ID	ModifiedOn	Contributors	InformalClassification	Family	TaxonID	TaxonName	SeeAlso	NameRank	Hybrid	TerminalTaxon	Excluded	Peripheral	Waif	Endemic	Extirpated	OriginCode	Origin	Distribution	Voucher	Comments
4722	2018-05-02 22:04:00		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	124838	Amphiscirpus		genus		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			
4723	2023-11-11 08:20:59		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	124839	Amphiscirpus nevadensis		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Amphiscirpus nevadensis superficially resembles some dwarfed forms of Schoenoplectus pungens, with which it sometimes grows; S. pungens is readily distinguished by its trigonous culms and leaf blades, prominently 2-fid, awned scales, and beaked achenes. Amphiscirpus nevadensis differs from all North American species of Schoenoplectus in its wiry culms and leaves, prominently ciliate ligules, absence of evident internal aerenchyma, and beakless achenes. It has been reported from Delta, Manitoba."
4724	2018-05-02 22:04:00		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	124849	Bolboschoenus		genus		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			
4725	2023-09-23 21:18:47		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	124850	Bolboschoenus fluviatilis		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Bolboschoenus fluviatilis frequently forms dense, monospecific, often entirely vegetative stands, and it is more common than recorded because vegetative colonies are often overlooked (E. W. Chester and B. E. Wofford 1992). The only record for Alabama is an 1870 collection from the East Fowl River in the Mobile Delta, where the species has not been collected since. It was intentionally introduced into New Hampshire (D. J. Padgett and G. E. Crow 1993). The report from New Mexico by M. L. Fernald (1950) cannot be confirmed because no specimen is known.<br><br>Putative hybrids with Bolboschoenus maritimus occur in California. Bolboschoenus novae-angliae probably originated from B. fluviatilis × B. robustus (J. Browning et al. 1995). Introgression from B. maritimus and/or B. robustus is suggested by the larger exocarp cells (evident in surface view) in some North American plants. The Eurasian B. yagara (Ohwi) Y. C. Yang & M. Zhan differs from B. fluviatilis in its narrower leaves and smaller achenes."
4726	2023-09-23 21:07:28		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	124858	Bolboschoenus maritimus		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4727	2023-09-23 21:11:52		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	124864	Bolboschoenus maritimus ssp. paludosus		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Bolboschoenus maritimus belongs to a difficult, worldwide complex, in which the delimitation of specific and infraspecific taxa is still unclear. The new lectotype and epitype from the Baltic coast of Sweden selected by S. G. Smith and I. Kukkonen (1999) are used here as the basis for redefining B. maritimus subsp. maritimus, which was previously defined to include B. yagara (Ohwi) Y. C. Yang & M. Zhan (J. Browning et al. 1996; Z. Hroudová et al. 1998).<br><br>It seems likely that some populations of both Bolboschoenus maritimus subsp. maritimus and B. maritimus subsp. paludosus have been introduced into the flora from Eurasia. <br><br>Many bipistillate specimens from Eurasia and Africa are very similar to American plants. Further study may show that these plants should be included in Bolboschoenus maritimus subsp. paludosus.<br><br>Plants from seashores have bright brown floral scales and medium to dark brown achenes; plants from the western interior have bright brown to very pale floral scales and/or achenes.<br><br>Around Chicago, Illinois, Bolboschoenus maritimus subsp. paludosus is spreading with other halophytes in roadside ditches where salts accumulate; it is likely to occur elsewhere in similar conditions. Bolboschoenus maritimus subsp. paludosus is planted for waterfowl food (H. A. George 1963, as Scirpus robustus), and in California it is sometimes mixed with B. glaucus and hybrids. The tough inner vascular cores of the rhizomes are used by Native Americans of the Pacific Coast in making baskets."
4728	2018-05-02 22:04:00		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	124973	Carex		genus		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			
4729	2023-04-15 18:21:58		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	124976	Carex abrupta		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring in the Cascades and west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4731	2023-04-15 18:27:56		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125013	Carex albonigra		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring in the Cascade and Olympic mountains of Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4732	2019-05-15 13:30:56		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125028	Carex amplifolia		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex amplifolia is confined to temperate western North America, where it is usually uncommon or rare from coastal lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains."
4733	2023-04-15 18:32:44		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125029	Carex angustata		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occuring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU, WS"}	See L. Standley, 1985.<br><br>FNA23: "Carex angustata is a member of the C. stricta complex based on the scabrous, red-brown, bladeless ladder-fibrillose sheaths, the veined perigynia, the hypostomic leaves, and the low chromosome numbers. It is distinguished from sympatric members of the group, C. nudata and C. senta, by the rhizomatous habit, the few-veined perigynia, and the scabrous stems and from the often-sympatric C. aquatilis by the scabrous, veined sheaths and the veined perigynia."
4734	2023-04-16 09:11:22		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125044	Carex anthoxanthea		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4735	2023-04-16 09:27:17		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125048	Carex aperta		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex aperta and C. haydenii appear to be a very closely related, allopatric pair of species that may not be closely related to other members of the section. This species-pair is distinguished by the inflated perigynia, the acute scales that are longer than the perigynia, and the unique chromosome number. Carex aperta is distinguished from C. haydenii by its rhizomatous habit, the dull brown achenes, and the entire beak. It is sometimes mistaken for the sympatric taxa that also lack veins on the perigynia, C. aquatilis and C. scopulorum; mature specimens can easily be identified by the inflated perigynia."
4736	2023-04-16 09:40:36		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125054	Carex aquatilis		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4737	2023-10-26 11:15:48		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125058	Carex aquatilis var. aquatilis		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex aquatilis is circumboreal and variable; four extensively intergrading varieties are recognized in North America. The species is distinguished by amphistomic (epistomic in var. dives) papillose leaves, glabrous sheaths with a concave apex, perigynia that lack veins and are usually brown-spotted on the proximal half, and have glossy achenes.<br><br>The circumboreal Carex aquatilis var. aquatilis is very common in wetlands of the northern and montane portions of North America. The plants are usually rhizomatous; in very wet or flooded sites they may form cespitose clumps.<br><br>Carex aquatilis var. aquatilis is distinguished from the sympatric Carex stricta by the sheaths not ladder-fibrillose, obovoid and veinless perigynia that are rounded at apex, glossy achenes, and amphistomic leaves. It is often confused with C. emoryi, and distinguished by perigynia that lack veins, concave sheath apex, glossy achenes, and amphistomic leaves. In western North America, it is often sympatric with C. scopulorum and may be distinguished by the pale brown perigynia, glossy achenes, and amphistomic leaves.<br><br>Carex aquatilis and C. scopulorum occasionally hybridize; hybrids have been named as C. ×sphacelata T. Holm and C. ×chionophila T. Holm. Carex aquatilis var. aquatilis overlaps and may intergrade with C. aquatilis var. dives along the Pacific Coast, with var. minor along the Arctic coast, and with var. substricta in the Great Lakes-New England region. Much of var. aquatilis in the southern part of its range has been called var. altior (L. H. Bailey) Rydberg. The type for var. altior is a specimen of C. emoryi."
4738	2023-10-26 11:19:41		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125063	Carex aquatilis var. dives		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	Some authorities continue to treat C. sitchensis as a separate species e.g. A. Ceska in Illustrated Flora of British Columbia, 2001.<br><br>FNA23: "Carex aquatilis var. dives is the most robust variety of C. aquatilis and the only member to have pendent spikes, ellipsoid perigynia, and epistomic leaves. Carex aquatilis var. dives intergrades with var. aquatilis and does not appear to be distinct at the specific level. It may hybridize with C. lyngbyei."
4739	2023-10-26 11:23:16		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125076	Carex arcta		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4740	2023-10-26 11:30:22		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125094	Carex atherodes		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex atherodes is a major wetland species in portions of the Midwest and West and becomes increasingly uncommon and local in the eastern portions of its range. It forms large clones and can tolerate deeper water than most Carex. Glabrous forms occur and seem to be more common in the western portion of the range.<br><br>Carex atherodes rarely hybridizes with C. trichocarpa."
4741	2023-10-26 11:37:18		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125096	Carex athrostachya		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex athrostachya intergrades with C. unilateralis."
4742	2004-10-19 00:00:00	Fred Weinmann, Peter F. Zika	Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125112	Carex atratiformis		species		Y	Y	N	N	N	N					Misapplied in WA; no verified records.
4743	2023-10-26 11:42:51		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125122	Carex atrosquama		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4746	2023-10-26 11:57:27		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125146	Carex bebbii		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "In addition to typical perennial behavior, Carex bebbii may reach reproductive stage from seed in a single season, thus behaving as a facultative annual. Carex athrostachya and C. crawfordii may share this reproductive feature."
4747	2023-10-26 12:00:02		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125174	Carex bolanderi		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	Segregated from C. deweyana in FNA.
4748	2023-10-26 12:04:24		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125180	Carex brevior		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington in eastern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex brevior seems to display an unusually broad, aneuploid chromosome series that does not readily correlated with any features of external morphology (P. E. Rothrock and A. A. Reznicek 1998). The chromosome variation may, however, have a geographic relationship. Among the plants observed, the lowest number came from northeast Texas while the highest number (n = 34) came from Manitoba (Á. Löve and D. Löve 1981b).<br><br>Records of Carex brevior from ruderal habitats east and south of its main range are likely introductions."
4749	2020-08-22 17:51:58		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125183	Carex breweri	Carex engelmannii	species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring in the Cascades Mountains from Mt. Adams and south in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "A. Cronquist (1969) considered Carex breweri and C. engelmannii conspecific; he distinguished them at the varietal level by a difference in pistillate scale characters. The correlated differences in perigynium shape and veins, the dimensions of most structures, and the foliar anatomy support their retention as distinct species."
4750	2023-10-26 13:38:10		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125191	Carex brunnescens		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4751	2023-10-26 13:41:26		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125197	Carex brunnescens ssp. brunnescens		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex brunnescens is variable across its wide distribution; it deserves a monographic treatment. Many taxa have been described. Most variation is presumably of ecophenotypic nature; when growing in shady habitats the species is slender and weak and the scales are not or but little colored; in more exposed sites it is stiffer, and the scales become strongly brownish tinged. Only two subspecies are recognized here. Subspecies alaskana and subsp. pacifica (see A. Kalela 1965) seem to grade to the typical subsp. brunnescens. A short-leaved plant with short and red tinged perigynia from western United States (Colorado, Montana, Utah, Wyoming) may represent a southern subspecies and should be studied in greater detail.<br><br>"
4752	2023-04-15 18:34:29		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125215	Carex buchananii		species		Y	Y	N	Y	N	N	I	Introduced		{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	This species is known in WA from a single collection in an urban area.  It is not considered established in the flora.
4753	2023-10-26 13:45:15		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125222	Carex buxbaumii		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4754	2023-10-26 13:53:17		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125230	Carex californica		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4755	2023-10-26 13:57:36		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125232	Carex canescens		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4756	2023-10-26 14:00:06		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125236	Carex canescens ssp. canescens		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex canescens subsp. canescens is a variable taxon with a wide circumpolar distribution; it is found throughout the distibution range of the species, except the southernmost parts of southeastern United States. Many varieties and forms have been described in the subspecies. Slender, short plants with subglobose spikes and small, short-beaked perigynia have often been called var. subloliacea. Those plants represent both subspecies treated herein and to a minor part also C. lapponica. Tall, robust plants with stout, relative dark perigynia from mountainous regions (especially British Columbia and Alaska) may represent an ecotype and are often called var. robustior. Similar specimens have been collected from southern South America (Tierra del Fuego, Falkland Islands). The status of the taxon needs further study."
4757	2023-04-23 13:59:08		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125244	Carex capillaris		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex capillaris is somewhat variable and is often divided into two infraspecific taxa. Plants from the south are larger, have pale brown pistillate scales, and serrulate perigynium beaks. Northern plants are smaller, have medium brown pistillate scales, and smooth perigynium beaks. These characteristics are only weakly correlated, making it difficult to assign individuals to these taxa except in a very arbitrary manner. When recognized, the southern plants are called subsp. capillaris (C. chlorostachya Steven, C. capillaris var. major Drejer ex Blytt), and the northern plants are called subsp. fuscidula (V. I. Kreczetovicz ex T. V. Egorova) Á. Löve & D. Löve.<br>T. V. Egorova (1964) recorded the Asian species Carex delicata C. B. Clarke (as C. karoi) from Colorado; no specimens have been seen that confirm that report, and it seems likely an error because T. V. Egorova (1999) indicated the species is restricted to Asia. This species has dense lateral spikes with 15–30 perigynia, the perigynia rounded at the apex and abruptly beaked, with the beak 0.1–0.2 mm.<br>Carex tiogana D. M. Taylor & J. Mastrogiuseppe from northern California cannot be satisfactorily distinguished from C. capillaris, although it possesses an uncommon combination of characteristics. It is probably best treated as a variety or subspecies of C. capillaris. Until a more satisfactory account of the variability in C. tiogana and its relationship with C. krausei is produced, its status must remain uncertain."
4758	2023-10-26 14:08:49		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125253	Carex capitata		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring in northwestern and north-central Washington near the Canadian border;	{"Herbarium":"Not at WTU; WS?"}	FNA says this species does not occur in WA. SPNW shows the range of this species to be well south of Washington. No vouchers at WTU.  This species is considered excluded until further evidence appears indicating that it should be included in the Washington flora.<br><br>FNA23: "In Scandinavia (L. Reinhammar 1999) and Russia (T. V. Egorova 1999), Carex arctogena is distinguished from C. capitata on ecologic and morphologic grounds and also by allozymes at the rank of species. In North America the distinctions are not clear; two taxa can be observed, but there are also numerous specimens of uncertain determination. When making new collections, it is important to evaluate the differences seen elsewhere and to pay close attention to habitat and habit (see below). Separate status at some rank may be appropriate for the taxon "arctogena" in North America too. If C. antarctogena Roivainen from Tierra del Fuego is placed within C. capitata as D. M. Moore and A. O. Chater (1971) and D. M. Moore (1983) have done, then the species occurs at both the northern and the southern extremes of the Americas.<br><br>Carex capitata and C. arctogena differ in habitat (boreal mires versus alpine heaths), habit (mat-forming versus tufted), and morphology of the pistillate scales (much shorter and narrower than perigynia and with narrow hyaline margins versus as long as perigynia and with broad hyaline margins) and perigynia (beak gradually formed and smooth versus beak and may be sparingly serrulate)."
4759	2023-10-26 14:28:30		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125276	Carex chordorrhiza		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA says this species does not occur in WA but WTU has vouchers collected from Okanogan County. Also recorded by Peter Zika as an introduced species in cranberry bogs in Oregon.<br><br>FNA23: "Easily overlooked, Carex chordorrhiza is uncommon and local in much of its range, especially in districts with predominantly acidic soils. However, it can form extensive stands and be a dominant species in some boreal wetlands. Oregon collections represent occurrences in commercial cranberry bogs and are presumably introductions.<br><br>The rhizomes are short and rarely collected; the leafy vegetative stems elongate dramatically as the season progresses. At first erect to ascending, the stems eventually lie flat and next season send out roots and shoots from the nodes. These horizontal stems typically become overgrown by moss or form networks in shallow water, thus appear to be rhizomes."
4760	2023-10-26 14:39:48		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125277	Carex circinata		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring in the Olympic Mountains in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4761	2023-10-26 17:15:40		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125288	Carex comosa		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex comosa is uncommon and local in the west and south of glaciated regions in the east except in some coastal areas.<br><br>Carex comosa rarely forms sterile hybrids with C. pseudocyperus and C. hystericina."
4762	2023-10-26 17:43:54		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125292	Carex concinnoides		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex cocinnoides is the only North American sedge with four stigmas per pistil. It is most similar to C. richardsonii; differs in its more closely aggregated, short-pedunculate pistillate spikes with very short-sheathing bracts. These close relatives are sympatric only at the northern and eastern edge of the range of C. concinnoides."
4763	2023-10-26 17:48:48		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125299	Carex cordillerana		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	Vouchers of this species at WTU have historically been called C. backii.
4764	2023-10-26 17:59:00		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125302	Carex crawei		species		Y	N	N	N	N	Y	N	Native	Known historically (1841) from northeastern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"Not at WTU; WS?"}	Last collected in WA in 1841.<br><br>FNA23: "Though widespread, Carex crawei is usually rare or local except near the shores of the Great Lakes, glades in the Interior Highlands, and prairie swales on parts of the Great Plains. Other authors have reported it from Nova Scotia (H. J. Scoggan 1978–1979, part 2; earlier mentioned by M. L. Fernald 1948 on the authority of J. M. Macoun 1899); no specimens to substantiate the reports have been found.<br><br>The perigynia in Carex crawei are usually smaller than in C. microdonta. A few specimens from Ontario and New York with all other characteristics of C. crawei have larger and slightly beaked perigynia that approach those of C. microdonta."
4765	2023-10-26 20:28:26		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125303	Carex crawfordii		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington, but also along the coast where introduced in ditches, irrigation ponds and cranberry farms.	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	Occurs as an introduced weed in coastal WA and OR cranberry bogs.
4766	2023-10-26 20:31:49		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125326	Carex cusickii		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Although infrequent or local in most parts of its range, Carex cusickii is fairly common in and west of the Cascade Mountains. Reports of C. cusickii from Utah probably are based on specimens of C. diandra. Carex cusickii is more similar to C. prairea than either species is to C. diandra. Both are typically more robust than the latter, having wider leaves and sometimes larger inflorescences and larger perigynia. The characteristics distinguishing the first two, although seemingly unimportant, are constant and appear to have populational significance. Furthermore, the geographic ranges of the species, although contiguous in the western part of the Cariboo Forest Region of southern British Columbia, are wholly discrete except for the remarkable occurrence of C. prairea in Flathead County, Montana. It remains to be determined if any real overlapping or recombining of characteristics occurs among the several species of section Heleoglochin, or whether the difficulty in drawing precise lines between them in the herbarium is merely the consequence of inadequate specimens and reliance on too few characters."
4767	2023-10-27 20:52:58		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125332	Carex davyi		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Known historically (1909) from the Mt. Adams area;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	Treated as a synonym of C. petasata by H&C. <br><br>FNA23: "Carex constanceana, known from only one locality, has not been collected since the early 1900s. It has features of C. petasata and of C. davyi. In one flora C. constanceana was included in C. petasata (A. Cronquist 1969)."
4768	2023-10-28 07:28:01		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125348	Carex deflexa		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4769	2023-10-28 07:31:22		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125350	Carex deflexa var. boottii		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex defexa var. boottii is sometimes included in C. rossii. The varieties are said to differ in the degree of spreading of the rhizomes; var. boottii is more cespitose in habit and has stouter rootstocks than var. deflexa. That character varies considerably within each variety, and may be dependent on the compaction and particle size of the soil in which a plant is growing. These taxa clearly form a complex that requires further study.<br><br>The name Carex brevipes was first proposed by W. Boott (in S. Watson 1876–1880, vol 2, p. 246) but then withdrawn (p. 485), so was not validly published by him. Subsequent authors used the name, attributing it to W. Boott. It was validly published at species rank by K. K. Mackenzie (1931–1935) and at varietal rank by L. H. Bailey."
4770	2023-08-03 09:08:39		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125359	Carex densa		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex densa has been subdivided into as many as four species. Variable characters of the taxon include the compaction of the inflorescence, the shape of the sheath apex, the size and number of veins on the perigynium, the length of the pistillate scale awn, and the development of spongy tissue basal and lateral to the perigynium. The morphologic variation shows no geographic or ecologic pattern and cannot be separated consistently by visual or statistical analyses. The most frequently recognized taxa, C. densa and C. dudleyi, are end-points along a morphologic continuum of spongy tissue development. The perigynium of typical C. densa has well-developed spongy tissue, giving an ovate shape and rounded base. In contrast, the typical C. dudleyi lacks development of spongy tissue, giving a rhombic shape and tapered base. These extremes are connected by a continuous range of intermediate forms that display the same range of variation found in C. vulpinoidea. A single species is here recognized; however, further study may clarify patterns of biological variation within the complex taxon."
4771	2020-05-05 17:44:10		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125364	Carex deweyana	Carex bolanderi, Carex infirminervia, Carex leptopoda	species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4772	2020-05-05 17:46:25		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125366	Carex deweyana var. deweyana		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4773	2023-10-28 07:42:44		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125367	Carex diandra		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Although common northward (but not at the highest latitudes except in District of Mackenzie and Yukon), this circumboreal sedge is occasional to rare throughout much of its United States range. Carex diandra was reported from Tennessee by J. K. Underwood (1945) and in lists of Tennessee plants on the basis of an old specimen that has been destroyed. H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist\\'s (1963, 1991) report for Missouri, quoted in later floras and catalogues, is believed to be erroneous. See comments under C. prairea."
4774	2023-10-29 12:51:20		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125376	Carex disperma		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4775	2023-10-29 13:00:42		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125383	Carex divulsa		species		N	N	N	Y	N	N	I	Introduced from Eurasia	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington in lowland areas;	{"Herbarium":"WTU","Collector":"Zika","CollectorNumber":"23141"}	
4776	2023-10-29 13:04:06		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125386	Carex divulsa ssp. leersii		infraspecies		Y	N	N	Y	N	N	I	Introduced from Eurasia	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington in lowland areas;	{"Herbarium":"WTU","Collector":"Zika","CollectorNumber":"23141"}	Planted as an ornamental and locally escaping in King Co.
4777	2023-11-07 15:20:24		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125388	Carex douglasii		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "The stigmas of Carex douglasii are very long and form a tangled mat that persists essentially until the perigynia mature, giving a distinctive appearance to pistillate inflorescences of the species. Though the plants are uniform in appearance superficially, the perigynia are quite variable in shape and size."
4778	2009-11-18 09:27:00	Fred Weinmann, Peter F. Zika	Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125391	Carex duriuscula		species		Y	Y	N	N	N	N				{"Herbarium":"Not at WTU"}	Occurrence in based on report by WNHP. No vouchers located. Sedges of the Pacific Northwest (SPNW) does not show this species occurring in Washington.  Until a voucher for WA is collected, this species will be considered excluded.<br><br>FNA23: "Carex duriuscula belongs to a difficult complex of temperate dry grassland species, and the North American plants are recognized here as conspecific with the Asian Carex duriuscula, following T. V. Egorova (1999). Compared to the Asian plants, the North American plants usually are taller [5–12(–20) versus (6–)10–35 cm] and the perigynia are larger [2.5–3(–3.2) versus 2.4–3.9 mm] (T. V. Egorova 1999). More work is still needed here. North American plants have often been treated as a variety or subspecies of the Eurasian C. stenophylla, which is quite different in having larger perigynia that are distinctly veined adaxially. "
4779	2023-10-10 13:25:05		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125398	Carex eburnea		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	Known from Pend Oreille County. Reports of Carex krausei in WA belong here.
4780	2023-10-30 20:37:21		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125399	Carex echinata		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4781	2023-10-31 18:46:19		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125403	Carex echinata ssp. echinata		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex echinata subsp. echinata is a complex, variable entity; plants of relatively sterile habitats from Newfoundland to Minnesota and south locally to the mountains of Tennessee and North Carolina have very narrow perigynia with the spikes either in congested heads or more laxly arranged and may be called C. echinata var. angustata (J. Carey) L. H. Bailey. Plants from the San Bernardino Mountains, Coast Ranges, Sierra Nevada, and some of the volcanic peaks in California, Oregon, and Washington tend to have very elongate inflorescences with widely spaced spikes and may be called C. echinata var. ormantha Fernald. In some areas these variants appear reasonably distinct, but over most of the species range intergrades between the extremes are frequent."
4782	2023-10-31 18:49:22		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125417	Carex echinata ssp. phyllomanica		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4783	2020-08-22 17:57:48		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125444	Carex engelmannii		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring in the Olympic Mountains and in the Cascades Mountains south to Mt. Adams in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex engelmannii occurs north and east of the range of C. breweri; both species occur on Mt. Adams, Washington. Carex engelmannii is most similar to C. subnigricans. It differs in the inrolled scale margins, the larger, sessile perigynia, the stipitate achene, and leaf cross sectional shape. It occurs in drier habitats usually to the north and east of the range of C. subnigricans. Relationships among the three species placed in the section, as well as their relationships to other unispicate sections, should be studied further."
4784	2023-10-29 21:22:11		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125452	Carex exsiccata		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex exsiccata is regarded by some authors, with some justification, as C. vesicaria var. major. It is a coarser plant with leathery, lanceolate perigynia gradually tapered to the apex that occurs at lower elevations and is usually readily distinguishable although some plants from the Cascades are difficult to place. In the west, typical C. vesicaria occurs mostly above 1400 m. Some authors (B. Boivin 1967–1979; T. M. C. Taylor 1983) treat all western plants as C. exsiccata, distinct from the eastern North American and Eurasian C. vesicaria. The Rocky Mountain, Cascade Range, and Sierra Nevada plants do not differ substantially from eastern plants, except that sometimes they have darker perigynia and scales."
4785	2023-10-31 18:54:36		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125459	Carex feta		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4786	2023-10-31 19:57:50		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125461	Carex filifolia		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4787	2023-10-31 19:59:56		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125464	Carex filifolia var. filifolia		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA separates C. filifolia into two varieties only one of which occurs in WA.
4788	2023-10-31 20:04:57		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125475	Carex flava		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA does not list for WA. but good voucher specimens can be found at WTU and perhaps other herbaria.
4789	2023-10-31 20:08:09		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125493	Carex fracta		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4790	2023-06-11 22:46:23		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125509	Carex geyeri		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4792	2023-11-01 11:20:27		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125570	Carex halliana		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in southern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4793	2021-02-23 14:18:01		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125581	Carex hassei		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	SPNW: "Taxonomy of Carex hassei and relatives is controversial.  It has often been merged with C. aurea and/or northern and eastern C. garberi.  Even treated as a separate species, C. hassei has more variation than is typical of most Carex species.  Variants include coastal CA plants called C. saliniformis; serpentine plants of NW CA and SW OR with a mix of 2 and 3 stigmas; small neat plants of alkaline springs in NV; and plae, robust plants of the San Bernadino Mts. of S CA."
4794	2023-11-01 11:27:35		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125584	Carex haydeniana		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"Not at WTU; WS?"}	FNA lists for WA but its occurrence needs to be documented. KZ, 2004, reports a voucher at WS from Walla Walla, County. Identification needs to be verified. <br><br>SPNW does not show this species occurring anywhere near Washington.  Until a voucher is located confirming the Washington occurrence, this species is considered excluded.
4795	2023-11-01 11:33:39		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125601	Carex hendersonii		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4796	2023-11-01 11:43:06		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125603	Carex heteroneura	Carex atrosquama	species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest along the Canadian border in Washington	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Intermediates between Carex epapillosa and C. heteroneura occur in California, Nevada, and Utah."
4797	2021-06-07 12:24:32		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125622	Carex hoodii		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4798	2023-11-01 12:03:18		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125640	Carex hystericina		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA does not list for WA but several vouchers exist at WTU and probably other herbaria. <br><br>FNA23: "Carex hystericina is widespread and common, even weedy, in regions with calcareous substrates. It hybridizes uncommonly with C. pseudocyperus and more rarely with C. comosa, C. schweinitzii, C. utriculata, and C. vesicaria. Hybrids are sterile and intermediate in morphology. The species epithet is often, but not originally, spelled "hystricina."
4799	2023-11-04 08:22:57		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125645	Carex illota		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex illota is unlike all other members of sect. Ovales in having perigynia lacking wings and margins consistently entire from perigynia base to beak tip."
4800	2023-11-04 08:26:50		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125652	Carex infirminervia		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4801	2023-11-04 08:32:35		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125653	Carex inops		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4802	2023-11-04 08:35:35		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125659	Carex inops ssp. inops		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4803	2024-05-18 08:13:43		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125664	Carex integra		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in southern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WS","Accession":"WS99506","Collector":"Suksdorf","CollectorNumber":"3148"}	WA population, on Mt. Adams, is disjunct and has not been seen since 1909.
4804	2023-11-04 08:45:14		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125665	Carex interior		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "When Carex interior occurs with C. sterilis, C. echinata, and (rarely) C. atlantica, usually sterile intermediates, presumably hybrids, may occasionally be found."
4805	2023-11-04 08:50:01		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125669	Carex interrupta		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex interrupta, an uncommon species, is distinguished by the very small, green, glabrous perigynia distended and often split by the developing achenes. Relationships of the species with other members of the section are not clear; it shares distinctive characteristics with C. torta and C. endlichii, the next two species."
4806	2023-11-05 07:53:28		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125676	Carex jonesii		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "The affinities and sectional placement of Carex jonesii are unclear. Although C. jonesii has often been considered to be part of the C. nervina-C. neurophora complex, it is distinguished from those species by numerous vegetative and reproductive characteristics, including basal leaves with short sheaths with rapidly disinte-grating hyaline fronts and perigynia with smooth beaks, oblique, rather than bidentate at the mouth. Carex jonesii is frequently confused with other western montane sedges that have capitate infloresences. It is most often confused with C. illota due to the strong similarity of the perigynia (somewhat shorter and more rounded apically in C. illota). Although C. illota is placed in sect. Ovales based on the gynecandrous spikes, that character can be very difficult to determine in mature plants due to the condensed inflorescence. The ovate, spongy-based perigynia of C. illota suggest a closer relationship with C. jonesii than with typical members of sect. Ovales."
4807	2023-11-05 17:19:43		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125682	Carex kelloggii		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4808	2023-11-05 17:24:23		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125684	Carex kelloggii var. impressa		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4809	2023-11-05 17:26:35		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125690	Carex kelloggii var. kelloggii		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4810	2023-11-05 17:31:00		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125697	Carex kelloggii var. limnophila		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington strictly along the coast, sometimes introduced in the West Cascades lowlands;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4811	2023-11-05 07:57:47		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125703	Carex kobomugi		species		Y	N	N	Y	N	N	I	Introduced from eastern Asia.	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southwestern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Before Carex kobomugi was formally recognized it was included in C. macrocephala Willdenow ex Sprengel. Carex kobomugi was collected during the early 1900s from ballast and sand near Portland, Oregon, but recent collections are not known; the habitat there may no longer exist. Clones of C. kobomugi have been registered by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service and the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station for long-term stabilization of coastal sand dunes. Its introduced range will likely expand."<br><br>SPNW reports it established in sand dunes in southwestern WA.
4812	2009-11-23 08:20:00	Fred Weinmann, Peter F. Zika	Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125716	Carex lachenalii		species		Y	Y	N	N	N	N				{"Herbarium":"Not at WTU; WS?"}	No verified records in KZ reports for N. Cascades based on a Naas collection. Diligent search by PZ was unable to locate any specimens at WTU from WA. One voucher reported to be held at NPS herbarium in Marblemount. C. bipartita is a missapplied name.
4813	2023-11-05 08:01:16		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125718	Carex lacustris		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4814	2023-11-05 10:55:19		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125723	Carex laeviculmis		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex laeviculmis is divergent from the rest of the members of Carex sect. Deweyanae and may not belong to this section. Compared to the other taxa in the section, C. laeviculmis has shorter, more spreading perigynia, with lower length to width ratios and shorter beaks. In this flora, placement of C. laeviculmis in Carex sect. Deweyanae follows the recommendation of A. A. Reznicek and P. W. Ball (1980), although K. K. Mackenzie\'s (1931–1935, parts 2–3, pp. 99–114) placement of this species in Carex sect. Stellulatae may be correct.<br><br>Reports of Carex laeviculmis from Colorado appear to be based on misidentifications."
4815	2021-03-16 20:41:26		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125733	Carex lasiocarpa		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex lasiocarpa is a dominant of boreal wetlands, often forming huge stands. Large stands of the species are quite striking at a distance because of their pale straw color derived from the dried and faded, curly, filiform leaf apices of the vegetative shoots. Sometimes extensive stands occur without fertile culms.<br><br>The reported hybrids between Carex lasiocarpa and C. stricta require confirmation (J. Cayouette and P. M. Catling 1992).<br><br>North American plants have, on average, slightly smaller perigynia and shorter beak teeth than European and Asian plants and have been distinguished as subsp. americana (Fernald) Hultén."
4816	2020-04-01 10:05:22		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125761	Carex leporina		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	SPNW: "This ruderal species has been considered native to Europe and probably introduced to North America, but recent phylogenetic research suggests that C. leporina evolved in western North America and was introduced to Europe.  Flip-flopping between names C. leporina and C. ovalis is due to confusion about which plant specimen should be considered the type for the name C. leporina."
4817	2023-11-05 11:00:45		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125762	Carex leporinella		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4818	2020-04-01 09:56:32		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125765	Carex leptalea		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex leptalea has the widest geographic range of any North American sedge. Plants vary in color, stature, length of spikes, length, shape, and degree of overlap of periginia, and color and shape of apex of pistillate scales (other minor characteristics are indicated in J. A. Calder and R. L. Taylor 1965 and B. Boivin 1967–1979). Three morphotypes probably warrant formal taxonomic recognition. Because they intergrade to some degree, the modern tendency is to treat them as only extreme phases in a wide-ranging, complex species. A major study is needed to clarify the taxonomy.<br><br>The typical phase, Carex leptalea subsp. leptalea, tends to be a more slender plant with thinner culms, narrower leaves and smaller spikes and perigynia (2.5–3.5 mm) than subsp. harperi and subsp. pacifica. Its pistillate scales, which vary in shape of apex, are yellowish green to brownish, and its achenes are obtusely angled. That phase is quite uniform and occurs throughout much of the continent, extending south to the uplands of North Carolina, Tennessee, Missouri, South Dakota, New Mexico, and California. Small plants from Alaska, Yukon, Alberta, British Columbia, and eastward, var. tayloris, are extremes of the phase.<br><br>The most distinct variant, Carex leptalea subsp. harperi [C. harperi, C. leptalea var. harperi], has longer [3.4–4.9(–5.4) mm], more slender perigynia that overlap more strongly and are subtended by whitish scales. Its spikes are, on the average, longer, and its achenes are sharply angled. The phase occurs from Florida to Texas, north to New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Indiana, and Missouri. Various authors have reported it from farther north, but it is doubtful whether subsp. harperi occurs beyond the range given.<br><br>Carex leptalea subsp. pacifica [C. jimcalderi] resembles subsp. harperi in its longer perigynia [(3–)3.4–4.7 mm)] and proximal pistillate scales with the midvein excurrent into a cusp or awn, but differs in its brown-margined scales and obtusely angled achenes. This phase occurs only west of the Coast-Cascade Mountains from the Alaska Panhandle south through the offshore islands and mainland coast of British Columbia to Thurston County, Washington."
4819	2023-11-05 11:04:43		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125776	Carex leptopoda		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	Split out as separate species from C. deweyana.
4820	2023-11-05 11:45:02		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125777	Carex limosa		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4821	2020-04-02 09:48:50		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125783	Carex livida		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "The distribution of Carex livida is very scattered; it is uncommon to rare over much of its range, especially in districts with predominantly acidic soils."
4822	2023-11-05 12:17:40		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125792	Carex longii		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	I	Introduced from eastern North America.	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4823	2023-11-05 12:26:59		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125812	Carex luzulina		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4824	2022-03-02 20:54:59		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125820	Carex lyngbyei		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex lyngbyei is the common sedge of the Pacific coastal salt marshes. It may easily be distinguished from sympatric species by the large, pendent, pedunculate spikes and the leathery, yellow-brown perigynia.<br><br>Although the species is also reported to occur in Japan and Korea, some Asian collections show significant morphologic and habitat differences from the North American plants. It is probably most closely related to Carex paleacea and to the South American C. darwinii, and differs from C. paleacea primarily by having acute, rather than awned, scales. Previous reports from eastern North American were misidentifications (J. Cayouette 1987)."
4825	2023-11-05 12:50:20		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125827	Carex macloviana		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4826	2023-11-05 18:37:39		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125831	Carex macrocephala		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the coast in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4827	2023-11-05 19:08:28		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125834	Carex macrochaeta		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "T. V. Egorova (1999) included Carex macrochaeta in sect. Scitae. The species commonly has a white or cream tomentum on many roots, although most individuals have at least some roots with a yellowish tomentum. The sectional placement of this species requires further investigation."
4828	2023-11-06 19:35:54		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125835	Carex magellanica		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in northern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4829	2023-11-06 19:41:51		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125837	Carex magellanica ssp. irrigua		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in northern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex magellanica is one of the bipolar disjunct species of Carex discussed by D. M. Moore and A. O. Chater (1971). Carex magellanica subsp. magellanica occurs in cool temperate regions of South America. It is distinguished from C. magellanica subsp. irrigua by the terminal spike being almost always gynecandrous, the lateral spikes with (2–)3–7 staminate flowers, and the pistillate scales (1.3–)1.6–2.3 mm wide."
4830	2023-11-06 19:50:29		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125862	Carex media		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Casades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex media is circumboreal with extensions southward to the mountains of Montana, Oregon, and Washington, the driftless area of Iowa and Wisconsin, and the maritime provinces of eastern Canada. It occurs together with C. norvegica only in Quebec and Newfoundland (Labrador), where intermediates are known. All references to C. norvegica west of Hudson Bay are to this species."
4831	2023-11-06 20:13:32		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125879	Carex mertensii		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex mertensii is represented in Japan and the Russian Far East by the vicariant C. urostachys Franchet [C. mertensii J. D. Prescott var. urostachys (Franchet) Kükenthal]."
4832	2023-11-06 20:22:54		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125897	Carex micropoda		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring in the Cascades Range and Olympic Mountains in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "There is as much variation within the Rocky Mountain Carex crandallii as between C. crandallii and C. micropoda of Alaska and British Columbia. J. A. Calder and R. L. Taylor (1968) reported a weak distinction between a predominately distigmatic coastal race ("micropoda") and a tristigmatic one ("pyrenaica") from the interior. T. V. Egorova (1999) illustrated the shapes of perigynia for C. pyrenaica and C. micropoda, and the differences are consistent with what others have noted. Nevertheless, until a more reliable set of characters is found to distinguish these two taxa, all of the North American plants shall be treated as C. micropoda. W. A. Weber and R. C. Wittmann (1992) maintain the North American plants distinct from the European C. pyrenaica at the rank of species, a view that is accepted here. A thorough, worldwide review of relationships among taxa is warranted."
4833	2023-11-06 20:26:20		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125904	Carex microptera		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "In high montane habitats it is sometimes difficult to distinguish Carex microptera from C. haydeniana."
4834	2020-04-01 09:37:22		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125930	Carex nardina		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23:"Much has been written about variation in Carex nardina, but little has been resolved. Russian taxonomists have long maintained that C. nardina is a species restricted to Iceland, Svalbard, Noway, and Sweden and is distinct at the rank of species from C. hepburnii (T. V. Egorova 1999). The differences of perigynia, cited by Egorova and well illustrated in A. Cronquist (1969), can define two taxa, which have been viewed as minor variations (E. Hultén 1958) or good species. The Scandinavian material does appear to constitute a single taxon, C. nardina.<br><br>In North America both forms occur, but without the clear geographic limits offered by A. E. Porsild (1943). Carex nardina and C. hepburnii differ in the following characteristics: perigynia shape: ovate or spindle-shaped versus obovate or broadly elliptic; size: (3–)3.5–5 × 1.4–1.6 mm versus 3–5 × 1.5–2mm; beak formation and size: gradually formed, 0.5 mm, obscure to 0.4 mm; stipe formation and size: distinct, 0.5–1 mm verusus obscure (less than 0.2 mm); and range: Iceland, Svalbard, Norway, North America, Russian Far East versus Sweden and possibly North America. In time, perhaps, a clearer picture of the taxa in North America will emerge.<br>Carex nardina superficially resembles taxa in Carex sect. Filifoliae and can be confused with Kobresia myosuroides."
4835	2023-11-07 13:16:52		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125939	Carex nebrascensis		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex nebrascensis is a common low- to mid-elevation western species that is morphologically somewhat similar to C. aquatilis; it differs in the obovoid, distended, veined perigynia with a bidentate beak and the awned scales. The amphistomatous leaves of the species are glabrous and often glaucous even when mature. Cattle frequently graze on C. nebrascensis."
4836	2023-11-07 13:19:57		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125951	Carex neurophora		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring in the Cascades Range and Olympic Mountains in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4837	2023-11-07 13:26:08		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125960	Carex nigricans		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4838	2023-12-03 20:03:41		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125981	Carex nudata		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring along the Cascades crest in south-central Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex nudata is also a member of the C. stricta group and is distinguished from sympatric members of the group by flowering from first-year shoots and having very narrow inflorescence bracts and somewhat elongated, heavily veined perigynia. It has a very distinctive growth form and habitat, dense tussocks among rocks in streambeds."
4839	2023-11-07 13:34:52		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125987	Carex obnupta		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "<i>Carex obnupta</i> occasionally hybridizes with <i>C. nudata</i>."
4840	2023-11-07 13:40:55		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125988	Carex obtusata		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in the Olympic Mountains in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA does not show this species ocurring in WA; specimens from WA at WTU.
4841	2004-10-19 00:00:00	Fred Weinmann, Peter F. Zika	Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125990	Carex occidentalis		species		Y	Y	N	N	N	N					Misapplied in WA
4842	2023-11-07 13:44:36		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126015	Carex pachycarpa		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU","Accession":"WS89102","Collector":"Suksdorf","CollectorNumber":"2604","LabelData_waflora":null}	Long confused with Carex multicostata, which is restricted to the mountains of California and adjacent Nevada.
4843	2021-05-03 14:44:09		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126021	Carex pachystachya		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4844	2023-11-07 13:49:27		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126035	Carex pallescens		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	I	Introduced from eastern North America and Eurasia	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	Populations in Clark Co. and in sw BC are recent introductions in disturbed sites. SPNW: "The idea that the NE WA and N ID populations of C. pallescens are native is plausible because they grow in relatively undisturbed wet meadows with other apparently native plants that are from eastern N America.  Introduced populations are to be looked for in disturbed wet meadows elsewhere in the PNW."
4845	2023-11-07 13:57:03		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126046	Carex pansa		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington along coastal areas;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex pansa is striking not only for its sand-dune habitat, but its very dark scales, basal sheaths, and rhizomes scales.<br><br>Although C. pansa is sometimes united with the east Asian C. arenicola as subsp. pansa, the North American species seems clearly closer to C. praegracilis. Carex arenicola, though occupying a similar habitat, differs in its usually more elongate, ellipsoid inflorescences, mostly bisexual spikes, pale and dull brown pistillate scales with an inconspicuous hyaline margins, usually larger perigynia (ca. 3.7–5.2 mm) that somewhat exceed the scales, anthers with very short apiculus (<0.1 mm), and paler brown, bladeless basal sheaths and rhizomes scales."
4846	2020-04-01 09:51:27		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126055	Carex pauciflora		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex pauciflora is sometimes confused with C. microglochin, though C. pauciflora is easily distinguished by the lack of an evident rachilla. Compared to C. microglochin, the shoots of C. pauciflora tend to be more definitely tufted, the culms are more sharply 3-angled and roughened distally, and the achenes fill less of the perigynia. Carex pauciflora has a catapult dispersal mechanism (E. E. Hutton 1976) in contrast to the putative clinging mechanism of C. microglochin and presumably C. camptoglochin V. I. Kreczetowicz and C. parva Nees (see comments under the previous species). Dispersal by animals is possible for C. pauciflora as well. People walking through bogs may find perigynia attached to their clothing (L. Brouillet, pers. comm.)."
4847	2009-11-25 08:19:00	Fred Weinmann, Peter F. Zika	Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126056	Carex paysonis		species		Y	Y	N	N	N	N				{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	C. podocarpa R. Br. is misapplied in WA. KZ sites one record from Mt. Rainier from Jones (1960) . Biek (2000) says the record is C. paysonis. <br><br>SPNW states that this species is reported in error from WA, and FNA23 does not include WA within the range of this species.  For these reasons, C. paysonis is considered excluded from WA until a specimen WA is collected or located.
4848	2023-11-07 14:05:35		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126064	Carex pellita		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	C. lanuginosa Michx is misapplied in WA.<br><br>FNA23: "Carex pellita is abundant and variable in much of its range and a common plant of roadside ditches and other early successional or disturbed habitats. It is sometimes subsumed under C. lasiocarpa, as var. latifolia (Boeckeler) Gilly, but it is distinct in the field and has a quite different biology and distribution. However, slender and depauperate individuals can be difficult to distinguish in the herbarium.<br><br>The name Carex lanuginosa has been used for this species in many floras, but the type of this name is C. lasiocarpa.<br><br>Carex pellita hybridizes occasionally with C. hyalinolepis (= C. ×subimpressa) and rarely with C. lacustris, C. trichocarpa (= C. ×caesariensis, A. A. Reznicek and P. M. Catling 1985), and C. utriculata."
4849	2020-10-30 06:47:03		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126067	Carex pendula		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	I	Introduced from Europe	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	<br><br>FNA23: "Carex pendula is a handsome, robust clump-forming species with glaucous foliage; it is sometimes cultivated, especially in water gardens. It has a propensity to self-sow and is beginning to appear outside of cultivation on roadsides and stream banks. Its potential as an invasive species is unknown."
4850	2023-11-07 14:11:42		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126077	Carex petasata		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Much too broad a range has been ascribed previously to this taxon. Reports from the Rocky Mountains are based mostly on misidentifications of Carex petasata and C. tahoensis, both of which differ in having reddish brown pistillate scales and larger perigynia that are distinctly veined adaxially."
4851	2023-11-07 14:16:45		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126089	Carex phaeocephala		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Reports of Carex phaeocephala from northern Canada are based on other species, mostly C. tahoensis."
4852	2023-11-07 14:33:17		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126102	Carex pluriflora		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "The name Carex stygia has been incorrectly applied to specimens of C. pluriflora. T. V. Egorova (1999) treated C. pluriflora as a subspecies of C. rariflora."
4853	2004-10-19 00:00:00	Fred Weinmann, Peter F. Zika	Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126106	Carex podocarpa		species		Y	Y	N	N	N	N					Misapplied in WA. See note under C. paysonis
4854	2023-11-07 14:37:51		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126113	Carex praeceptorum		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4855	2023-11-07 14:44:19		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126115	Carex praegracilis		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex praegracilis is extensively and recently spreading east of its native range, especially along expressways to which road salt is applied in winter (A. A. Reznicek and P. M. Catling 1987)."
4856	2023-11-07 14:49:25		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126122	Carex praticola		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	KZ treats C. piperi as a separate species.
4857	2009-11-25 08:50:00	Fred Weinmann, Peter F. Zika	Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126124	Carex preslii		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native		{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	H&C treats C. preslii as a synonym of C. pachystachya.<br><br>FNA23: "Carex preslii has been synonymized with C. pachystachya (A. Cronquist 1969; C. L. Hitchcock and A. Cronquist 1973; A. Cronquist et al. 1972+)."
4858	2023-11-07 14:54:56		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126126	Carex proposita		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4859	2004-10-19 00:00:00	Fred Weinmann, Peter F. Zika	Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126151	Carex rariflora		species		Y	Y	N	N	N	N					Misapplied in WA. See C. pluriflora.
4860	2020-04-01 09:44:05		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126155	Carex raynoldsii		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4861	2023-11-07 15:02:03		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126166	Carex retrorsa		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Very rarely, specimens appear to be intermediate between Carex retrorsa and C. lupulina or C. lupuliformis; they are likely hybrids."
4862	2004-10-19 00:00:00	Fred Weinmann, Peter F. Zika	Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126168	Carex richardsonii		species		Y	Y	N	N	N	N					Misapplied in WA
4863	2023-11-07 15:08:40		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126182	Carex rossii		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4864	2025-03-07 13:48:18		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126183	Carex rostrata		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	This taxon keys to C. rostrata in H&C. <br><br>FNA23: "Carex utriculata is abundant and variable and is often a dominant of wetlands in subarctic, boreal, and north-temperate wetlands. American authors usually treat the taxon as part of the variation of Carex rostrata, but it is a very different plant with a quite different leaf shape in cross section and very different leaf anatomy. Plants from the western and northern portions of the range often have perigynia strongly tinged with purple, though that coloration can also occur rarely elsewhere.<br><br>Rarely, Carex utriculata forms hybrids with C. exsiccata, C. hystericina, C. lacustris, C. pellita, C. rostrata, C. rotundata, C. saxatilis, and C. vesicaria. The hybrids are sterile and intemediate in morphology."
4865	2023-11-08 16:00:50		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126216	Carex saxatilis		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex saxatilis is highly variable in North America. Plants from western North America, often named C. physocarpa, tend to be robust with long peduncles on the pistillate spikes, wide leaves, and large perigynia. These characters decrease in size eastward across North America with successively smaller plants usually referred to as C. saxatilis and C. miliaris. This weak east/west cline is confounded by large amounts of variation within small geographic areas and phenotypic plasticity. B. A. Ford et al. (1991) and B. A. Ford and P. W. Ball (1992) have demonstrated that these segregates represent elements in a continuum rather than discrete taxa.<br><br>Hybrids between Carex saxatilis and C. vesicaria (= C. ×stenolepis Lessing; = C. ×mainensis Porter ex Britton) and C. saxatilis and C. utriculata (= C. ×physocarpoides Lepage) have been found in North America (B. A. Ford et al. 1993). These hybrids are infrequent, largely sterile, and intermediate in morphology between the two parents."
4866	2023-11-08 16:09:09		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126239	Carex scirpoidea		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4867	2023-11-08 16:14:49		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126243	Carex scirpoidea ssp. pseudoscirpoidea		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4868	2023-11-08 16:19:32		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126247	Carex scirpoidea ssp. scirpoidea		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Subspecies of Carex scirpoidea grow in a variety of habitats in northern North America. Taxa previously recognized as varieties or separate species are treated here as subspecies of C. scirpoidea. Within the C. scirpoidea complex, all subspecies have the same chromosome number, possess similar achene micromorphology and leaf anatomy, interbreed in greenhouse experiments, and have morphologic characteristics that mostly fall within the normal range for C. scirpoidea.<br><br>Carex scirpoidea subsp. scirpoidea is the widest ranging of the subspecies and includes taxa formerly recognized by other caricologists. G. Kükenthal (1909) recognized C. scirpoidea var. europaea from a single locality in Norway. These plants are short in stature, like plants of C. scirpoidea subsp. scirpoidea from alpine habitats, and values for most morphologic characters fall within the normal range for subsp. scirpoidea. Another taxon, C. scirpiformis, was recognized by K. K. Mackenzie (1908) and treated at the varietal rank by H. O\'Neill and M. Duman (1941) based on wide, hyaline pistillate scale margins and light-colored pubescence. Width of the hyaline portion of the scale margins and the color of pubescence are extremely variable characters in the group. F. J. Hermann (1957) recognized C. athabascensis as a separate species based on the overall robust habit and small, ovoid achenes. Achenes from the type specimens fall at the wide end of the range of variation of achene width in C. scirpoidea.<br><br>Carex scirpoidea subsp. scirpoidea is recognized by the lack of persistent leaf bases on the flowering shoots, ovate perigynia that are tightly enveloped by the perigynia on all sides, and leaves widely V-shaped in transverse section."
4869	2023-11-08 16:23:03		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126252	Carex scirpoidea ssp. stenochlaena		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Subspecies of Carex scirpoidea grow in a variety of habitats in northern North America. Taxa previously recognized as varieties or separate species are treated here as subspecies of C. scirpoidea. Within the C. scirpoidea complex, all subspecies have the same chromosome number, possess similar achene micromorphology and leaf anatomy, interbreed in greenhouse experiments, and have morphologic characteristics that mostly fall within the normal range for C. scirpoidea.<br><br>Carex scirpoidea subsp. stenochlaena is distinguished by lanceolate perigynia that are longer than 3 mm, tapering gradually to a beak, and over 2.5 times as long as wide. The pistillate spikes are clavate, loosely flowered at the base and borne on slender, lax culms (the spikes droop). The pistillate scales are longer than 3 mm and subtend hirsute perigynia.<br><br>Specimens of Carex scirpoidea subsp. stenochlaena from the Bitterroot Range in Ravalli County, Montana, best characterize the subspecies. Some specimens from Washington and northern British Columbia exhibit tendencies towards C. scirpoidea subsp. scirpoidea, in which perigynia are just 2.5 times as long as wide and spikes are less clavate, more loosely flowered.<br><br>Carex scirpoidea subsp. stenochlaena from British Columbia and Yukon have a tendency to intergrade with subsp. scirpoidea."
4870	2023-11-08 16:30:13		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126255	Carex scoparia		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex scoparia is variable and may, in fact, be a complex of at least 2 species. Given current understanding, 2 varieties are recognized.<br><br>Some populations of Carex scoparia from the central and southern Appalachian Mountains have unusually long beaks (greater than 3.7 mm). When long beaks occur in more robust plants with large spikes and spreading perigynia, the plants look remarkably different from typical lowland or western populations.<br><br>Carex scoparia var. scoparia grows syntopically with other species from sect. Ovales and may form sterile hybrids. P. E. Rothrock et al. (1997) documented putative hybrids between C. scoparia and C. alata, C. hormathodes, C. straminea, and C. suberecta."
4871	2023-11-08 16:37:03		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126260	Carex scopulorum		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4872	2023-11-08 16:46:08		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126265	Carex scopulorum var. bracteosa		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex scopulorum is the common species of sect. Phacocystis in subalpine, seasonally wet meadows in the western mountains. It is replaced on the western slope of the Cascade range by C. spectabilis, a member of sect. Scitae. Where sympatric with C. aquatilis, C. scopulorum occurs in drier portions of the habitat.<br><br>Carex scopulorum is frequently confused with members of sect. Racemosae because of the similarity in habitat, size, inflorescence dimensions, and perigynium shape; it is distinguished by the two stigmas and flattened achenes. Carex scopulorum is probably most closely related to C. bigelowii, based on the similarity in vegetative morphology, hypostomic leaves, perigynia characteristics (absence of veins), and chromosome numbers.<br><br>A common sedge of the central Rocky Mountains, Carex scopulorum var. bracteosa is distinguished from var. scopulorum by the scabrous stems and sheaths and by the narrower, more ellipsoid perigynia. It is usually distinguishable from var. prionophylla by the absence of bladeless, ladder-fibrillose sheaths; the two taxa may be difficult to identify in areas where both occur."
4873	2023-11-08 16:50:47		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126270	Carex scopulorum var. prionophyllum		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex scopulorum var. prionophylla usually occurs at somewhat lower elevations than var. bracteosa. Where the two are sympatric, they can be distinguished by the bladeless, ladder-fibrillose basal sheaths and the narrower ellipsoid perigynia of var. prionophylla."
4874	2023-11-08 16:55:24		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126283	Carex sheldonii		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southeastern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	Recently (2015) collected in WA.
4875	2023-11-08 17:01:19		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126288	Carex siccata		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	Taxonomy and nomenclature follows SPNW.<br><br>SPNW: "Carex siccata can be a community dominant in the herbaceous layer of open conifer forest.  Where common, it can furnish good forage for cattle and horses, but it is rare in the PNW.  It reduces erosion, especially in sandy soils, and has been used in the habitat restoration projects outside the PNW, sometimes on old mine sites.  This species has been involved in a three-way confusion of names involving C. foenea and C. aenea.  Carex siccata is the only one of the three actually known to grow in the PNW."<br><br>FNA23: "Though most frequently smooth adaxially and more or less distinctly veined, the perigynia of Carex siccata are quite variable in venation and surface texture. Throughout the range of the species, plants with perigynia veinless or, essentially so, occur occasionally. Those plants have been designated as C. foenea var. enervis Evans & Mohlenbrock. Less commonly, the perigynia are tuberculate adaxially. Such plants have been designated as C. foenea var. tuberculata F. J. Hermann and specimens have been seen from Washington, Colorado, Arizona, and Wisconsin, and reported from Alberta and New Mexico. They probably occur sporadically throughout the range. Rarely, plants are both veinless and tuberculate.<br><br>Carex siccata is a very common species of open pinelands in portions of its western range; it becomes very local in much of the easternmost portions of its range.<br><br>The name Carex foenea has, unfortunately, commonly been misapplied to the species in some recent literature."
4876	2023-11-08 17:05:10		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126290	Carex simulata		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central and southern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4877	2023-11-08 17:09:46		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126297	Carex spectabilis		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4878	2023-11-08 17:13:41		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126320	Carex stenoptila		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in north-central Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	Recently (2013) collected for the first time in WA in Okanogan County.  Previously only known from Rocky Mountains.
4879	2023-11-08 17:21:50		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126333	Carex stipata		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4880	2023-11-08 17:26:36		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126338	Carex stipata var. stipata		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4881	2023-11-08 17:35:33		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126342	Carex straminiformis		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring in the Cascades of southern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4882	2023-11-08 19:23:23		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126360	Carex stylosa		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4883	2023-11-08 19:27:05		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126362	Carex subbracteata		species		Y	N	N	Y	N	N	I	Introduced from southern Oregon	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23 lists this as endemic to California. Several collections in WA from San Juan County by Peter Zika, and found in British Columbia by Frank Lomer.  These records represent introductions and not disjunct native populations. <br><br>Carex subbracteata is very similar to and perhaps conspecific with C. gracilior (R. Whitkus 1988).
4884	2023-11-08 19:32:22		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126367	Carex subfusca		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"Not at WTU; WS?"}	Both SPNW and FNA23 show this species occurring in WA.
4885	2023-11-09 09:38:04		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126392	Carex sychnocephala		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Because Carex sychnocephala often lacks conspicuous rhizomes and has a small diffuse root system, it may appear to be annual. In some situations, it may actually grow as an annual."
4886	2023-11-09 11:09:09		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126393	Carex sylvatica		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	I	Introduced from Europe	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4887	2020-04-02 09:34:11		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126395	Carex tahoensis		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex tahoensis resembles C. phaeocephala somewhat, but often occurs at lower elevations, has longer achenes, and more coriaceous perigynia that are clearly veined adaxially.<br><br>Carex tahoensis was orginally described as a California endemic, but is much more widespread. The precise distribution is as yet unclear because of confusion with C. phaeocephala and C. petasata. Many reports of C. xerantica from the Rocky Mountain region are based on this species."
4888	2023-11-09 11:20:13		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126397	Carex tenera		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "The name Carex straminea has been incorrectly applied at times to C. tenera var. tenera."
4889	2023-11-09 11:29:07		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126399	Carex tenuiflora		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4890	2023-11-09 11:35:39		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126437	Carex tribuloides		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	I	Introduced from central and eastern North America	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4891	2023-11-09 11:38:09		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126439	Carex tribuloides var. tribuloides		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	I	Introduced	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	Native to eastern and central North America; naturalized in King and Pierce counties; not reported for WA in FNA.
4892	2023-11-09 11:51:17		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126448	Carex tumulicola		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4893	2023-11-09 12:19:06		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126459	Carex unilateralis		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex unilateralis intergrades with C. athrostachya."
4894	2023-11-09 12:24:02		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126465	Carex utriculata		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	This taxon keys to C. rostrata in H&C. <br><br>FNA23: "Carex utriculata is abundant and variable and is often a dominant of wetlands in subarctic, boreal, and north-temperate wetlands. American authors usually treat the taxon as part of the variation of Carex rostrata, but it is a very different plant with a quite different leaf shape in cross section and very different leaf anatomy. Plants from the western and northern portions of the range often have perigynia strongly tinged with purple, though that coloration can also occur rarely elsewhere.<br><br>Rarely, Carex utriculata forms hybrids with C. exsiccata, C. hystericina, C. lacustris, C. pellita, C. rostrata, C. rotundata, C. saxatilis, and C. vesicaria. The hybrids are sterile and intemediate in morphology."
4895	2023-11-09 21:33:23		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126472	Carex vallicola		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	Discovered in after publication of H&C
4896	2024-05-18 08:45:41		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126481	Carex vernacula		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring in the Cascade Mountains in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex vernacula is very similar to and often united with the European C. foetida Allioni, which has serrulate-margined perigynium beak and proportionately longer leaves. The numerous distinctions drawn between these two by K. K. Mackenzie (1931–1935, parts 2–3, pp. 29–30) have not proved consistent with examination of more material."
4897	2023-11-10 08:17:54		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126488	Carex vesicaria	Carex exsiccata	species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex vesicaria hybridizes with C. saxatilis and, very rarely, with C. hystericina and C. utriculata.<br><br>Carex vesicaria as here treated broadly as a variable circumpolar species. K. K. Mackenzie (1931–1935) recognized a small segregate, Carex raeana Boott, but specimens referred here are either depauperate C. vesicaria or hybrids. T. V. Egorova (1999) recognized C. vesicaria as a Eurasian and North American species but also recognized a primarily North American C. monile, occuring locally in Asia as well. The two species were differentiated by characteristics of perigynium length and width, pistillate spike size, and beak and beak teeth size and proportions. The North American material is so variable in perigynium size and shape and inflorescence size that recognizing the two entities seems difficult. Further study of variation in North American material and the relationships of North American and Eurasian material are needed. Indeed, the complex is in need of detailed systematic study on a worldwide scale."
4898	2023-11-10 16:51:33		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126500	Carex viridula		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4899	2023-11-10 16:54:58		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126518	Carex viridula ssp. viridula		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex viridula subsp. viridula includes numerous variants, some of which have been treated as distinct species, such as C. serotina and C. scandinavica. The variation patterns are continuous across all of the segregates. Because of its ecologic amplitude, the taxon may occur with other members of the section, and in areas of sympatry hybrids often are formed. Hybrids between C. viridula and other species in the section are sterile hybrids among the subspecies of C. viridula are partially fertile (B. Schmid 1982)."
4900	2023-11-10 08:22:23		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126536	Carex vulpinoidea		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Carex vulpinoidea is widely distributed in North America and frequently grows as a weed in wet roadside ditches and fields. It is quite variable, particularly in the degree to which the spongy tissue lateral to the achene is developed. The development of that tissue determines the shape of the perigynium and the degree to which the perigynium appears to contract into the achene, as discussed by F. M. B. Boott (1858–1867). The flowering stems shorter than the leaves, the pale brown, elliptic perigynia, and the preference for moist substrates of C. vulpinoidea readily distinguish it from C. annectens."
4901	2009-12-01 08:56:00	Fred Weinmann, Peter F. Zika	Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126565	Carex xerantica		species		Y	Y	N	N	N	N				{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	SPNW: Reported in error from OR and WA.  Until proven otherwise, this species is considered excluded from WA.
4902	2023-11-09 12:28:18		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126570	Carex zikae		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4903	2009-11-19 08:34:00	Fred Weinmann, Peter F. Zika	Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126591	Cyperaceae		family		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			Originally based on draft treatment by Peter Zika, March 2000; next updated 2004 based on Flora of North America, Volume 23; most recent update in 2009 based on "Field Guide to the Sedges of the Pacific Northwest" (SPNW) [2008].
4904	2018-05-02 22:04:00		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126594	Cyperus		genus		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			
4905	2023-11-11 08:29:13		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126599	Cyperus acuminatus		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WS"}	
4906	2023-11-14 10:58:41		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126634	Cyperus bipartitus		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4907	2023-11-14 11:16:22		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126670	Cyperus diandrus		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	I	Introduced from eastern and central North America	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4908	2020-09-18 18:37:30		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126701	Cyperus eragrostis		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	I	Introduced from South America	Occurring west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA8: "The distributions of Cyperus eragrostis in British Columbia, Alabama, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Texas represent introduced populations."
4909	2020-09-18 18:43:42		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126704	Cyperus erythrorhizos		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4910	2022-01-20 17:19:00		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126709	Cyperus esculentus		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4911	2023-11-14 11:41:04		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126716	Cyperus esculentus var. leptostachyus		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Cyperus esculentus var. leptostachyus is the most common of the varieties nearly throughout the range of the species in North America.<br><br>Cyperus esculentus is a widespread and polymorphic species. Although seven varieties have been recognized (G. Kükenthal (1935–1936), recent studies based primarily on spikelet features provided support for four varieties (P. Schippers et al. 1995). Cyperus esculentus var. esculentus is restricted to the Old World."
4912	2023-11-14 11:48:52		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126768	Cyperus fuscus		species		Y	N	N	Y	N	N	I	Introduced from Eurasia	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4913	2023-11-14 17:21:38		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126837	Cyperus lupulinus		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southeastern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4914	2018-08-15 09:36:00		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	163989	Cyperus lupulinus × Cyperus schweinitzii		species	Unnamed	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			
4915	2023-11-14 17:24:25		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126840	Cyperus lupulinus ssp. lupulinus		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southeastern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4916	2021-02-25 09:04:26		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126905	Cyperus odoratus		species		Y	Y	N	N	N	N	I	Introduced		{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	Known in WA from a single collection in a man-made wetland.  This species is not considered established in the flora here.
4917	2023-11-14 17:28:23		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127023	Cyperus schweinitzii		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	B	Native east Cascades, introduced in Seattle, WA	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23 states that: "Cyperus schweinitzii is introduced, but not naturalized, in Massachusetts and Washington."  This statement is incorrect as it relates to Washington. Publication of that volume in the FNA series predated digitization of specimens in the Pacific Northwest.
4918	2020-09-12 15:21:42		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127053	Cyperus squarrosus		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA8: "Cyperus squarrosus can be recognized by its small size and annual habit combined with its oblong-lanceolate floral scales bearing five to eleven conspicuous ribs and excurved awns. Some collections have been misidentified as C. acuminatus, an annual species of subg. Pycnostachys that has ovate-lanceolate, three-ribbed floral scales and digitately clustered spikelets."
4919	2023-11-15 06:17:34		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127059	Cyperus strigosus		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest and along the Columbia River in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Cyperus strigosus is usually among the more common Cyperus species throughout its range. Small individuals flowering the first year may be difficult to distinguish from C. polystachyos, C. odoratus, C. erythrorhizos, and C. esculentus, which may be sympatric. Cyperus strigosus has trigonous achenes and three stigmas, unlike C. polystachyos; C. strigosus has flattened spikelets, unlike the subcylindric ones of C. odoratus; C. strigosus has floral scales usually 3 mm or more, unlike the smaller (1.2–1.5 mm) ones of C. erythrorhizos; C. strigosus has deciduous floral scales and a cormlike stem base with stolons, unlike C. esculentus.<br><br>Cyperus strigosus appears to be closely related to the neotropical C. camphoratus Liebmann; both species have deciduous floral scales and deciduous spikelets (G. C. Tucker 1994). Plants segregated as C. stenolepis cannot be distinguished consistently from C. strigosus on any single charcter, rather they appear to be merely large individuals of C. strigosus with long floral scales and frequently septate inflorescence bracts (M. L. Horvat 1941)."
4920	2018-05-02 22:04:00		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127099	Dulichium		genus		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			
4921	2023-11-15 15:09:35		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127101	Dulichium arundinaceum		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4922	2018-05-02 22:04:00		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127106	Eleocharis		genus		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			
4923	2023-11-18 11:44:18		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127110	Eleocharis acicularis		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA8: "Eleocharis acicularis is abundant and ecologically important throughout much of its range. It occurs in a wide variety of habitats, including acid waters. I have not seen voucher specimens for reports from Alabama and Florida. I have not seen vouchers for the reported chromosome numbers of 2n = 30–38 or 50–58.<br><br>Eleocharis acicularis often forms large rooted mats or floating masses, which when submerged, are often non-flowering. Submerged, usually nonflowering plants are abundant throughout much of the range of the species (H. K. Svenson 1929; P. E. Rothrock and R. H. Wagner 1975). They have been called E. acicularis forma fluitans (Doellinger) Svenson; E. acicularis forma inundata Svenson; E. acicularis forma longicaulis (Desmazières) Hegi; E. acicularis forma submersa (Nilsson) Norman; and E. acicularis var. submersa (Nilsson) Svenson. The culms of the submerged plants are terete, smooth, soft to flaccid, translucent, and the partitions of the air cavities within are clearly visible. Submerged plants may closely resemble aquatic forms of some other species, especially Eleocharis parvula, E. robbinsii, and Schoenoplectus subterminalis (Torrey) Sojak (N. C. Fassett 1957; E. G. Voss 1967, 1972–1996, vol. 3).<br><br>Although E. acicularis is very variable, recognition of varieties is premature pending a worldwide taxonomic revision of subg. Scirpidium. Much of the variation is apparently due to phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental factors, especially water depth (P. E. Rothrock and R. H. Wagner 1975). The named varieties intergrade extensively, and achenes, which are important in defining the varieties, are often absent. H. K. Svenson (1929) recognized four varieties and two forms for North America, but later (1957) did not recognize infraspecific taxa. "
4924	2025-10-01 15:13:14		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127124	Eleocharis atropurpurea		species		Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4925	2023-11-18 11:49:22		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127132	Eleocharis bella		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WS"}	FNA23: "Eleocharis bella and E. acicularis seem to be amply distinct; putative hybrids are unknown. The occasional plants of E. bella with evident rhizomes, which include the type, are otherwise identical to plants apparently without rhizomes. Eleocharis bella is very similar to E. cancellata. "
4926	2021-12-17 11:20:05		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127140	Eleocharis bolanderi		species		Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	Native		{"Herbarium":"WS"}	A May collection by C. Bjork near Goldendale existed at WS based on specimen records in the Consortium PNW Herbaria database (accessed 12/1/21).  However, a search of the collections for that specimen did not locate it.  In the absence of the specimen, and the unlikelihood that a May collection would have the diagnostic fruit characters, this species is considered excluded from the Washington flora. Not reported for WA by FNA.
4927	2023-11-18 11:40:28		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127147	Eleocharis coloradoensis		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	One specimen at WTU annotated by Galen Smith (1999) with the following note: "Most probably.  No flower in proximal scale.  No achene or tubers."<br><br>FNA23: "Most authors, except C. L. Gilly (1941), H. L. Mason (1957), and R. R. Yeo (1980), have included Eleocharis coloradoensis in E. parvula or E. parvula var. anachaeta. In typical E. coloradoensis, which occurs from Saskatchewan south to Kansas and in California to 2100 m elevation, the achenes are usually distinctly rugulose or rough, often pitted-cellular, their apices usually truncate, and the tubercles are usually brown, often rudimentary, clearly distinct from the achene, and apparently partly sunken into the achene summit. Some plants from the southern Great Plains to the Mexican border, including the type of E. parvula var. anachaeta from Louisiana, may deserve taxonomic recognition. They differ from typical E. coloradoensis in having nearly smooth achenes with the apex tapered to a tubercle that is difficult to distinguish from the achene. C. L. Gilly (1941) separated these plants as E. membranacea (Buckley) Gilly; application of that name is doubtful because achenes are lacking from the type. R. R. Yeo (1980) studied the life-history of E. coloradoensis in the Sacramento Valley, California, and showed that it can be used to control several aquatic weeds in irrigation canals. The n = 4 count reported from Kansas under E. parvula var. anachaeta (Anonymous 1964) and on voucher specimens at GH and UC, is probably erroneous; the label on a duplicate voucher specimen at NDA includes the information "n = 3 II\'s + a chain of IV" (i.e., n = 5). The record from Washington is somewhat doubtful because the specimen lacks achenes. Literature reports of E. parvula from Illinois and Tennessee may refer to E. coloradoensis; I have not seen specimens."
4928	2009-11-09 17:19:00	Fred Weinmann, Peter F. Zika	Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127172	Eleocharis elliptica		species		Y	Y	N	N	N	N				{"Herbarium":"Not at WTU; WS?"}	KZ refers to H&C for WA record (under the synonym E. tenuis) but H&C provide no documentation for WA distribution; this taxon should not be considered part of WA flora without further research
4929	2023-11-18 11:52:36		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127178	Eleocharis engelmannii		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4930	2023-11-18 11:58:55		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127193	Eleocharis erythropoda		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4931	2018-08-15 09:36:00		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127217	Eleocharis geniculata		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			
4932	2023-11-18 12:10:58		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127231	Eleocharis macrostachya		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Eleocharis macrostachya probably occurs in Saskatchewan; I have not seen specimens. It is extremely variable. Cytotaxonomic studies (S.-O. Strandhede 1967; L. J. Harms 1968) and morphology suggest that it is a diploid-polyploid complex at least partly of hybrid origin from E. palustris and both E. erythropoda and E. uniglumis. The 2n = 38 plants of E. macrostachya may comprise the American counterpart of the European E. palustris subsp. vulgaris, which presumably originated from E. palustris subsp. palustris and E. uniglumis (S.-O. Strandhede 1966). Although recognition of infraspecific taxa is premature, the following three intergrading variants are notable:<br><br>Variant b is very variable in comparison with variant a. It differs from variant a in having culms terete or slightly compressed; distal leaf-sheath apices often obtuse, tooth rarely present, to 0.1 mm; spikelets broadly lanceoloid to ovoid; floral scales 3.5–4(–4.5) × 1.7–2+ mm; achenes 1.3–1.5 mm, rarely to 1.8 mm; culm stomates 60–72 Âµm; chromosome numbers (for which I have seen vouchers, all from Kansas and South Dakota), 2n = ca. 38. It is wide-ranging, known from inland localities at 20–2300 m from Manitoba west to Yukon and British Columbia, south to Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California, and in Mexico from Baja California. Intermediates between variant b and both Eleocharis erythropoda and E. uniglumis are widespread, and intermediates with E. ambigens occur in Louisiana. Most plants of variant b have floral scales to 4 mm and achenes to 1.5 mm; plants with scales to 4–5 mm and achenes sometimes more than 1.6 mm occur in California, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington.<br><br>Variant c differs from variant b in having spikelet scales mostly uniformly dark chestnut-brown, not carinate, (3.5–)4–5.5 × 2–2.5 mm. Its achenes are often unusually large, 1.3–1.8(–2) × 1.1–1.5 mm. It is known from near sea level on the coasts of British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec (James Bay and Magdalen Islands); Alaska, California, Oregon, and Washington. Some plants are intermediate between variant c and variant b. Several specimens I have seen from far eastern Russia are very similar to American plants of Eleocharis macrostachya, variant c. Except for having incompletely amplexicaulous proximal scales, and subproximal scales often without a flower, variant c closely resembles many Eurasian specimens of E. uniglumis."
4933	2023-11-18 12:17:26		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127234	Eleocharis mamillata		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in western Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4934	2023-11-18 12:20:25		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127237	Eleocharis mamillata ssp. mamillata		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in western Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Eleocharis mamillata has been confused in North America with E. macrostachya and E. palustris. In addition to the perianth bristle and achene differences as given in the key, E. mamillata differs from E. palustris in culm stomate shape and distance between epidermal collenchyma strands (S. M. Walters 1953b; S.-O. Strandhede and R. Dahlgren 1968). Eleocharis mamillata subsp. mamillata, with the tubercle mamillate, usually shorter than wide, and subsp. austriaca (Hayek) Strandhede, with the tubercle conic, longer than wide, are recognized in Europe; in North America only E. mamillata subsp. mamillata is thus far known. The stamen filaments usually remain attached to the shed achenes, and together with the bristles they keep the achenes in ball-like aggregates that drift with winds and water currents (S.-O. Strandhede 1966)."
4935	2023-11-18 12:27:26		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127282	Eleocharis obtusa		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Extremely uncommon plants of Eleocharis obtusa without perianth bristles may be called E. obtusa var. peasei (type from New Hampshire). Robust plants with distinct caudices, floral scales 2.5 mm, and achenes 1.2–1.3 mm (Eleocharis obtusa var. gigantea Fernald) are rare (specimens seen from the Washington-British Columbia border [type], Arkansas, and the Hawaiian Islands). Dwarf plants (E. obtusa var. jejuna Fernald, type from Maine), with unusually small achenes and floral scales, and tubercles often less than 0.5 mm wide, are occasional in the East and are easily confused with E. ovata and E. aestuum. A few specimens are intermediate with E. engelmannii. Eleocharis obtusa is sometimes treated as conspecific with E. ovata, which consistently differs in its mostly 2-fid styles, mostly two stamens, and especially its narrower tubercles (B. M. H. Larson and P. M. Catling 1996).<br><br>Eleocharis macounii Fernald has been treated as a synonym of E. obutsa (H. K. Svenson 1957) but is more probably a hybrid between E. intermedia and E. obtusa (P. M. Catling and S. G. Hay 1993; see 34. E. intermedia)."
4936	2023-11-18 12:30:43		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127301	Eleocharis ovata		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Although Eleocharis ovata has often been confused with E. obtusa, B. M. H. Larson and P. M. Catling (1996) showed that these species may be distinguished by non-overlapping widths of the tubercles, at least in Canada. The records of E. ovata in New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island are based on B. M. H. Larson and P. M. Catling (1996) and the records in Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Montana, New Jersey, Oregon, and Washington are based on D. M. Hines (1975). Eleocharis ovata probably also occurs in Manitoba and Saskatchewan."
4937	2021-05-03 14:03:36		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127309	Eleocharis palustris		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Eleocharis palustris is the most widespread and common species of the extremely difficult circumboreal "E. palustris complex," which in North America comprises E. palustris, E. mamillata, E. macrostachya, E. erythropoda, E. uniglumis, E. kamtschatica, and E. ambigens. Two or more of these species have been combined by recent authors. The complex has been studied extensively only in northern Europe (S.-O. Strandhede 1965, 1966), where E. palustris, E. mamillata, and E. uniglumis are recognized (S.-O. Strandhede 1966). European studies and preliminary studies in North America by S.-O. Strandhede (1967) and L. J. Harms (1968) indicate that unstable chromosome structure and number as well as interspecific hybridization contribute to the taxonomic complexity of the E. palustris complex.<br><br>Eleocharis palustris is extremely variable worldwide. Recognition of infraspecific taxa outside northwestern Europe is premature.....<br><br>At least 4 variants are notable in North America:<br><br>Variant d comprises most of the plants that cannot be placed in the preceding variants. Most of these plants closely resemble most specimens that I have seen from northern Eurasia and as described for Eleocharis palustris subsp. palustris by S.-O. Strandhede (1966). Variant d has distal leaf sheaths often splitting or disintegrating, the summit margins not reddish, and apices usually broadly obtuse. In North America variant d is mostly subarctic and boreal; it is known from Newfoundland and Labrador to Alaska, south to New York, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, New Mexico, and California. Some plants of variant d that have markedly narrow tubercles mostly much (to 2 times) higher than wide and narrow achenes only 0.9–1.1 mm wide may deserve taxonomic recognition; they are known from Manitoba west to British Columbia and Alaska, south to Colorado, Utah, and California. Specimens of variant d from scattered western localities from Alaska and Yukon south to California have floral scales 4–5 mm and achenes 1.6–1.9 mm and are very similar to variant c."
4938	2023-11-18 15:04:59		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127325	Eleocharis parvula	Eleocharis coloradoensis	species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Plants without well-developed bristles are otherwise typical Eleocharis parvula. S.-O. Strandhede and R. M. T. Dahlgren (1968) provided a detailed description from Scandinavia; the mostly curved tubers of North American plants are differently shaped than the ovoid, mostly nearly straight tubers illustrated by them. Eleocharis parvula is very uncommon inland. Plants lacking spikelets and having rather broad culms with evident aerenchyma (E. parvula forma spongiosa Fassett) that are submerged in tidal zones closely resemble small plants of Sagittaria graminea. Eleocharis parvula has also been reported from North Dakota, South America, and Africa; I have not seen specimens. Plants without achenes or tubers cannot be reliably identified to species. Literature reports from Cuba, Mexico, and Venezuela may be based on specimens of E. coloradoensis. "
4939	2023-11-18 15:08:43		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127339	Eleocharis quinqueflora		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "The chromosome numbers for Eleocharis quinqueflora reported for North America (2n = 80) are in doubt because vouchers and other information are lacking. The often-cited n = 10 is probably erroneous. S.-O. Strandhede and R. M. T. Dahlgren (1968) gave 2n = 132 and 134 from Scandinavia. Recognition of infraspecific taxa within E. quinqueflora is premature pending a worldwide revision of subg. Zinserlingia. It has been reported from North Dakota, although I have not seen specimens. About five varieties and subspecies of E. quinqueflora have been described worldwide.<br><br>Most specimens from eastern North America and some from the West can be placed in Eleocharis quinqueflora subsp. fernaldii (Svenson) Hultén, which is characterized by its small size (culms to 15 cm × 0.5 mm) and small bulbs. Specimens of E. quinqueflora from 2000–3600 m in California, which are atypical, especially in that the proximal scales of the spikelets do not subtend flowers, may deserve taxonomic recognition. Those plants are also small, with culms only to 15 cm × 0.5 mm; hard caudices are often present at the culm-tuft bases; small, narrowly ovoid bulbs are sometimes present; and perianth bristles are absent or rudimentary. Very few specimens of E. quinqueflora are intermediate with E. suksdorfiana."
4940	2023-11-18 15:12:54		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127360	Eleocharis rostellata		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Eleocharis rostellata is highly competitive, often forming large monospecific colonies. The South American E. platypus C. B. Clarke is often treated as a synonym of E. rostellata. Eleocharis rostellata superfically closely resembles E. suksdorfiana in its culms, spikelets, and achenes, but differs in the absence of creeping rhizomes, presence of stoloniferous culms, absence of a flower in the proximal scale, and achene surface details. The collection of E. rostellata I have seen from Miami-Dade County, Florida, is from 1877. I have not seen vouchers for Archuleta County, Colorado, by H. D. Harrington (1954), or for the localities in Montana and South Carolina, which are based on the map in H. K. Svenson (1934)."
4941	2023-11-18 15:23:40		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127373	Eleocharis suksdorfiana		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Although Eleocharis suksdorfiana is usually included in E. quinqueflora, it clearly differs qualitatively as given in the key. A collection from hot springs in Ruby Valley, Elko County, Nevada, has stout perianth bristles less than half of the achene length and may represent an undescribed taxon related to E. suksdorfiana. Eleocharis suksdorfiana closely resembles E. rostellata in its achenes, tubercles, culms, and caudices; it differs in the presence of long horizontal rhizomes and the absence of stoloniferous culms. The achenes of E. suksdorfiana are often finely longitudinally ridged, but in E. rostellata they are often rugulose. Specimens from Coconino and Santa Cruz counties, Arizona, are probably E. suksdorfiana but lack achenes so cannot be identified with certainty."
4942	2023-11-18 15:28:59		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127395	Eleocharis uniglumis		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where known only from a historic collection (1935);	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4943	2018-05-02 22:04:00		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127404	Eriophorum		genus		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			
4944	2023-11-18 17:28:36		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127405	Eriophorum angustifolium		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4945	2009-11-12 08:45:00	Fred Weinmann, Peter F. Zika	Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127406	Eriophorum angustifolium ssp. angustifolium		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native		{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4946	2020-07-25 21:04:38		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127431	Eriophorum chamissonis		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring west of the Cascades crest and in the northeastern corner of Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "The <i>Eriophorum chamissonis</i> complex contains taxa based mainly on stem size and bristle color (M. Raymond 1954). Much of the variation appears to be continuous with abundant intermediates; experimental studies are needed to determine the biological basis of the variation."
4947	2023-11-19 08:35:51		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127444	Eriophorum gracile		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4948	2023-11-19 08:40:50		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127475	Eriophorum virginicum		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	I	Introduced from eastern North America	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4949	2023-11-19 09:06:36		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127477	Eriophorum viridicarinatum		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4950	2018-05-02 22:04:00		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127633	Isolepis		genus		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			
4951	2023-09-23 20:18:17		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127638	Isolepis cernua		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in and near coastal marine waters;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Isolepis cernua is widespread and variable. Four varieties were recognized by A. M. Muasya and D. M. Simpson (2002). Only var. ceruna is known from North America. The earliest collection I have seen from the Pacific Coast is from 1888; the earliest collection I have seen from Texas is from 1974."
4952	2023-09-23 20:21:23		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127652	Isolepis setacea		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	I	Introduced from Eurasia and Africa	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	Not in H&C; Native to Eurasia.<br><br>FNA23: "solepis setacea belongs to a distinct group of species characterized by ridged achenes (A. M. Muasya et al. 2001). Isolepis setacea was collected in 1874 on waste at Camden, New Jersey, and in the 1880s at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; it has not persisted in the East. It has been known from the Pacific Coast since at least 1921. It is reported as native to Eurasia and Africa. It is cultivated as an ornamental."
4953	2018-05-02 22:04:00		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127657	Kobresia		genus		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			
4954	2023-11-19 15:51:54		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127662	Kobresia myosuroides		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WWB"}	
4955	2018-05-02 22:04:00		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127708	Lipocarpha		genus		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			
4956	2023-11-15 15:13:10		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127712	Lipocarpha aristulata		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central and south-central Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4957	2023-11-15 15:23:18		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127726	Lipocarpha micrantha		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest and along the lower Columbia River in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4958	2023-11-16 08:07:07		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127733	Lipocarpha occidentalis		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in south-central Washington, where disjunct;	{"Herbarium":"Not at WTU; WS?"}	
4959	2018-05-02 22:04:00		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127774	Rhynchospora		genus		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			
4960	2023-11-19 15:53:42		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127779	Rhynchospora alba		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native		{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "The smooth-bristled Rhynchospora alba forma laeviseta Gale mostly occurs with the typical antrorsely barbellate type in Pennsylvania, the Great Lakes, British Columbia, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia."
4961	2018-05-02 22:04:00		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	128093	Schoenoplectus		genus		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			
4962	2022-03-15 12:49:40		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	128094	Schoenoplectus acutus		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4963	2022-03-15 12:21:43		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	128106	Schoenoplectus americanus		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "The secondary involucral bracts of Schoenoplectus americanus lack blades and closely resemble floral scales, in contrast to S. pungens and S. deltarum. Although mostly very locally distributed, S. americanus is ecologically important in many coastal marshes. In recent years it has seriously declined (e.g., in Maryland and Louisiana). It may occur in southwestern Kansas; I have not seen a specimen. It probably has been extirpated from the Missouri station, based on one collection from 1886 (G. Yatskievych, pers. comm.). The report from New Hampshire is based on M. L. Fernald (1950). The stations on the Maine and Connecticut coasts, at Lake Champlain in Vermont, and in Oklahoma are based on putative S. americanus × S. pungens specimens. Some plants in the southwest are atypical in having nearly flat culm sides and leaf blades to 1.5 times as long as their sheaths as in the type of Scirpus monophyllus J. Presl & C. Presl from Peru. The name Scirpes americanus was long misapplied to Schoenoplectus pungens; Schoenoplectus americanus was known as Scirpus olneyi (A. E. Schuyler 1974)."
4964	2022-03-15 18:02:46		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	128137	Schoenoplectus heterochaetus		species		Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"Not at WTU; WS?"}	Not reported for WA by FNA. See Madrono 40(3) :179 article. Possibly all early H&C reports of this species in WA are incorrect identifications. C. Bjork reports recent collections from Pend Oreille R. Voucher at WS.<br><br>FNA23: "Schoenoplectus heterochaetus hybridizes with S. acutus and S. tabernaemontani (see comment under 1. S. tabernaemontani).<br><br>The Michigan record is dubious, the Oregon record is from 1895, and reports from Washington are apparently based on misidentified specimens. Some specimens from scattered localities in Eurasia may be Schoenoplectus heterochaetus."  The one specimen of this species from WA held at HPSU is S. microcarpus (confirmed by John Christy, 2022).
4965	2022-03-15 13:35:33		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	128145	Schoenoplectus kuekenthalianus		species	named	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southwestern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
4966	2022-03-15 13:56:14		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	128153	Schoenoplectus mucronatus		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	I	Introduced	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southwestern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Schoenoplectus mucronatus was collected before 1900 in New Brunswick and New Jersey; apparently the plants did not persist. It has also been reported from New York and Pennsylvania; I have not seen specimens. Elsewhere, it has become firmly established. It is an important ricefield weed in California (M. K. Bellue 1947), where it was first observed in 1942 and is called "ricefield bulrush." It was first observed in the Midwest in 1971. Schoenoplectus mucronatus is cultivated for wildlife food near the Columbia River in Clark County, Washington, but apparently is not established in that area. Schoenoplectus mucronatus is very similar to S. triangulatus (Roxburgh) Soják of Asia, which differs in its larger spikelets, spikelet scales, and anthers."
4967	2022-03-15 12:54:25		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	128158	Schoenoplectus pungens		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	The taxonomy of this species is confusing; see FNA for explanation. <br><br>FNA3: "Three varieties of Schoenoplectus pungens (under Scirpus americanus) were recognized for North America by T. Koyama (1963), and three more or less equivalent varieties were recognized by S. G. Smith (1995). These varieties are described informally and illustrated here but not formally recognized because their morphologic delimitation should be evaluated and their exact ranges are still uncertain.<br><br>"Schoenoplectus americanus, S. pungens, and S. deltarum belong to the small "Scirpus americanus complex" T. Koyama (1963), in which the species are sometimes difficult to delimit. Schoenoplectus pungens was long known incorrectly as S. americanus Persoon; the type of that name is conspecific with plants formerly treated as S. olneyi A. Gray (A. E. Schuyler 1974). Putative Schoenoplectus pungens × S. americanus hybrids [= S. ×contortus (Eames) S. G. Smith] are locally common. 2n = ca. 86–128."
4968	2022-03-15 13:31:06		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	128179	Schoenoplectus saximontanus		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades in eastern Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "The distribution of Schoenoplectus saximontanus is very scattered (local)."
4969	2022-03-15 12:58:38		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	128192	Schoenoplectus subterminalis		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Schoenoplectus subterminalis often forms lawnlike, underwater mats that are entirely vegetative or have only the inflorescences emergent. This species is probably extirpated from Illinois. Schoenoplectus subterminalis var. terrestris Paine [= S. subterminalis forma terrestris (Paine) Fernald] probably does not deserve taxonomic recognition."
4970	2022-03-15 13:03:34		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	128197	Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Schoenoplectus validus, described from the Caribbean, and S. tabernaemontani, described from Europe, are here treated as one variable, cosmopolitan species without infraspecific taxa, pending further studies (J. Browning et al. 1995b; S. G. Smith 1995). Most North American plants have spikelets with reddish papillae or prickles on the scales, whereas some plants of coastal and boreal North America closely resemble most plants of northwestern Europe and southern Africa in their densely reddish prickly-papillose scales and are similar to the type of Scirpus glaucus J. E. Smith.<br><br>Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, S. acutus, S. heterochaetus, S. lacustris, and S. triqueter belong to the very difficult S. lacustris complex. The entire complex except S. triqueter was treated as the single species Scirpus lacustris (T. Koyama 1962b). Many Old World authors treat Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani as S. lacustris var. tabernaemontani or subsp. glaucus.<br><br>Much of the local infraspecific variation in the Schoenoplectus lacustris complex is probably because of hybridization. Some studies support the recognition of separate species in this group (J. Browning et al. 1995b). Hybrids in North America include S. acutus × S. tabernaemontani, widespread and common, especially in the east; S. acutus × S. heterochaetus = S. ×oblongus (T. Koyama) Soják, widespread but uncommon; S. heterochaetus × S. tabernaemontani = S. ×steinmetzii (Fernald) S. G. Smith, eastern and most uncommon; S. tabernaemontani × S. triqueter = S. ×kuekenthalianus (Junge) Kent, lower Columbia River in Oregon and probably Washington; and S. acutus var. occidentalis × S. californicus, local in California. Except for its trigonous culms, S. triqueter is very similar to the S. lacustris complex and freely hybridizes with S. tabernaemontani, both in North America and Europe."
4971	2020-05-07 10:20:05		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	128214	Schoenoplectus triqueter		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	I	Introduced from Eurasia	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington in the lower Columbia River;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "In North America Schoenoplectus triqueter is known only from the tidal Columbia River system (B. W. Lightcap and A. E. Schuyler 1984), where it forms fertile hybrids with S. tabernaemontani [S. ×kuekenthalianus (Junge) D. H. Kent = Scirpus ×scheuchzeri Brugg]. Fertile hybrids between the same species also occur in Europe."
4972	2018-05-02 22:04:00		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	128231	Scirpus	Amphiscirpus, Bolboschoenus, Isolepis, Schoenoplectus, Trichophorum	genus		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			
4973	2025-05-29 11:43:33		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	128233	Scirpus atrocinctus		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington, where known only from Jefferson and Whatcom Counties;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Scirpus atrocinctus differs from S. pedicellatus by having more intense pigmentation in its inflorescence, both in the scales and the bases of the involucral bracts. Scales of S. atrocinctus are usually distinctly blackened, at least distally, and those of S. pedicellatus show either no black pigment at all or indistinct blackening beside the distal part of the midrib. Brown streaking throughout the scale is usually prominent in both species. The bases of the involucral bracts are almost always solid black in S. atrocinctus and reddish brown, brownish, or merely tinged or bordered with black in S. pedicellatus. The scales of S. pedicellatus also differ from those of S. atrocinctus in usually having a short mucro. All of these characteristics are variable. The two species are usually quite distinct when they grow close together, and they are not known to hybridize with each other (although each species hybridizes with S. cyperinus). It is often difficult to identify isolated herbarium specimens with confidence.<br><br>Scirpus atrocinctus often hybridizes with S. cyperinus and forms hybrid swarms. The type of S. pedicellatus forma viviparus F. G. Bernard appears to be S. atrocinctus × cyperinus."
4974	2023-11-19 09:15:40		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	128240	Scirpus cyperinus		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	I	Introduced from eastern North America	Ocurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	Pacific Northwest populations are recently expanded and many new populations are found on roadsides, all suggesting a recent introduction from eastern North America and not a native species..<br><br>FNA23: "Scirpus cyperinus is extremely variable. A form common in the northern part of its range, south to Iowa, northern Ohio, Maryland, and (in the Appalachians) North Carolina and Tennessee, has bases of the involucral bracts and the involucels blackish, the spikelets sessile or nearly so in glomerules, and the scales relatively short, ovate, and brownish. This form has often been treated as S. cyperinus var. pelius. A more robust southern form, extending north to southern Missouri and Illinois, Kentucky, Virginia, and (along the coast) New Jersey and Massachusetts, has the bases of the involucral bracts and the involucels reddish brown, the spikelets mostly solitary, and the scales relatively long, narrowly elliptic, and reddish brown. This form has often been treated as a distinct species, S. rubricosus (or under the illegitimate name S. eriophorum Michaux). These two morphologies intergrade so extensively that it is not practical to recognize them taxonomically at any rank.<br><br>Scirpus cyperinus often hybridizes with S. atrocinctus and S. pedicellatus, forming hybrid swarms. Some plants appear to have characteristics of all three species; the names Scirpus atrocinctus var. grandis Fernald and S. atrocinctus forma grandis (Fernald) D. S. Carpenter are based on such a specimen."
4975	2020-04-20 16:18:31		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	128261	Scirpus microcarpus		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Populations of Scirpus microcarpus from eastern United States have been treated as a distinct species, S. rubrotinctus Fernald. Populations from the central part of the continent are intermediate for the characters Fernald used to separate S. rubrotinctus. The taxonomy of the group should be reinvestigated. Populations from the Queen Charlotte Islands (British Columbia) have a different chromosome number (2n = 64; R. L. Taylor and G. A. Mulligan 1968) than populations from New York and Pennsylvania (2n = 66; A. E. Schuyler 1967, 1976)."
4976	2023-11-19 15:20:17		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	128269	Scirpus pallidus		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Scirpus pallidus has been confused with S. atrovirens. The awned rather than mucronate scales distinguish S. pallidus from all similar species. The perianth bristles are similar to those of S. atrovirens; the scales of S. pallidus are almost always black, rather than brownish as in S. atrovirens. Inflorescences of S. pallidus consist of relatively few, large glomerules (the largest glomerule in the inflorescence usually has 50 or more spikelets). Some individuals of S. atrovirens may have glomerules with as many as 65 spikelets.<br><br>Scirpus pallidus occasionally hybridizes with S. atrovirens."
4977	2018-05-02 22:04:00		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	128353	Trichophorum		genus		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			
4978	2023-10-24 19:23:18		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	128376	Trichophorum cespitosum		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA23: "Segregates defined on the basis of characters such as the number of flowers per spike and distal leaf sheath morphology have been recognized at varietal or subspecific ranks in North America and Europe. In North America, at least, these characters are variable within populations and appear to have no geographic integrity. North American plants of Trichophorum cespitosum appear to be identical to subsp. cespitosum (cf. R. A. DeFilipps 1980). No cytological differences have been detected between European and North American populations; all counted plants have 2n = 104 or n = 52."
12434	2020-05-17 12:42:27		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125124	Carex aurea		species		Y	N		N	N	N	N		Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
26642	2023-03-29 09:41:45		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	125567	Carex gynocrates		species		Y	N		N	N	N	N		Occurring east of the Cascades crest in north-central Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
26658	2023-09-11 10:30:27		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	127281	Eleocharis nitida		species		Y	N		N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	Recently (2023) collected in Pierce County.
26667	2023-11-07 14:02:27		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126051	Carex parryana		species		Y	N		N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in north-central Washington;	{"Herbarium":"ID"}	
26761	2025-08-31 13:27:37		Vascular Plants: Monocots	Cyperaceae	126672	Cyperus difformis		species		Y	N		N	N	N	I	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, and Australia	Occurring chiefly along the Columbia River in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
