southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to western Montana, possibly also in southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, and northwestern Wyoming.
Habitat: Basalt outcrops and seeps in grasslands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Erythranthe arvensis – field monkey-flower
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to southern Idaho, Utah, and Nevada, disjunct in west-central Montana.
Habitat: Open slopes and stream bank.;
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Erythranthe breviflora – short-flowered monkey-flower
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho, Montana, and Nevada.
Habitat: Moist and wet open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Erythranthe breweri – Brewer's monkey-flower
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Dry to moist open woods and meadows from middle elevations in the mountains to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Erythranthe caespitosa – large mountain monkey-flower
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympics and Cascades mountains of Washington; British Columbia south to Oregon, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Wet meadows and wet, rocky slopes at high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erythranthe cardinalis – scarlet monkey-flower
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to the southern Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Streambanks, where escaped from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erythranthe decora – sharp-leaved monkey-flower, showy monkey-flower
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to southwestern Oregon, also in northern Idaho.
Habitat: Moist to wet open areas from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erythranthe dentata – coastal monkey-flower, tooth-leaved monkey-flower
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to northern California.
Habitat: Stream banks and other moist places to wet places from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erythranthe floribunda – purple-stem monkey-flower
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest and west into the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; southern British Columbia to Mexico, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moist open places at moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Erythranthe grandis – large monkey-flower
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Coastal areas including bluffs, dunes, wet cliff faces, marshes, ditches, lake and pond margins, and stream banks.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erythranthe guttata – seep monkey-flower, yellow monkey-flower
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Wet places, from sea level to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
Erythranthe inflatula – disappearing monkey-flower
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Klickitat County in Washington; south-central Washington to northeastern California, east to southwestern Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Moist to wet open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Erythranthe jungermannioides – liverwort monkey-flower
Distribution: Known historically from east of the Cascades crest in Klickitat County in Washington, but now considered extirpated; south-central Washington to adjacent Oregon, and south along the Deschutes River to the Maupin area.
Habitat: Moss mats, basalt crevices, and cliffs at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erythranthe lewisii – great purple monkey-flower
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Montana, Wyoming and Colorado.
Habitat: Common in wet meadows and along rivers and streams from middle to high elevations in the mountains, occasionally found along low elevation rivers.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erythranthe microphylla – small-leaved monkey-flower
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; central British Columbia to California, east to western Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Rocky slopes, wet meadows, streambanks, and seeps from lowland areas to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Erythranthe moschata – musk-flower, musk-plant
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Stream banks, moist meadows and seeps, low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erythranthe nasuta – large-nose monkey-flower, snouted monkey-flower
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Baja California, east to Idaho, Utah, and New Mexico.
Habitat: Rocky or moist slopes, stream banks, and seeps.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Erythranthe patula – stalk-leaved monkey-flower
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southeastern Washington; southeast Washington to adjacent northeast Oregon and adjacent west-central Idaho.
Habitat: Vernally moist areas, seeps, and stream banks from the lowlands to the middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Erythranthe primuloides – primrose monkey-flower
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico.
Habitat: Wet meadows and boggy areas at middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erythranthe ptilota – sessile-leaved monkey-flower
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Wet places generally at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erythranthe pulsiferae – candelabrum monkey-flower, Pulsifer's monkey-flower
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in south-central Washington; south-central Washington to California,
Habitat: Vernally moist areas, seeps, and stream banks from the lowlands to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Erythranthe scouleri – Scouler's monkey-flower
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades in southwestern Washington; southwestern British Columbia to northwestern Oregon.
Habitat: Seeps, stream and river banks at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erythranthe suksdorfii – miniature monkey-flower
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in central Washington; north-central Washington to southern California, east to Colorado and Arizona.
Habitat: Open, moist to rather dry places, from the valleys and foothills to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Erythranthe washingtonensis – Washington monkey-flower
Distribution: Occurring east of the cascades crest in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; south-central Washington to adjacent north-central Oregon.
Habitat: Shallow or gravelly soils of vernally moist areas at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Erythronium grandiflorum – yellow fawn-lily, glacier-lily
Distribution: Widely distributed in mountainous and forested areas across Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Balds and forest openings from sea level to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. chrysandrum – yellow fawn-lily
• var. grandiflorum – yellow fawn-lily, glacier-lily
• var. pallidum – pale-anthered glacier-lily
Erythronium idahoense – Idaho fawn-lily
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington; eastern Washington to adjacent Idaho and western Montana.
Habitat: Grasslands and ponderosa pine forest openings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erythronium montanum – avalanche-lily, white avalanche-lily
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Coast Range and Vancouver Island in British Columbia to Oregon.
Habitat: Forest openings and mountain meadows, subalpine to alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erythronium oregonum – deer's tongue, giant fawn-lily, wild easter lily
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in the Puget Sound lowlands and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Prairies, rocky balds, moist woods; at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
• ssp. oregonum – giant fawn lily, wild easter lily, deer's tongue
Erythronium quinaultense – Olympic fawn-lily, Quinault trout-lily
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington, where endemic to Grays Harbor and Jefferson counties.
Habitat: Coniferous forest understory and edge, and moist slopes at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erythronium revolutum – coast fawn-lily, mahogany fawn-lily, pink fawn-lily
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to northwest California.
Habitat: Along river banks and the edge of woods, in open or in moderate shade.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eschscholzia californica – California poppy
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho, Arizona and New Mexico.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, balds, prairies, parks, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Oregon
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
• ssp. californica – California poppy
Eucephalus engelmannii – Engelmann's aster
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Nevada, east to Alberta, Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado.
Habitat: Open woods and slopes, from foothills to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eucephalus glaucescens – Klickitat aster
Distribution: Endemic to the Mt. Adams area on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington.
Habitat: Forest openings and meadows at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eucephalus ledophyllus – Cascade aster
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; northern Washington to California.
Habitat: Meadows and open woods, from middle elevations in the mountains to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. ledophyllus – Cascade aster
Eucephalus paucicapitatus – Olympic Mountain aster
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympic Mountains in Washington; Vancouver Island, British Columbia to the Olympic Mountains in Washington.
Habitat: Open slopes, from middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Euclidium syriacum – euclidium, Syrian mustard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also along the coast in northeastern U.S.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Euonymus europaeus – European spindle tree
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed east of the Mississippi in the U.S. and in eastern Canada.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, often where moist.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Euonymus fortunei
Origin: Introduced
Euonymus occidentalis – burning bush, western wahoo
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southwestern Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Moist woods at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. occidentalis – western wahoo
Euphorbia agraria – urban spurge
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington; also in Montana, and scattered locations eastward to eastern North America.
Habitat: Fields and grasslands, where disturbed.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Euphorbia cyparissias – cypress spurge
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed areas where often escaped from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Euphorbia glyptosperma – rib seed sandmat, corrugate seeded spurge, ridge seeded spurge
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Dry, sandy soil, from the plains to the lower mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Euphorbia helioscopia – summer spurge, sun spurge, wart spurge, wartweed
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the northern Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains, Texas, and eastern North America.
Habitat: Weed of cultivated areas and abondoned gardens.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Euphorbia lathyris – mole plant, gopher plant, caper spurge
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California east to Idaho, Montana, Arizona, and Texas; widely distributed in eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed soil and wasteland.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Annual
Euphorbia maculata – sandmat, milk spurge, spotted spurge
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed soil and waste areas.
Origin: Introduced from eastern North America
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Euphorbia myrsinites – broad leaved glaucous spurge, myrtle spurge
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Disturbed areas often arid areas or dry soils.
Origin: Introduced from Mediterranean
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Euphorbia oblongata – balkan spurge, egg-leaf spurge
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Euphorbia peplus – petty spurge
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Weed of disturbed ground.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-November
Growth Duration: Annual
Euphorbia serpillifolia – thyme-leaved spurge
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Baja California, east to the Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and eastern North America.
Habitat: Dry ground from the plains to the lower mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Annual
• ssp. serpillifolia
Euphorbia serrulata – upright spurge
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington.
Habitat: Disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Euphorbia spathulata – reticulate seeded spurge, spatulate leaved spurge, warty spurge
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; eastern Washington to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist open areas, prairies, and woodlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
Euphorbia virgata – wolf's milk, leafy spurge
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Noxious weed of disturbed soils
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Euphrasia nemorosa – common eyebright, hairy eyebright
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Alberta and Montana; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, and other distrubed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Eurybia conspicua – western showy aster
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to the northern Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Open woods, from foothills to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eurybia integrifolia – thickstem aster
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Dry meadows, open coniferous forests, and riparian areas from middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eurybia merita – subalpine aster
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, Utah, and the northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Open, mesic or dry, rocky areas in the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eurybia radulina – rough-leaved aster
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Rocky outcroppings, forest edges and openings at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eurybia sibirica – arctic aster
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Washington, east to Northwest Territory, Nunavut, Alberta, Idaho, and Montana.
Habitat: Rocky outcroppings, open slopes, and meadows in the subalpine and alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Euthamia graminifolia – fragrant goldenrod, grass-leaved goldenrod
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Oregon, east to Idaho; native from the Great Plains to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Lowland fields, lakeshores, and wastelots.
Origin: Introduced from central and eastern North America
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Euthamia occidentalis – western goldenrod, western goldentop
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains of the U.S.
Habitat: Stream and river banks, lake and pond margins, wetlands, and other moist areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eutrochium maculatum – spotted Joe-pye weed
Distribution: Known only from Whatcom County in Washington; southern British Columbia to Washington, east across the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Swamps and other moist, open places, from sea level to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
• var. bruneri – Joepyeweed, Joe-pye weed
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