Fairy-bells (Prosartes hookeri)
Distribution: Occurring in forested areas on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana.
Habitat: Moist, shady, wooded areas, sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Smith's fairy-bells (Prosartes smithii)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Open to dense moist woods at lower elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Northern fairy-candelabra (Androsace septentrionalis)
Distribution: Occurring in the North Cascades in Washington; Alaska to California; east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, and east to Newfoundland; circumpolar.
Habitat: Alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Annual

Fairy-slipper (Calypso bulbosa)
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, east across Canada to the Great Lakes region and eastern North America.
Habitat: Mostly in cool, deep shade of moist forests in soil rich in humus, sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

False agoseris (Nothocalais troximoides)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming and Utah.
Habitat: Dry, open areas from and foothills, especially in lithosol.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

California false hellebore (Veratrum californicum)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moist meadows and woodlands, lowlands to subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Pale false manna grass (Torreyochloa pallida)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and eastern North America.
Habitat: Lowland to subalpine lake and stream margins, bogs, swamps, and marshes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Tall false oat (Trisetum canescens)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moist to dry meadows and forest, stream banks, springs, and rocky slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Large false Solomon's seal (Maianthemum racemosum)
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains, also from the central U.S. to the Atlantic Coast of eastern North America.
Habitat: Open woodlands, forest edge, moist meadow and forest openings from sea level to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Okanogan fameflower (Phemeranthus sediformis)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in north-central Washington; southern British Columbia to northern Washington.
Habitat: Rocky, exposed slopes and ledges at lower elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Spiny fameflower (Phemeranthus spinescens)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; north-central Washington to north-central Oregon.
Habitat: Rocky, basaltic outcrops and sagebrush scabland.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Fanweed (Thlaspi arvense)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Weed of waste ground, low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Annual

Arewell-to-spring (Clarkia amoena)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Dry, open to wooded areas, at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Coast fawn-lily (Erythronium revolutum)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to northwest California.
Habitat: Along river banks and the edge of woods, in open or in moderate shade.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial

Idaho fawn-lily (Erythronium idahoense)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington; eastern Washington to adjacent Idaho and western Montana.
Habitat: Grasslands and ponderosa pine forest openings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Perennial

Olympic fawn-lily (Erythronium quinaultense)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington, where endemic to Grays Harbor and Jefferson counties.
Habitat: Coniferous forest understory and edge, and moist slopes at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Yellow fawn-lily (Erythronium grandiflorum)
Distribution: Widely distributed in mountainous and forested areas across Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Balds and forest openings from sea level to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Water feather (Myriophyllum aquaticum)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California and Idaho, east across the southwest to central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Ponds and slow-moving streams.
Origin: Introduced from South America
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Featherfew (Tanacetum parthenium)
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Nevada, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other distrubed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-November
Growth Duration: Perennial

Felwort (Swertia perennis)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in west-central Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains; circumboreal.
Habitat: Streambanks, wet meadows and other moist places, mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Bladder fern (Cystopteris fragilis)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across the northern half of North America to the Atlantic Coast; circumboreal.
Habitat: Moist to moderately dry, often rocky places, lowlands to above timberline
Origin: Native
Spores: April-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Brittle fern (Cystopteris fragilis)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across the northern half of North America to the Atlantic Coast; circumboreal.
Habitat: Moist to moderately dry, often rocky places, lowlands to above timberline
Origin: Native
Spores: April-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Common sword fern (Polystichum munitum)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Mexico, east to Montana, and disjunct in South Dakota.
Habitat: Moist coniferous woods, in open to deep shade; from sea-level to midmontane.
Origin: Native
Spores: Spores year-round on fronds
Growth Duration: Perennial

Duckweed fern (Azolla filiculoides)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Idaho and western Montana.
Habitat: Ponds, backwaters, slow-moving streams.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Annual

Giant chain fern (Woodwardia fimbriata)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washignton; Osouthern Vancouver Island to California, also in Nevada and Arizona.
Habitat: Mixed conifer and mixed conifer-hardwood forests, always where moist such as stream banks, springs, and seepy rocky outcrops.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Gold-back fern (Pentagramma triangularis)
Distribution: Occurring mostly west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Vancouver Island to Baja California, east to southwestern Washington and adjacent Idaho.
Habitat: Rock crevices and open, rocky slopes in the valleys and foothills
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Holly fern (Polystichum kruckebergii)
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympics and Cascades mountains in Washington; southeast Alaska to California, east to Montana, Idaho, Nevada and Utah.
Habitat: Open slopes, typically among rocks; tolerant of serpentine.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Hybrid oak fern (Gymnocarpium ×brittonianum)
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Kruckeberg's sword fern fern (Polystichum kruckebergii)
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympics and Cascades mountains in Washington; southeast Alaska to California, east to Montana, Idaho, Nevada and Utah.
Habitat: Open slopes, typically among rocks; tolerant of serpentine.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Lemmon's holly fern (Polystichum lemmonii)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in the northern half of Washington, southern British Columbia to northern California.
Habitat: Open, rocky slopes near timberline in the mountains, chiefly on serpentine.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Maidenhair fern (Adiantum aleuticum)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east sporadically to the Rocky Mountains, also in the Great Lakes region and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Moist woods and streambanks, from low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Marginal wood fern (Dryopteris arguta)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Baja California, east to Arizona, also in north-central Idaho.
Habitat: Mostly in the woods, but occasionally in more open areas.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Mosquito fern (Azolla microphylla)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Texas.
Habitat: Ponds and backwaters, mostly at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial

Mountain fern (Polystichum lonchitis)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also in the Great Lakes region and northeastern North America; Greenland.
Habitat: Talus slopes and cliff crevices, occasionally in coniferous forests, middle to high elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Northern fern (Dryopteris expansa)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Alberta, Idaho, and Montana.
Habitat: Moist to wet woods and streambanks.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Northern holly fern (Polystichum lonchitis)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also in the Great Lakes region and northeastern North America; Greenland.
Habitat: Talus slopes and cliff crevices, occasionally in coniferous forests, middle to high elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Queen's-veil maiden fern (Oreopteris quelpartensis)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to the Cascades of central Washington; also in eastern Asia.
Habitat: Wet cliffs and rocky slopes, sea level to subalpine.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Rock sword fern (Polystichum scopulinum)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Open slopes, typically associated with rock outcroppings and crevices; tolerant of serpentine.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Shasta fern (Polystichum lemmonii)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in the northern half of Washington, southern British Columbia to northern California.
Habitat: Open, rocky slopes near timberline in the mountains, chiefly on serpentine.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Sword fern (Polystichum munitum)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Mexico, east to Montana, and disjunct in South Dakota.
Habitat: Moist coniferous woods, in open to deep shade; from sea-level to midmontane.
Origin: Native
Spores: Spores year-round on fronds
Growth Duration: Perennial

Wright's filmy fern (Hymenophyllum wrightii)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the coast of the Olympic Peninsula; coastal southeast Alaska to northwestern Washington.
Habitat: Gametophytes on wet rock or epiphytic on bark and decaying wood of large conifers along the coast.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Bearded fescue (Festuca subulata)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the northern Great Plains and Colorado.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Brome fescue (Vulpia bromoides)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, southern Great Plains, and eastern North America.
Habitat: From ocean beaches and salt marshes to sagebrush deserts.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual

Fine-leaf sheep fescue (Festuca filiformis)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to Oregon; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Sand dunes, quarries, roadsides, lawns.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Hard fescue (Festuca trachyphylla)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Meadow fescue (Schedonorus pratensis)
Distribution: Occurring in scattered localities on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Meadows, pastures, roadsides, and other disturbed areas, often where moist
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Rattail fescue (Vulpia myuros)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Balds, open slopes, grasslands, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual

Roemer's fescue (Festuca roemeri)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Meadows, grasslands, balds and forest openings mostly at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Six–weeks fescue (Vulpia octoflora)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Open, often disturbed areas, lowland to montane.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual

Tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Meadowlands, fallow fields an ditch banks.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Washington fescue (Festuca washingtonica)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Southern British Columbia Washington.
Habitat: Well-drained slopes in sagebrush and open pine forest.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium)
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Nevada, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other distrubed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-November
Growth Duration: Perennial

Bugloss fiddleneck (Amsinckia lycopsoides)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Great Plains, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, grassy slopes, ponderosa pine forest openings, and other open areas from sagebrush desert into the mountains, often associated with some type of disturbance .
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Harvest fiddleneck (Amsinckia menziesii)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Open, dry foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Rancher's fiddleneck (Amsinckia intermedia)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Baja California, Mexico, east to Idaho, Utah, Arizona, and west Texas.
Habitat: Balds, meadows, prairies, roadsides, and other open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Annual

Rigid fiddleneck (Amsinckia retrorsa)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Utah.
Habitat: Relatively dry and open areas at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual

Tarweed fiddleneck (Amsinckia lycopsoides)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Great Plains, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, grassy slopes, ponderosa pine forest openings, and other open areas from sagebrush desert into the mountains, often associated with some type of disturbance .
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Austrian yellowcress field-cress (Rorippa austriaca)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, eastward in scattered locations to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed areas and waste ground.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Blue field-madder (Sherardia arvensis)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Nevada; also in south-central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Weed of prairies, meadows, and other open, disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Mediterranean
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Lance-leaf figwort (Scrophularia lanceolata)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across much of the U.S. and all of Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist forest edges and openings, and meadows at low elevations, but not along the coast.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Field filago (Filago arvensis)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to the northern Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, and Great Lakes region
Habitat: Dry meadows, fields, roadsides, and other disturbed, open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual

Common filbert (Corylus avellana)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, also known from western Idaho.
Habitat: Abandoned plantings, roadsides, waste sites, forest edge.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: January-April
Growth Duration: Perennial

Grand fir (Abies grandis)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Vancouver Island, British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Coniferous forests, from sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Cones: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to northern California.
Habitat: Mostly at 1000-4000 feet elevation in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial

Chinese firethorn (Pyracantha fortuneana)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; southern British Columbia to California and Arizona, also in the southern and southeastern U.S.
Habitat: Disturbed, open areas where escaped from cultivation through bird-dispersal.
Origin: Introduced from China
Flowers: January-May
Growth Duration: Perennial

Scarlet firethorn (Pyracantha coccinea)
Distribution: O Occurring in scattered locations across Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to the Atlantic Coast along the southern half of the U.S.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, wastelots, and forest margins often near towns and cities where escaped from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from western Asia
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Broad-leaf fireweed (Chamaenerion latifolium)
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympic Mountains and on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and eastern Canada; circumboreal.
Habitat: Subalpine to alpine river bars, gravelly stream banks, snowmelt areas, and seasonally drier slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Rancher's fireweed (Amsinckia menziesii)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Open, dry foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Fissurewort (Sandbergia whitedii)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington.
Habitat: Dry scabland, forest openings, talus slopes and alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Five-spot (Nemophila maculata)
Distribution: Occurring occasionally as an escape on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern Oregon to southern California.
Habitat: In our area a garden escape to open areas; in its native range found in meadows, roadbanks, and woodland.
Origin: Introduced from California
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual

Sweet flag (Acorus calamus)
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho, also widespread in central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Wetlands, pond shores, and streambanks.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Flatpod (Idahoa scapigera)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Idaho, and Nevada.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-April
Growth Duration: Annual

Brown flatsedge (Cyperus fuscus)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern Washington to California, east to Nevada; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Damp, silty riverbanks.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual

Great Plains flatsedge (Cyperus lupulinus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southeastern Washington; disjunct in southeastern Washington and adjacent Oregon and Idaho, otherwise from U.S. Great Plains to eastern Canada and Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Cobble riverbanks and rocky canyon slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Sand flatsedge (Cyperus schweinitzii)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to the Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Sandy lakeshores and riverbanks.
Origin: Native east Cascades, introduced in Seattle, WA
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Shining flatsedge (Cyperus bipartitus)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east across most of the U.S. to eastern Canada and the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Streambanks and other wet places in the valleys and lowlands; tolerant of alkali.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual

Tall flatsedge (Cyperus eragrostis)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, also along the southern and eastern U.S. coast.
Habitat: Damp to wet shores, ditches, roadsides, and other disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from South America
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Umbrella flatsedge (Cyperus diandrus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southern Washington; native to central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Emergent shorelines in sandy, peaty, or slightly brackish areas (though seldom where disturbed).
Origin: Introduced from eastern and central North America
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual

Hairy false flax (Camelina microcarpa)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Sagebrush, roadsides, ponderosa pine forest openings, and disturbed sites in seasonally moist areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial

Wild blue flax (Linum lewisii)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Great Plains and eastern Canada.
Habitat: Dry, open areas from prairies to alpine ridges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Annual fleabane (Erigeron annuus)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Utah, not recorded for Montana, also from Great Plains east to the Atlantic.
Habitat: Moist, disturbed areas from the lowlands to middle elevations.
Origin: Native? Introduced in OR, status as a native in BC uncertain
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual

Bitter fleabane (Erigeron acris)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America; circumboreal.
Habitat: Meadows, forest openings, and open slopes from middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial

Branched fleabane (Erigeron strigosus)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, thickets, forest edge, and other open, disturbed areas from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial

Canadian fleabane (Conyza canadensis)
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, balds, prairies, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial

Daisy fleabane (Erigeron strigosus)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, thickets, forest edge, and other open, disturbed areas from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial

Dwarf mountain fleabane (Erigeron compositus)
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the northern Great Plains, also in northern and eastern Canada.
Habitat: Sandy riverbanks at low elevations to rocky outcrops at mid- to high elevation in the mountains
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Eastern daisy fleabane (Erigeron annuus)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Utah, not recorded for Montana, also from Great Plains east to the Atlantic.
Habitat: Moist, disturbed areas from the lowlands to middle elevations.
Origin: Native? Introduced in OR, status as a native in BC uncertain
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual

Eaton's fleabane (Erigeron eatonii)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central and southeastern Washington; central Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Grasslands, sagebrush, dry slopes, and forest openings at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Flett's fleabane (Erigeron flettii)
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympic Mountains in Washington, where endemic.
Habitat: Cliffs and other rocky places in the subalpine and alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Glacier fleabane (Erigeron glacialis)
Distribution: Widely distributed in the mountains throughout Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moist, open areas at mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Gorge fleabane (Erigeron oreganus)
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Columbia River Gorge in Washington to adjacent Gorge area in Oregon.
Habitat: Moist shady cliffs and ledges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Leiberg's fleabane (Erigeron leibergii)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in In the Wenatchee Mountains of Okanogan, Chelan and Kittitas counties; British Columbia to Washington.
Habitat: Cliffs and rocky places at moderate to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Longleaf fleabane (Erigeron corymbosus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to eastern Oregon, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Open, usually dry places, often among sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Oregon fleabane (Erigeron oreganus)
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Columbia River Gorge in Washington to adjacent Gorge area in Oregon.
Habitat: Moist shady cliffs and ledges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Philadelphia fleabane (Erigeron philadelphicus)
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist, open forests at low to mid-elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Salish fleabane (Erigeron salishii)
Distribution: Ocurring east of the Cascades crest in the North and Central Cascade Mountains in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to central Washington.
Habitat: Cliffs, ridges, ledges and gravelly slopes at mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Shaggy fleabane (Erigeron pumilus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Great Plains.
Habitat: Open places in the foothills, valleys and plains, often among sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Showy fleabane (Erigeron speciosus)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Prairies and forest openings from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Spear-leaved fleabane (Erigeron lonchophyllus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northern Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and eastern Canada.
Habitat: Streambanks, bogs, ponds, wet meadows, ditches, gravelly places along roads at middle to high elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Star peak fleabane (Erigeron salishii)
Distribution: Ocurring east of the Cascades crest in the North and Central Cascade Mountains in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to central Washington.
Habitat: Cliffs, ridges, ledges and gravelly slopes at mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Sweet scabrous fleabane (Erigeron annuus)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Utah, not recorded for Montana, also from Great Plains east to the Atlantic.
Habitat: Moist, disturbed areas from the lowlands to middle elevations.
Origin: Native? Introduced in OR, status as a native in BC uncertain
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual

Three-veined fleabane (Erigeron subtrinervis)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moderately dry, open places at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Tufted fleabane (Erigeron caespitosus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Washington, Idaho, Utah, and Arizona, east to the northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Dry, open, and often rocky places in sagebrush
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

White cushion fleabane (Erigeron disparipilus)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the Snake River area in southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to southeastern Oregon, east to southwestern Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, rocky hillsides at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Bukhara fleeceflower (Fallopia baldschuanica)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Oregon, east to Idaho, also in scattered locations across North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, ditches, embankments, forest edge, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Introduced from central Asia
Flowers: Aug.-Sept.
Growth Duration: Perennial

Chinese fleecevine (Fallopia baldschuanica)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Oregon, east to Idaho, also in scattered locations across North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, ditches, embankments, forest edge, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Introduced from central Asia
Flowers: Aug.-Sept.
Growth Duration: Perennial

Yellow floatingheart (Nymphoides peltata)
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, also from Arizona and Texas northeastward to northeastern North America.
Habitat: Reservoirs, lakes, ponds, and slow-moving streams.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Fool's-onion (Triteleia hyacinthina)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Sagebrush deserts and grassy, often rocky areas from low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Footsteps-of-spring (Sanicula arctopoides)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the coast in Washington; Vancouver Island, B.C. south along the coast to California.
Habitat: Maritime species of coastal bluffs, meadows, and balds.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Perennial

Bay forget-me-not (Myosotis laxa)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Colombia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains; also in the eastern half of North America.
Habitat: In moist soil and shallow water, at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial

Early forget-me-not (Myosotis ramosissima)
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Balds, prairies, grassy embankments, roadsides, and other disturbed open places at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe and Mediterranean region
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Annual

Field forget-me-not (Myosotis arvensis)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to Oregon, east across the northern half of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and forest openings, typically associated with disturbance.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual

Small forget-me-not (Myosotis laxa)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Colombia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains; also in the eastern half of North America.
Habitat: In moist soil and shallow water, at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial

True forget-me-not (Myosotis scorpioides)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Wet areas from low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Woodland forget-me-not (Myosotis sylvatica)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Oregon.
Habitat: Roadsides and moist woods at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Four-o'clock (Mirabilis nyctaginea)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington, east to Motana; native to central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas of dry valleys and plains.
Origin: Introduced from east of the Rocky Mountains
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial

Purple foxglove (Digitalis purpurea)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also from the Great Lakes region east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, forest edge, meadows, wastelots, and other disturbed partially shaded to sunny areas at low to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Biennial

Green foxtail (Setaria viridis)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Annual

Short-awn foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis)
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Shores, riverbanks, vernal pools, sloughs, wet meadows, and seeps, often submersed.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Yellow foxtail (Setaria pumila)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual

Clustered frasera (Frasera fastigiata)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern and southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to adjacent Oregon, east to northeast Idaho.
Habitat: Moist woods and meadowlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

White-stemmed frasera (Frasera albicaulis)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Montana and Nevada.
Habitat: Low plains to open areas in the mountains at moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Fringecup (Tellima grandiflora)
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington, but also in northeastern Washington and in the Columbia River Gorge; Alaska to California, east to northern Idaho and western Montana.
Habitat: Common in damp woods, forest edges, and along streams from sea level to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial

Yellow fritillary (Fritillaria pudica)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California and Nevada, east to Montana and Utah.
Habitat: Shrub-steppe to mixed coniferous forests, from low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Smooth frogbit (Limnobium laevigatum)
Distribution: Known from Pacific County in Washington; also known from California and the eastern U.S.
Habitat: Lowland ponds, where found floating on water\'s surface.
Origin: Introduced from the Carribean and South America
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial

Common fumitory (Fumaria muralis)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to Washington.
Habitat: Forest edge, roadsides, sidewalk cracks, wastelots, and other disturbed sites.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Few-flower fumitory (Fumaria reuteri)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington. currently known from Washington only.
Habitat: Roadsides, ditches, wastelots, sidewalk cracks, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial

Wall fumitory (Fumaria muralis)
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to Washington.
Habitat: Forest edge, roadsides, sidewalk cracks, wastelots, and other disturbed sites.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial