ID	ModifiedOn	Contributors	InformalClassification	Family	TaxonID	TaxonName	SeeAlso	NameRank	Hybrid	TerminalTaxon	Excluded	Peripheral	Waif	Endemic	Extirpated	OriginCode	Origin	Distribution	Voucher	Comments
141	2023-12-01 10:58:06		Vascular Plants: Ferns and Lycophytes	Polypodiaceae	33339	Polypodiaceae	Aspleniaceae, Athyriaceae, Blechnaceae, Cystopteridaceae, Dennstaedtiaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Pteridaceae, Thelypteridaceae, Woodsiaceae	family		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			
142	2018-05-02 22:04:00		Vascular Plants: Ferns and Lycophytes	Polypodiaceae	33340	Polypodium		genus		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			
143	2023-07-31 14:52:35		Vascular Plants: Ferns and Lycophytes	Polypodiaceae	33341	Polypodium amorphum		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA2: "The diploid Polypodium amorphum is one of the progenitors of allotetraploid P . hesperium , and these two species are occasionally sympatric. Although P . amorphum can be mistaken for P . hesperium , consistent differences exist for separating these two species (see comments under P . hesperium ). Hybridization between P . amorphum and P . hesperium results in triploid individuals with misshapen spores (F. A. Lang 1971)."
144	2023-08-31 06:43:01		Vascular Plants: Ferns and Lycophytes	Polypodiaceae	33359	Polypodium glycyrrhiza		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA2: "Polypodium glycyrrhiza hybridizes with P . calirhiza and with P . hesperium to produce sterile triploids with misshapen spores. Polypodium glycyrrhiza was involved in the origin of both of these allotetraploid species, and some individuals can be difficult to identify. Free versus anastomosing venation distinguishes this species from P . calirhiza ; the presence of adaxial hairs on the rachis separates it from P . hesperium . An additional character for distinguishing these taxa is spore length, which is less than 58 Âµm in diploid P . glycyrrhiza and more than 58 Âµm in the two tetraploid species."
145	2023-08-31 06:45:18		Vascular Plants: Ferns and Lycophytes	Polypodiaceae	33365	Polypodium hesperium		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA2: "Using morphologic and chromosomal data, F. A. Lang (1971) proposed that Polypodium hesperium originated through allotetraploidy involving P . glycyrrhiza and P . amorphum , a hypothesis recently supported by electrophoretic studies (C. H. Haufler, M. D. Windham, and E. W. Rabe, unpublished). Variations in spore surface morphology and banding patterns observed in isozyme studies indicate that P . hesperium may have originated more than once from different individuals of the same species. Some collections of P . hesperium can be mistaken for P . glycyrrhiza , but the latter species is easily distinguished by its pubescent rachises, linear blade scales, and smaller spores (less than 58 Âµm). Although P . amorphum has sporangiasters and P . hesperium lacks them, misshapen sporangia in P . hesperium can mimic these distinctive soral structures. Therefore, it is often necessary to use a combination of soral, stem scale, and blade scale features (discussed in the key) to separate P . hesperium from P . amorphum . Hybridization occurs between P . hesperium and each of its progenitor diploids to form triploid individuals with misshapen spores (F. A. Lang 1971). Rare, sterile, tetraploid hybrids with P . saximontanum have also been detected (M. D. Windham, unpublished)."
146	2023-08-31 06:48:04		Vascular Plants: Ferns and Lycophytes	Polypodiaceae	33376	Polypodium scouleri		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA2: "The distinctive Polypodium scouleri has occasionally been assigned to the genus Goniophlebium because of its anastomosing venation and conspicuous areoles. Its venation pattern can be quite variable, however, and cannot be used as the sole feature distinguishing P . scouleri from P . californicum . Combining venation characteristics with others provided in the key distinguishes it clearly from its congeners in Polypodium . Some evidence suggests that P . scouleri hybridizes with P . californicum (S. A. Whitmore, unpubl.). I. Manton (1951) reported diploid and triploid cytotypes for P . scouleri , and variation in spore size suggests that the species may also include tetraploid populations."
