Beardless rabbit's-foot grass (Polypogon viridis)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Texas; also in the northeastern U.S.
Habitat: Shores of streams and rivers, dredge spoils.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Mediterranean rabbit's-foot grass (Polypogon maritimus)
Distribution: Known from east of the Cascades crest in Klickitat County in Washington; Washington to California, east to Nevada; also in southeastern North America.
Habitat: Shoreline of ponds, lakes and rivers.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual

Green rabbit-brush (Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert to ponderosa pine forest openings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Northwestern rabbit-tobacco (Pseudognaphalium thermale)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana and Utah.
Habitat: Dry, sandy banks and ditches, open woods of ponderosa pine and Douglas fir, and mixed deciduous forests.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Common rabbitleaf (Lagophylla ramosissima)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Montana, Idaho, and Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, open areas in sagebrush plains and foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Radish (Raphanus sativus)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Waste places.
Origin: Introduced, probably from Mediterranean Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial

Ragged robin (Clarkia pulchella)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to South Dakota.
Habitat: Dry, open slopes, low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual

Bur ragweed (Ambrosia acanthicarpa)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to the Great Plains.
Habitat: Sandy soils, dunes, and other well-drained soils in open areas at low to middle elevations, often locally common.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Annual

Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed sites, often where moist.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Annual

Western ragweed (Ambrosia psilostachya)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial

Arrowleaf ragwort (Senecio triangularis)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moist places and streambanks from the lowlands to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Olympic Mountain ragwort (Senecio neowebsteri)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest, where endemic to the Olympic Mountains of Washington.
Habitat: Talus slopes and rocky places.
Origin: Native
Flowers: Aug.-Sept.
Growth Duration: Perennial

Siskiyou Mountain ragwort (Packera macounii)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Open woods and dry, open places at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Tansy ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Montana; also in northeastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, pastures, forest edges, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Scorzonera-leaved rampion (Phyteuma scorzonerifolium)
Distribution: Known in Washington from a single population in King County, WA.
Habitat: Disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Blackcap raspberry (Rubus leucodermis)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to southern California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Thickets, forest edge and openings, fields, and hillsides from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Dark raspberry (Rubus nigerrimus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest, where endemic along the Snake River in Whitman County, Washington;
Habitat: Moist hillsides, usually along streams.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Northwest raspberry (Rubus nigerrimus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest, where endemic along the Snake River in Whitman County, Washington;
Habitat: Moist hillsides, usually along streams.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Wet or dry woodland to open and often rocky mountain slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Strawberry-leaf raspberry (Rubus pedatus)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Alberta, Idaho, and Montana.
Habitat: Moist areas, open banks to dense forests, near sea level to timberline
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Giant rattlesnake-plantain (Goodyera oblongifolia)
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout the mountainous and forested areas on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, Great Lakes Region, and eastern North America.
Habitat: Dry to moist forests, from sea level to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Western rattlesnake-root (Nabalus hastatus)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Alberta, Idaho, and Montana.
Habitat: Streambanks, forest edge, and moist, shaded places from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Western red cedar (Thuja plicata)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to northern California, east to Alberta, Idaho, and Montana.
Habitat: Moist or swampy areas from sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Cones: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial

Red maids (Calandrinia menziesii)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Arizona and New Mexico.
Habitat: Gravelly to heavy soil, usually where vernally moist, at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Annual

Redshank (Persicaria maculosa)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: A weedy species, usually on moist, cultivated or otherwise disturbed soil.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: March-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Valley redstem (Ammannia coccinea)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington, where known only in King County for a restoration site; California east along Mexican border to central and eastern U.S.
Habitat: Restored wetland.
Origin: Introduced from the southern U.S.
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Redwood-sorrel (Oxalis oregana)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Casades crest in Washington; Olympic Mountains and west slope of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia south to California.
Habitat: Moist woods, low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Bluejoint reedgrass (Calamagrostis canadensis)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, and eastern North America.
Habitat: Wet places, sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Howell's reedgrass (Calamagrostis howellii)
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; south-central Washington to adjacent Oregon.
Habitat: Rocky banks and crevices.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Purple reedgrass (Calamagrostis purpurascens)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, and east across the northern Great Plains to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Montane forest openings to subalpine meadows and alpine tundra.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Slimstem reedgrass (Calamagrostis stricta)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Wetlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Blunt-leaf rein-orchid (Platanthera obtusata)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Okanogan County, Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Montana, Wyoming and Colorado, east across Canada to the Great Lakes region and northeastern North America; Eurasia.
Habitat: Damp to wet forests at mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Hillside rein orchid (Platanthera elegans)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Mostly in dry, open woods and hills where moist in spring.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

White rein-orchid (Platanthera dilatata)
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest through the mountainous and forested areas of Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains; also from the Great Lakes region east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Wet meadows, forest openings, and streambanks from low elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Serrate resinweed (Grindelia squarrosa)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across southern Canada and most of the United States to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Dry, open, often sandy places, at low to middle elevations, often where disturbed.
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual

California rhododendron (Rhododendron macrophyllum)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Moist woods, sea level to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

White rhododendron (Rhododendron albiflorum)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Alberta, Idaho, and Montana.
Habitat: Moist, usually forested, slopes, middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Indian rice (Fritillaria camschatcensis)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in northwestern Washington; Alaska to Oregon.
Habitat: Moist areas from near tide flats to mountain meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Richardson's ricegrass (Achnatherum richardsonii)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to northeastern Oregon, east to the Canadian Great Plains and south in the Rocky Mountains to Colorado.
Habitat: Sandy and gravelly sites in grassland, open forest, and sagebrush grassland.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

White-grain mountain ricegrass (Oryzopsis asperifolia)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington; Yukon Territory to Washington, east to the Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Open coniferous woods.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Cascades rock-brake (Cryptogramma cascadensis)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Montana
Habitat: Cliff crevices and talus slopes at mid- to high elevations in the mountains, occasionally descending to sea level in humid areas.
Origin: Native
Spores: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Slender rock-brake (Cryptogramma stelleri)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in northern Washington; Alaska to northern Nevada, east to the Rocky Mountains; also in the Great Lakes region and northeastern North America.
Habitat: moist, shaded cliffs sand ledges, often on calcareous rocks, middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Slender-stem rock-jasmine (Androsace filiformis)
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; south-central Washington to adjacent north-central Oregon, east to Idaho, Montana, Utah and Colorado; also in northern California.
Habitat: Damp to wet meadows, shores, riparian flats and thickets.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Calder's rockcress (Boechera calderi)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the northern and central Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Subalpine ridges and meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Cascade rockcress (Arabis furcata)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon.
Habitat: Open slopes, meadows, and ridgelines in alpine and subalpine areas, and exposed areas in the Columbia River Gorge.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Columbia Gorge rockcress (Arabis furcata)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon.
Habitat: Open slopes, meadows, and ridgelines in alpine and subalpine areas, and exposed areas in the Columbia River Gorge.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Crosshaired rockcress (Arabis crucisetosa)
Distribution: Occurring in the southeastern corner of Washington; Snake River canyon, Asotin County, Washington, east to west-central Idaho.
Habitat: Wet banks to moist soil or coniferous woods.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Dangle-pod rockcress (Boechera pendulocarpa)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Sagebrush, ponderosa pine openings, and open slopes at middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Drummond's rockcress (Boechera stricta)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska o California, east to the Rocky Mountains, and east along the northern U.S. and southern Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Open areas in the forest from middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Few-flowered rockcress (Boechera pauciflora)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia o California, east to Montana and Utah.
Habitat: Sagebrush and ponderosa pine openings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Graham's rockcress (Boechera grahamii)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington; Alaska to Washington, east across Canada and the northern U.S. to New England.
Habitat: Rocky and sandy soil, prairies to open forest.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Hoary rockcress (Boechera puberula)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to southern Idaho and Utah.
Habitat: Rocky slopes and hillsides among sagebrush or open woodlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Lemmon's rockcress (Boechera lemmonii)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Alpine meadows, ridges and talus slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Lyall's rockcress (Boechera lyallii)
Distribution: Widely distributed in the mountains throughout Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Subalpine to alpine ridges, cliffs, and drier meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Many-flowered rockcress (Boechera polyantha)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; south-central British Columbia to northeastern Oregon, east to western Montana and southwestern Idaho.
Habitat: Open, rocky or gravelly areas from low to middle elevations
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Mt. Adams rockcress (Boechera paddoensis)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest from the Wenatchee Mountains to the Mt. Adams area; Washington to northeastern Oregon.
Habitat: Alpine slopes and talus.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Nuttall's rockcress (Arabis nuttallii)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; eastern British Columbia to eastern Washington, east to Alberta, Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Moist flats, often sheltered by shrubs, from the foothills to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Pacific coast rockcress (Arabis eschscholtziana)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the northern Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Open areas, often in waste places, from sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial

Rockcress (Aubrieta deltoidea)
Habitat: Disturbed areas, where escaping from nearby cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Small-flowered rockcress (Boechera pauciflora)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia o California, east to Montana and Utah.
Habitat: Sagebrush and ponderosa pine openings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Small-leaved rockcress (Boechera microphylla)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to eastern Oregon, east to Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Low montane to subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Western rockcress (Arabidopsis kamchatica)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in northwestern Washington; Alaska to Washington, east to Northwest Territory and Sasketchewan.
Habitat: Subalpine and alpine scree and talus slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

American wintercress rocket (Barbarea orthoceras)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Meadows, stream banks and moist woods, low to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-July
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Dyer's rocket (Reseda luteola)
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California; scattered locations in central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed ground at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Biennial

False London rocket (Sisymbrium loeselii)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Nevada, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides and drier disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial

Tall rocket (Sisymbrium altissimum)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Shrub-steppe, grasslands, and waste ground, especially following rangeland fires.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial

Yellow rocket (Barbarea vulgaris)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Garden escape, found chiefly in wet places.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Biennial

Olympic Mountain rockmat (Petrophytum hendersonii)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest, where endemic to the Olympic Mountains.
Habitat: Rocky cliffs and talus slopes at middle to high elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Cucumber root (Streptopus amplexifolius)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also in northeastern North America.
Habitat: Open to dense moist forests from low elevations to subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Clustered rose (Rosa pisocarpa)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; southern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Thickets, stream banks, and swampy places at lower elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washinton; British Columbia to California; east to the southern Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, and eastern North America where widespread.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, highway and utility right of ways, forest edge, and other often moist, disturbed areas where escaping from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Asia
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Peafruit rose (Rosa pisocarpa)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; southern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Thickets, stream banks, and swampy places at lower elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Rambler rose (Rosa multiflora)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washinton; British Columbia to California; east to the southern Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, and eastern North America where widespread.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, highway and utility right of ways, forest edge, and other often moist, disturbed areas where escaping from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Asia
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Sweetbrier rose (Rosa rubiginosa)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, though more common west of the crest; southern British Columbia to California, east to Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado, further east from the Great Plains to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, thickets, shorelines, pastures, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced Eurasia and northern Africa
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Roseroot (Rhodiola integrifolia)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also in the Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Cliffs, talus and ridges, subalpine to alpine, generally where moist in early summer.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Hairy rupturewort (Herniaria hirsuta)
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California and Arizona, also in scattered locations in eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed sandy flats, roadsides, and woodlands at low elevation.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia and northern Africa
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Baltic rush (Juncus balticus)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the norther Great Plains.
Habitat: Wet places, often where saline or alkaline.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Blue rush (Juncus inflexus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; south-central Washington to northern Oregon; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Wet pastures and ditches.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia and northern Africa
Flowers: May-July

Bolander's rush (Juncus bolanderi)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to coastal California.
Habitat: Marshes and river bottoms from tidelands to the lower mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Brown-fruited rush (Juncus pelocarpus)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington along the coast; southwestern British Columbia to southwestern Oregon.
Habitat: Sandy or peaty shores, and ditches; coastal, often near cranberry farms;
Origin: Introduced from northeastern North America
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Canadian rush (Juncus canadensis)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; also in Oregon, otherwise widespread east of the Mississippi River.
Habitat: Brackish swamps, acid bogs, tidal flats and beaches.
Origin: Introduced from eastern North America
Flowers: June - July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Colorado rush (Juncus confusus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Springs, shores, washes, moist or drying meadows, and ditches.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Common rush (Juncus pylaei)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington; south-central British Columbia to northern Oregon and western Idaho.
Habitat: Ditches, canals, wet pastures, and marshes.
Origin: Introduced from eastern North America
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Coville's rush (Juncus covillei)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Shores, peatlands, wet meadows, and ditches.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Daggerleaf rush (Juncus ensifolius)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and eastern Canada.
Habitat: Shores of ponds and streams, wet meadows, fens, seeps, and ditches from low to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Drummond's rush (Juncus drummondii)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Alpine to subalpine meadows, streambanks, talus slopes and ridges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Dwarf rush (Juncus hemiendytus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho, Utah, and Nevada.
Habitat: Vernal pools, streams and shores.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Foothill rush (Juncus trilocularis)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho, Montana, and Nevada.
Habitat: Vernally damp meadows, springs, shores, moist open forests, and ditches.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Hair-leaved rush (Juncus supiniformis)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California.
Habitat: Often in shallow water, peaty or sandy shores, marshes, and bog pools.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Inch-high rush (Juncus uncialis)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Nevada.
Habitat: Vernal pools, drying shores,and rocky swales.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual

Joint-leaved rush (Juncus articulatus)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Southern Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Wet places, from tidelands to streams or lake margins in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Kellogg's rush (Juncus kelloggii)
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Stream banks, floodplains, wet prairie, swales, and vernal pools.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Knotty leaf rush (Juncus acuminatus)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Ditches, lake margins, meadows and other wet places.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Mertens' rush (Juncus mertensianus)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Wet places along streams and lakes, mid- to high elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Flowers: July - September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Narrow-panicled rush (Juncus tweedyi)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest along the coast in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, scattered eastward across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Often near cranberry farms, on sandy and peaty shores or ditches,
Origin: Native in interior Washington, introduced along the coast.
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Northern rush (Juncus alpinoarticulatus)
Distribution: Occurring in scattered location on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; scattered throughout North America from Alaska to Washington, east across Canada and central U.S. to northeastern North America.
Habitat: Wet meadows, pond and lake shores.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Parry's rush (Juncus parryi)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Exposed rocky slopes and stream banks from middle elevations to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Pointed rush (Juncus oxymeris)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Wet meadows, wet prairies, shores, swales, and freshwater intertidal marshes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Regel's rush (Juncus regelii)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southeastern British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Shores, springs, wet meadows, and ditches.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Round-fruit rush (Juncus compressus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Shores, railroads, salted roadsides, vernal pools, ditches.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Sharp-fruited rush (Juncus acuminatus)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Ditches, lake margins, meadows and other wet places.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Short-fruit rush (Juncus brachycarpus)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; also occurring in eastern North America, where native.
Habitat: Vernal pools, wet prairie remnants, and ditches.
Origin: Introduced from central and eastern North America
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Slender rush (Juncus tenuis)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Shores, seeps, damp ground, and ditches.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Small scouring rush (Equisetum ×mackaii)
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Spreading rush (Juncus bulbosus)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east across northern Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Sandy or peaty shores of streams, and pools.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Spreading rush (Juncus supiniformis)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California.
Habitat: Often in shallow water, peaty or sandy shores, marshes, and bog pools.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Tapered rush (Juncus acuminatus)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Ditches, lake margins, meadows and other wet places.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Threeflower rush (Juncus drummondii)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Alpine to subalpine meadows, streambanks, talus slopes and ridges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Toad rush (Juncus bufonius)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast; circumboreal.
Habitat: Wet meadows, springs, mudflats, shores, seeps, vernal pools, ditches ,generally saline soil, damp dunes, salt marshes, and swales.
Origin: Native and introduced
Flowers: April-September
Growth Duration: Annual

Tuberous rush (Juncus nodosus)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California (not in Oregon), east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Shores, wet meadows, springs, and ditches.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Western rush (Juncus occidentalis)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and east in the Columbia River Gorge to Klickitat County in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California and Mexico.
Habitat: Wet prairies, shores, springs, vernal pools, and ditches.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Beardless wild rye (Elymus curvatus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington; southeastern British Columbia to northeastern Washington, east to the northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Moist soils of open forest, thickets, grasslands, ditches, and disturbed ground, especially on bottomland.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Cultivated rye (Secale cereale)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial

Narrow rye (Secale strictum)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where known only from Whitman County in Washington; also know from Crook County, Oregon.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial

English ryegrass (Lolium perenne)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest; Alaska to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Old fields, roadsides, and waste places.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides and waste ground.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Persian ryegrass (Lolium persicum)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington, east across the northern U.S. and Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial