ID	ModifiedOn	Contributors	InformalClassification	Family	TaxonID	TaxonName	SeeAlso	NameRank	Hybrid	TerminalTaxon	Excluded	Peripheral	Waif	Endemic	Extirpated	OriginCode	Origin	Distribution	Voucher	Comments
4227	2018-05-02 22:04:00		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115432	Populus		genus		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			
4228	2024-01-24 03:42:51		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115434	Populus alba		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	I	Introduced from Eurasia	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	Commonly spreading from cultivation, primarily by root sprouts, on both the east and west sides of the Cascades.
4229	2024-02-10 09:04:07		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115438	Populus angustifolia		species		Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	All specimens in Washington are either misidentifications or from cultivated areas. This species is expected further east in Idaho.
4230	2010-03-31 07:59:00	Peter F. Zika	Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115468	Populus canescens		species	Named	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	I	Introduced from Europe		{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	recently collected in Thurston Co.
4231	2024-01-24 03:59:35		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115470	Populus deltoides		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	I	Introduced from central and eastern North America	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4232	2024-01-24 04:02:37		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115488	Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	I	Introduced central and eastern North America	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4233	2010-03-30 08:51:00	Peter F. Zika	Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115515	Populus grandidentata		species		Y	Y	N	N	N	N				{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	Though collected as an escape from cultivation in King Co. (voucher currently not in WTU collections), it does not appear to be established in the flora.  Until specimens are collected indicating otherwise, this species is considered excluded from the flora.
4234	2024-01-24 04:07:13		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115538	Populus nigra		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	I	Introduced from Europe	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4235	2024-01-24 04:09:41		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115555	Populus tremuloides		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4236	2020-07-08 21:08:21		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115565	Populus trichocarpa		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA7: "In addition to hybridizing with other North American species of sect. Tacamahaca, Populus trichocarpa also hybridizes with both native species of sect. Aigeiros. Populus ×generosa  A. Henry (synonym P. ×interamericana van Broekhuizen), a hybrid between P. trichocarpa and P. deltoides, is rare in the far western area of the range for P. deltoides subsp. monilifera, where it overlaps with the more drought-tolerant inland P. trichocarpa (Idaho, Montana, Washington, and Wyoming) (J. E. Eckenwalder 1984). This hybrid has also been grown artificially, and such hybrids between coastal P. trichocarpa and P. deltoides  subsp. deltoides are becoming increasingly important plantation trees in the Pacific Northwest from northern Oregon to British Columbia, as well as in Europe. They are perhaps the fastest growing of all poplars in volume, with the rapid height growth of P. trichocarpa  added to the steady diameter growth of P. deltoides (R. F. Stettler et al. 1988)."
4237	2010-04-02 08:31:00	Fred Weinmann	Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115571	Salicaceae		family		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			Treatment of Salicaceae here follows Flora of North America, Volume 7.
4238	2018-05-02 22:04:00		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115573	Salix		genus		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			
4239	2010-03-31 08:01:00	Fred Weinmann	Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115583	Salix alba	Salix fragilis	species		Y	Y	N	N	N	N				{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	H&C recognize this species as naturalized but does not include in the keys.
4240	2023-11-05 19:41:06		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115593	Salix amygdaloides		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4241	2024-02-10 08:31:42		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115605	Salix arctica		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in northwestern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA7: "Salix arctica is polymorphic and nomenclaturally confusing. E. Hultén (1967, 1971) recognized three subspecies: 1) subsp. arctica (circumpolar from Iceland and the Faeroe Islands across northern Russia, Alaska and Canada to Greenland, south to the Hudson Bay shores of Ontario and the Gaspe Peninsula); 2) subsp. crassijulis (a North Pacific race ranging from Kamchatka and the Russian Far East to the Aleutian Islands, south central and southeastern Alaska along the coast to northern Washington); and 3) subsp. torulosa (ranging from the mountains of central Asia to Kamchatka and the Bering Straits, the Brooks Range and the Rocky Mountains in Alaska, south in the cordillera to southern British Columbia and Alberta). While formal recognition of the three races is appealing, they are actually very difficult or impossible to separate morphologically and have strongly overlapping ranges. Some of the variability may be due to environmental modification (D. B. O. Savile 1964; G. W. Argus 1973; J. H. Soper and J. M. Powell 1985). On Attu Island, Alaska, there are plants to 2 m along with dwarf plants (C. Parker, pers. comm.). Their tall stature cannot be accounted for by habitat alone. The possibility that the complex morphological variability within S. arctica may be ecophenic or ecotypic deserves study."
4242	2024-02-10 08:36:58		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115645	Salix barclayi		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4243	2024-02-10 08:52:37		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115657	Salix bebbiana		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4244	2024-02-10 09:06:13		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115682	Salix boothii		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA7: "Salix boothii forms natural hybrids with S. brachycarpa var. brachycarpa, S. eastwoodiae, S. glauca var. villosa, and S. wolfii. There are numerous intermediate specimens of S. boothii that suggest hybridization with S. arizonica, S. brachycarpa, S. eastwoodiae, S. lutea, or S. wolfii, but further study is needed. A DNA study of S. arizonica showed that a specimen from southwestern Utah previously identified as S. arizonica × S. wolfii probably was S. boothii × S. wolfii (J. T. Thompson et al. 2003).<br><br>In Mountain Park, Alberta, and the Steens Mountains, Oregon, the putative hybrid Salix boothii × S. glauca var. villosa grew in thickets with both parents. Ovaries were sparsely hairy on the distal half or on the beak, leaves were glaucous abaxially, and floral bracts were mostly glabrous abaxially, but some with hairs proximally. One plant in fruit produced copious seed hairs but no seed."
4245	2020-06-29 07:08:07		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115687	Salix brachycarpa		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4246	2020-06-29 07:11:30		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115691	Salix brachycarpa var. brachycarpa		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA7: "Variety brachycarpa forms natural hybrids with Salix arizonica, S. barclayi, S. boothii, S. candida, S. chlorolepis, S. glauca var. villosa, and S. planifolia.<br><br>Placement of specimens from Anticosti Island, Quebec, and North Point, James Bay, Ontario, with densely villous branchlets and relatively short petioles, thought to be hybrids with Salix glauca var. cordifolia, is dubious.<br><br>Variety brachycarpa × Salix candida (S. ×argusii B. Boivin) is infrequent in Manitoba, Quebec, and Saskatchewan.<br><br>Variety brachycarpa × Salix chlorolepis (S. ×gaspeensis C. K. Schneider) resembles var. brachycarpa but has leaves only slightly pilose and ovaries with hairs only on the beaks (G. W. Argus 1965).<br><br>Variety brachycarpa × Salix glauca var. villosa (S. ×wyomingensis Rydberg) is a frequent hybrid in southern Rocky Mountains. It is characterized by stipes 0.3 mm or longer, long-cylindrical catkins, ovaries with relatively long beaks, petioles more than three times the length of buds, and leaves sparsely hairy. The extent and nature of this hybridization needs to be studied (G. W. Argus 1965).<br><br>Variety brachycarpa × Salix planifolia "var. monica" occurs in Steens Mountains, Oregon."
4247	2024-02-10 09:37:20		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115707	Salix candida		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"Not at WTU; WS?"}	FNA7: "Salix candida is geographically wide-ranging but limited to calcareous habitats and, for that reason, it is quite local or even rare in some parts of its range."
4248	2024-02-10 09:49:17		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115726	Salix cascadensis		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA7: "The morphological variability of Salix cascadensis is not well understood. Typically, it has leaves that are narrow, sharply pointed, and glaucous abaxially, catkins 15-43-flowered, dark brown floral bracts, and ovaries very densely hairy. Specimens with leaves not glaucous abaxially, catkins relatively few-flowered, and ovaries either sparsely hairy throughout, hairy only on beaks, or hairy in streaks, may be hybrids but the glabrous ovaried S. cascadensis var. thompsonii  shows no obvious signs of hybridization.<br><br>Hybrids:<br><br>Salix cascadensis is suspected to hybridize with S. barclayi.<br><br>Salix cascadensis × S. rotundifolia var. dodgeana resembles the former in its narrow, acute to acuminate leaves and the latter in leaves not glaucous abaxially, tawny floral bracts, relatively short catkins, and glabrous ovaries. The catkins are intermediate in being 6-7-flowered."
4249	2024-02-10 14:09:42		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115737	Salix commutata		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA7: "Salix commutata forms natural hybrids with S. barclayi, S. barrattiana, and S. eastwoodiae."
4250	2024-02-10 14:13:07		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115772	Salix drummondiana		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA7: "Salix drummondiana is distinguished from the similar, but unrelated, S. sitchensis by having branches often strongly glaucous, branchlets sparsely hairy, largest medial blades lorate, narrowly elliptic, elliptic, or oblanceolate, usually narrower, 3-6.2 times as long as wide, margins slightly revolute, and surfaces with white hairs, sometimes also ferruginous; S. sitchensis  has branches not glaucous or weakly so, branchlets usually moderately to very densely hairy, largest medial blades elliptic, narrowly oblanceolate, oblanceolate, or obovate, usually slightly broader, 2.1-3.1-4 times as long as wide, margins strongly revolute, and surfaces with white hairs.<br><br>Vegetative specimens of Salix drummondiana are distinguished from S. geyeriana by having largest medial blade margins revolute, surfaces usually densely short-silky adaxially, and midribs glabrous; S. geyeriana has largest medial blade margins flat, surfaces usually moderately densely long-silky adaxially, and midribs silky or glabrous.<br><br>Salix drummondiana and S. lemmonii can be separated on the basis of variable characters including: branch glaucousness, leaf size, blade hair density and color, catkin size and shape, anther length, petiole length, and chromosome number. Hybridization is rare but may occur in Lassen and Sierra counties, California."
4251	2010-04-02 08:39:00	Fred Weinmann	Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115783	Salix eastwoodiae		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native		{"Herbarium":"Not at WTU; WS?"}	Not in H&C; apparently a portion of the S. commutata plants from WA should be C. eastwoodiae.<br><br>FNA7: "Salix eastwoodiae and S. commutata are distinct species with different ploidal levels, the former tetraploid and the latter diploid; where they come into contact in the Pacific Northwest, hybrids occur and vegetative plants are often difficult to separate. See comparison below. The most important difference is that ovaries of S. eastwoodiae usually are silky turning glabrescent in age and those of S. commutata are glabrous. Populations occur in Oregon with both glabrous and hairy ovaries without any other evident differences. There are also unusual specimens, which are often tentatively identified as S. eastwoodiae, that have glabrous ovaries and patches of hairs at the base and on the sutures. The possibility that they are hybrids between S. eastwoodiae and S. boothii, S. commutata, or S. lemmonii needs study.<br><br>Salix commutata is distinguished from S. eastwoodiae by having leaf blades sometimes amphistomatous, 1.5-3.4 times as long as wide, teeth 0-19 per cm, adaxial surfaces glabrous or pilose to villous, floral bracts tawny to brown, staminate and pistillate adaxial nectaries oblong to square, and ovaries glabrous; S. eastwoodiae has leaf blades hypostomatous, 1.8-5 times as long as wide, teeth 0-10 per cm, adaxial surfaces tomentose or long-silky, floral bracts brown to black, staminate and pistillate adaxial nectaries narrowly oblong to oblong, and ovaries silky to glabrescent.<br><br>Hybrids:<br><br>Salix eastwoodiae forms natural hybrids with S. arizonica, S. boothii, and S. commutata.<br><br>Salix eastwoodiae × S. lasiandra was found in Sierra County, California, growing with both parents in a wetland along a disturbed roadside. It had leaf indumentum and hair color of S. eastwoodiae and leaf shape and margins of S. lasiandra. Catkins of this intersubgeneric hybrid were teratological and presumably infertile."
4252	2024-02-10 14:18:28		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115813	Salix exigua	Salix melanopsis	species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4253	2024-12-22 15:31:55		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115816	Salix exigua var. columbiana		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA7: "Salix fluviatilis Nuttall, long used for a Columbia River endemic (S. columbiana), is a rejected name.<br><br>Salix columbiana forms natural hybrids with S. exigua var. exigua and S. sessilifolia. Both hybrids are reported from Oregon and Washington (R. D. Dorn 1998)."
4254	2024-02-10 14:21:25		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115820	Salix exigua var. exigua		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA7: "Variety exigua forms natural hybrids with var. hindsiana, Salix columbiana, S. interior, and S. melanopsis.<br><br>Variety exigua × var. hindsiana was reported by R. D. Dorn (1998). Inasmuch as the two varieties are subtly distinct, hybrids are difficult to recognize.<br><br>Variety exigua × Salix interior probably occurs throughout their area of overlap; it is known to me from Alberta and Nebraska, where there are plants with leaves indistinctly toothed and more silky than in S. interior. R. D. Dorn (1998) reported it from Alberta, British Columbia, Colorado, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming.<br><br>Variety exigua × Salix melanopsis is intermediate, with juvenile leaves densely hairy proximally, truncate floral bracts, and prominent stipules (R. D. Dorn 1998)."
4255	2021-09-25 15:49:44		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115848	Salix farriae		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where known only from Okanogan County;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	Not reported for WA by FNA.  However, one specimen from Okanogan County annotated as S. farriae by George Argus in 2005.  <br><br>FNA7: "Salix farriae is a cordilleran species ranging from Wyoming to central British Columbia with disjunct occurrences in northwestern British Columbia, western Northwest Territories, and southern Yukon. It is related to S. hastata, an amphiberingian species ranging from Scandinavia to southwestern Yukon and northwestern Northwest Territories. There may be reasons for treating these slightly different plants as S. hastata var. farriae, but R. D. Dorn (1975) maintained them as a species based on flavonoid differences. In a phenetic study (G. W. Argus 2007), the two taxa had dissimilarity values at the same level as other closely related species. They are treated here as species, primarily because their ranges are disjunct. They can be separated as follows:<br><br>Salix farriae is distinguished from S. hastata by having largest medial blades narrowly elliptic to elliptic, pistillate nectaries oblong or ovate, stipules on early leaves absent or rudimentary (sometimes foliaceous), branches strongly to weakly glaucous or not, floral bract apices rounded, and plants of the cordillera in Alberta and British Columbia, in Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Wyoming; S. hastata has largest medial blades narrowly elliptic to broadly elliptic or broadly obovate, pistillate nectaries square, stipules on early leaves foliaceous (sometimes rudimentary), branches not glaucous, floral bract apices acute or rounded, and plants of Alaska, Northwest Territories, and Yukon.<br><br>Salix farriae and S. barclayi are sympatric in western Canada and the Pacific Northwest, where they are difficult to separate. Salix farriae can often be recognized by its largest medial leaves with at least some minute, ferruginous hairs on the adaxial midrib or blade surfaces; ferruginous hairs do not occur in S. barclayi. Its leaf margins also tend to be more nearly entire, but relatively short teeth are not infrequent. Such plants are sometimes interpreted as intergrades between S. farriae and S. barclayi (R. D. Dorn 1975). The variable leaf toothing also occurs in S. hastata and may not be a reliable indicator of intergradation. Salix farriae also differs from S. barclayi in usually having shorter anthers, 0.3-0.6 mm versus 0.6-1 mm in S. barclayi. See 61. S. barclayi."
4256	2023-10-25 03:06:48		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115855	Salix fragilis		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	I	Introduced from Europe	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA7: "Salix ×fragilis Linnaeus: The hybrid white willow, S. alba Linnaeus × S. euxina I. Belyaeva, a European introduction, is the most commonly cultivated and naturalized tree-willow in the flora area. It is characterized by: trees, 3-20 m, stems erect or drooping; branches highly brittle at base; petioles with spherical or foliaceous glands distally, pilose or villous adaxially; largest medial leaf blade amphistomatous, very narrowly elliptic or narrowly elliptic, margins uniformly serrate or serrulate, abaxial surface glaucous, both surfaces sparsely long-silky to glabrescent, adaxial surface slightly glossy or dull; juvenile leaves at first densely long-silky soon glabrous; pistillate bract deciduous after flowering; stamens 2; anthers yellow; pistillate adaxial nectary shorter than or equal to stipe; stipe 0.3-0.5 mm; ovary pyriform, glabrous; ovules 6-12 per ovary; styles 0.4-1 mm; capsules 4.5-6 mm; 2n = 57, 76. Flowering is in late May-early June. Individual trees can persist for years by trunk suckering and spread vegetatively by shoot fragmentation along stream margins, shingle and sand beaches, sedge meadows, hardwood forests, and sand pits. It occurs from 0 to 2500 m."
4257	2024-02-10 15:47:57		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115861	Salix geyeriana		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA7: "Salix geyeriana is characterized by its dark gray appearance, slender, dark branches, narrow leaves long-silky on both surfaces, general absence of stipules, and small, subglobose catkins. Plants in the Pacific Northwest with foliaceous stipules may be hybrids or introgressants, but the other parent is unknown.<br><br>Hybrids:<br><br>Salix geyeriana forms natural hybrids with S. bebbiana, S. irrorata, S. lemmonii, S. ligulifolia, and S. pedicellaris. Alleged hybrids with S. sitchensis, based on plants from British Columbia with broader, more hairy leaves, and catkins longer than in S. geyeriana, but with the short stipes of S. sitchensis (J. K. Henry 1915), are unconvincing.<br><br>Salix geyeriana × S. lemmonii is uncommon but in mixed stands of the parental species some plants resemble S. geyeriana in having relatively short, subspherical catkins, small anthers, and petioles sometimes with petiolar glands; and S. lemmonii in having leaf blades amphistomatous, margins serrulate, and foliaceous stipules on early leaves. Because the species have different chromosome numbers, hybrids may be infertile, but occasional seeds have been seen. This hybrid is known from California (Lassen and Sierra counties), Oregon (Jefferson and Lane counties), and near Victoria, British Columbia.<br><br>Salix geyeriana × S. pedicellaris occurs in Washington. It has the white and ferruginous hairs on leaves and ovaries of S. geyeriana, and leaves glaucous adaxially with prominent 2 and 3 veins of S. pedicellaris."
4258	2024-02-10 16:00:45		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115873	Salix glauca		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring in the Cascades and Olympic Mountains in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4259	2021-04-14 14:58:25		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115920	Salix glauca var. villosa		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native		{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA7 by George Argus includes WA in the distribution of this taxon, however no specimens from WA are held in any PNW herbaria.  The more conservative approach to this issue is including this on the checklist of WA vascular plants with the assumption that George Argus did see a specimen as part of preparing the FNA Salix treatment.
4260	2024-02-10 16:18:44		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	115950	Salix hookeriana		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	S. piperi Bebb is treated as separate species in H&C.GA recognizes the glabrous-capsuled form common in the Puget Sound region which is called S. piperi; however, he chooses to treat it as synonymous with S. hookeriana.<br><br>FNA7: "Salix hookeriana is primarily a coastal species occurring from northern California northward to Oregon, Washington, and southern Vancouver Island, with disjunct populations on Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, and northward to Yakatut Bay, Turnagain Arm, and Kodiak, Alaska. It was treated by G. W. Argus (1973) and R. D. Dorn (2000) in a broad sense because of an absence of strong distinguishing characters and intergradation in characters that could be used to divide it. It is highly variable and three very similar taxa have been named: S. amplifolia, S. hookeriana (including vars. tomentosa and laurifolia), and S. piperi. Although extremes of these taxa sometimes are recognizable, the intergradation displayed is so great that even attempts to recognize them as varieties are thwarted. The amplifolia  variant in Alaska is characterized by having only white leaf hairs, hairy ovaries, no stipules, and catkins often borne on distinct flowering branchlets, but variation can occur within the same population, and typical S. hookeriana on Vancouver Island sometimes displays the same characteristics. The piperi variant, an inland population in western Oregon and Washington, is usually recognized by local botanists as different from coastal populations. It is characterized by leaves and branchlets soon becoming glabrate and stipules prominent. These characteristics, however, sometimes appear in northern California coastal populations, and some inland populations in Oregon include very hairy individuals that are indistinguishable from coastal variants of S. hookeriana. In general, very hairy populations of S. hookeriana are probably an adaptation to marine coastal environments, but some variation may be due to hybridization and introgression with S. scouleriana. Inland populations suggest the influence of S. lasiolepis. Two hexaploid chromosome numbers reported for S. hookeriana from Vancouver Island (R. L. Taylor and S. Taylor 1977) and Queen Charlotte Islands (R. L. Taylor and G. A. Mulligan 1968), British Columbia, indicate that hybridization has played a role in the evolution of this complex. It is possible that each variant of S. hookeriana has had a different, possibly even recurrent, polyploid origin. Further cytological and genetic study is indicated.<br><br>The following comparisons may help to distinguish Salix hookeriana, S. lasiolepis, and S. scouleriana.<br><br>Vegetative specimens of Salix hookeriana can be distinguished from S. lasiolepis by having floral buds ellipsoid, beaks distinctly long-tapered, densely long-hairy (villous), red-brown, blades usually pilose, villous, or woolly on abaxial surfaces, usually 18-63 mm wide, and 1.5-4.2 times as long as wide; S. lasiolepis has floral buds ovoid, beaks inconspicuous and blunt, sparsely to moderately densely short-hairy (velvety), yellowish to red-brown, blades usually tomentose on abaxial surfaces, usually 6-32 mm wide, and 3.2-9.6 times as long as wide.<br><br>Salix hookeriana is distinguished from S. scouleriana by having branchlets with spreading hairs (woolly or tomentose to glabrate), petioles usually pilose to tomentose, blades typically narrowly elliptic but variable, stigmas 0.3-0.74, short in relation to styles (0.6-2.3 mm), and pistillate nectaries 0.5-1.4 mm, shorter or longer than stipes; S. scouleriana has branchlets usually with short, erect hairs (velutinous), sometimes spreading (villous or tomentose), petioles velvety or villous adaxially, blades typically oblanceolate but variable, stigmas 0.4-1.04 mm, long in relation to styles (0.2-0.6 mm), and pistillate nectaries 0.2-0.8 mm, shorter than stipes.<br><br>Hybrids:<br><br>Salix hookeriana forms natural hybrids with S. barclayi and S. scouleriana. Variation in some S. hookeriana populations suggests hybridization with S. lasiolepis but no positive identifications have been made. R. D. Dorn (2000) doubted that hybridization in California between these species with different chromosome numbers was possible, but species with different chromosome numbers do hybridize [for example, S. athabascensis (4x) × S. pedicellaris (2x)]; synthetic hybridization studies are indicated.<br><br>Salix hookeriana × S. scouleriana: Plants from southern British Columbia with leaves similar to S. hookeriana but with prominent stipules, catkins both erect and recurving, and relatively long stigmas were thought by J. K. Henry (1915) to be this hybrid."
4261	2024-02-10 16:25:34		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	116013	Salix lasiandra		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4262	2024-02-11 10:42:00		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	116020	Salix lasiandra var. caudata		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4263	2024-02-11 10:41:23		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	116030	Salix lasiandra var. lasiandra		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4264	2024-02-10 18:32:28		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	116042	Salix lasiolepis		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA7: "Salix lasiolepis is polymorphic. Variety bigelovii has been recognized in coastal California and Oregon (G. W. Argus 1993). It differs mainly in density of leaf indumentum and in having leaves tending to be slightly broader; it may be a coastal ecotype and is not formally recognized here."
4265	2010-04-05 08:49:00	Fred Weinmann	Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	116059	Salix lemmonii		species		Y	Y	N	N	N	N				{"Herbarium":"?"}	Neither FNA7 nor H&C indicate that this species occurs in WA.  It is considered excluded from the WA flora until specimens are located indicating otherwise.
4266	2024-02-10 18:36:22		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	116094	Salix maccalliana		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA7: "The decaploid to dodecaploid chromosome number for Salix maccalliana, highest in the genus, suggests a complex origin. Relationships with subg. Chamaetia and subg. Salix  were suggested by Rowlee and by H. M. Raup (1959). Staminate flowers with abaxial nectaries, tawny and persistent bracts, and villous ovaries suggest a link with S. glauca; leaves with coarse, ferruginous hairs and serrate margins suggest S. lucida (Rowlee). Although S. maccalliana is phenetically closer to sect. Salicaster than to (subg. Chamaetia) sect. Glaucae (G. W. Argus 1997), it is probable that because it incorporates genomes from more than one subgenus, its subgeneric placement is arbitrary."
4267	2024-02-10 18:40:03		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	116095	Salix matsudana		species		Y	N	N	Y	N	N	I	Introduced from Asia	Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4268	2023-11-05 19:36:50		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	116102	Salix melanopsis		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA7: "Salix melanopsis forms natural hybrids with S. exigua var. exigua, S. sessilifolia, and S. sitchensis (R. D. Dorn 1998)."
4269	2024-02-10 19:15:14		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	116117	Salix monochroma		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southeastern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4270	2024-02-10 19:18:54		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	116189	Salix nivalis		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring in the Cascades and Olympic Mountains in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA7: "Because geographic overlap is small and evidence of intergradation is tenuous, Salix nivalis is best treated as a species separate from S. reticulata; S. nivalis was previously treated as a subspecies of S. reticulata (G. W. Argus 1986b, 1991)."
4271	2024-02-11 08:45:17		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	116226	Salix pedicellaris		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA7: "Salix pedicellaris is very distinct with decumbent habit, leathery, glabrous leaves that are glaucous on both surfaces, loosely flowered catkins, ovaries reddish, glabrous and often glaucous, and stipes 2.1-3.2 mm. In the flora area, it hybridizes with six other species (see below). This compares with the closely related European S. myrtilloides Linnaeus, which is reported (B. Jonsell and T. Karlsson 2000+, vol. 1) to hybridize with seven species. The distinctive appearance may make hybrids easily recognizable but it is complex cytologically."
4272	2024-02-10 16:46:11		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	116262	Salix petrophila		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA7: "Salix petrophila is often included in S. arctica (G. W. Argus 1993), but southern cordilleran populations, extending as far north as southern British Columbia and Alberta, seem to be a distinct taxon (Argus 1997). The exact northern limit of this species still needs to be established, but in Alberta it does not seem to extend north of Waterton Lakes National Park, except for a population on springy slopes above Agness Lake, Banff National Park. Suitable alpine habitats between Waterton Lakes and Banff national parks, e.g., Mt. Armstrong, Tornado Mountain, and Crowsnest Pass, should be explored for S. arctica and S. petrophila."
4273	2024-02-11 08:49:57		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	116272	Salix planifolia		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA7: "Salix planifolia forms natural hybrids with S. alaxensis var. alaxensis, S. argyrocarpa, S. brachycarpa var. brachycarpa, S. candida, S. drummondiana, S. humilis, S. pellita, S. pulchra, and S. scouleriana. Hybrids with S. glauca var. cordifolia have been reported (C. K. Schneider 1921) but no convincing specimens have been seen."
4274	2024-02-11 08:51:37		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	116285	Salix planifolia var. planifolia		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4275	2024-02-11 08:41:30		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	116300	Salix prolixa		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4276	2024-02-11 08:36:53		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	116305	Salix pseudomonticola		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in the North Cascades in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA7: "Salix pseudomonticola is characterized by precocious flowering; catkins sessile; juvenile leaf blades, petioles, and proximal midribs reddish; stipules prominent; and leaves and branchlets sparsely hairy. Branches older than two years have a distinctive pattern, which consists of a series of longitudinal splits in epidermis produced as the branch expands. The edge of epidermis around the split, where it has separated from the branch, is yellow and contrasts with the red-brown branch to which the epidermis still adheres.<br><br>Vegetative specimens of Salix pseudomonticola with yellow-brown branches can be confused with S. famelica. They may be separated by their juvenile leaf margins prominently and closely gland-dotted; stipules usually prominent, sometimes early deciduous; leaves broader (1.4-3 times as long as wide versus 2.6-7 in S. famelica); and petioles slender and often longer in relation to blade length. The possibility of hybridization needs study.<br><br>Vegetative specimens of Salix pseudomonticola can be distinguished from S. pyrifolia by juvenile leaves reddish and almost always with some ferruginous hairs, versus yellowish-green and glabrous or with white hairs, and mature leaves usually dull adaxially versus glossy."
4277	2024-02-11 08:24:21		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	116327	Salix purpurea		species		Y	N	N	Y	N	N	I	Introduced from Europe	Occurring in scattered lowland locations west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4278	2003-10-21 00:00:00	Fred Weinmann	Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	116365	Salix rubens		species	Named	Y	Y	N	N	N	N				{"Herbarium":"?"}	
4279	2020-05-25 08:48:21		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	116378	Salix scouleriana		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA7: "Western Salix scouleriana and eastern S. humilis are closely related and are sometimes difficult to separate. Although there is an apparent range disjunction between them in western Manitoba, it may be a collecting gap. In general, S. scouleriana differs from S. humilis in being a taller shrub, sometimes even tree-like, with broader leaves and longer catkins, floral bracts, stigmas, and styles, but these quantitative characteristics all overlap. The apparent difference in anther length (S. scouleriana 0.7-1.2 mm; S. humilis 0.4-0.6 mm) may be correlated with a difference in chromosome number. Salix scouleriana is tetraploid (Y. Suda and G. W. Argus 1968); S. humilis has been reported to be both diploid (Suda and Argus; L. Zsuffa and Y. Raj, unpubl.) and tetraploid (R. D. Dorn 1976). The latter count was from the same population as the one by Suda and Argus. Further chromosome counts are indicated.<br><br>Salix scouleriana forms natural hybrids with S. hookeriana, S. planifolia, and S. pulchra."
4280	2024-02-11 08:18:05		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	116390	Salix sepulcralis		species	named	Y	N	N	N	N	N	I	Introduced from Europe	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA7: "Salix ×pendulina Wenderoth: Weeping willow, S. babylonica × S. euxina, is introduced from Europe and grown throughout the world."
4281	2024-02-10 16:42:14		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	116408	Salix sessilifolia		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA7: "Salix sessilifolia forms natural hybrids with S. columbiana and S. melanopsis."
4282	2020-04-24 08:28:01		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	116418	Salix sitchensis		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring in forested areas on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA7: "Ovary hairiness in some Salix sitchensis populations varies from uniformly hairy to glabrescent, with intermediates with patchy or streaky hairiness. All three variations can occur together and do not seem to indicate hybridization.<br><br>Both Salix sitchensis and S. scouleriana have similar variants with leaves having very densely curly hairs on abaxial surfaces [S. sitchensis forma coulteri (Andersson) Jepson and S. scouleriana forma poikila (C. K. Schneider) C. K. Schneider]. Plants resembling S. drummondiana but with similar indumentum probably are hybrids with S. alaxensis (see 84. S. drummondiana). The coulteri taxon resembles S. delnortensis in having stipules with adaxial surfaces glabrous and very sparsely glandular toward the base, densely hairy abaxially, and with gland-dotted margins; its branchlets have wavy to crinkly hairs. The possible hybrid origin of S. delnortensis needs study (R. D. Dorn 2000).<br><br>Salix sitchensis forms natural hybrids with S. alaxensis var. longistylis and S. melanopsis. Hybridization with S. geyeriana reported by J. K. Henry (1915) is not based on convincing specimens."
4283	2020-04-24 08:30:29		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	116424	Salix sitchensis var. sitchensis		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring in forested areas on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;		
4284	2024-02-10 16:36:50		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	116453	Salix tweedyi		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in north-central Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4285	2024-02-10 16:32:19		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Salicaceae	116470	Salix vestita		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring in the North Cascades in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WWB"}	FNA7: "Salix vestita is an ancient amphiberingian species. Its distribution includes a series of isolated, disjunct populations in Central Siberia, the northern Rocky Mountains, the west coast of Hudson Bay, and the northeastern arctic and subarctic. Occurrence in Nunavut is on Akpatok Island in Ungava Bay and on the Belcher Islands in Hudson Bay. It may be extirpated in Washington.<br><br>The flowering and vegetative branchlets sometimes have relatively short internodes. In subsequent years, branches have the appearance of short shoots similar to those in Alnus. Short shoots do not appear on all branches or in all years. The formation of short shoots may be related to adverse growing conditions."
