Publication: Man. Bot. San Francisco. 196. 1894.
Origin: Introduced
selected vouchers: WTU
Notes: Noxious in WA.
FNA21: "Subspecies pungens is circumscribed broadly to include subsp. maritima and subsp. septentrionalis based on morphologic and molecular data (B. G. Baldwin, unpubl.). As treated here, Centromadia pungens subsp. pungens occurs widely in central and northern California, and it is putatively introduced in southwestern California and outside the state."
References: (none)