ID	ModifiedOn	Contributors	InformalClassification	Family	TaxonID	TaxonName	SeeAlso	NameRank	Hybrid	TerminalTaxon	Excluded	Peripheral	Waif	Endemic	Extirpated	OriginCode	Origin	Distribution	Voucher	Comments
1973	2008-12-15 09:14:00	Fred Weinmann	Vascular Plants: Dicots	Ceratophyllaceae	65576	Ceratophyllaceae		family		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			FNA3: "Useful in identification of species of Ceratophyllum are leaf-forking characteristics. Leaves with no forking are "0-order"; they consist only of a primary segment. Those forking once are "1st-order"; their ultimate segments are secondary. Those in which at least one secondary segment forks are "2d-order"; their ultimate segments are tertiary. Those in which at least one tertiary segment forks are "3d-order"; their ultimate segments are quaternary. Those in which at least one quaternary segment forks are "4th order.""
1974	2018-05-02 22:04:00		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Ceratophyllaceae	65577	Ceratophyllum		genus		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			
1975	2021-09-27 13:48:03		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Ceratophyllaceae	65579	Ceratophyllum demersum		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA3: "Specimens of Ceratophyllum demersum with short basal spines or tubercles have been misidentified as C . submersum Linnaeus, a species not known in the New World despite reports to the contrary. Ceratophyllum demersum is the most common species of Ceratophyllum in North America and also the least likely to be found with fruit, its reproduction being primarily asexual. Predominantly low leaf order is, therefore, the most reliable means of identifying this species.<br><br>Noted for its prolific growth, Ceratophyllum demersum occasionally has attained status as a serious weed."
1976	2023-10-24 11:24:18		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Ceratophyllaceae	65583	Ceratophyllum echinatum		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA3: "Principally an eastern North American species--and the only species of its genus endemic to North America-- Ceratophyllum echinatum is disjunct in the Pacific Northwest as a result of repeated Pleistocene glaciation. The habitats of C . echinatum are typically more acidic (avg. pH 6.6) than those of C . demersum (avg. pH 7.4). The two species only rarely coexist. Ceratophyllum echinatum also thrives in cooler, clearer, and more oligotrophic water than C . demersum and often is found in more ephemeral sites, such as shrub swamps (e.g., with Cephalanthus occidentalis ) and beaver ponds.<br><br>This species, relatively uncommon, is fast disappearing from much of its range because of habitat alteration or destruction and the introduction of nonindigenous species; steps should be taken to secure its conservation. Unlike Ceratophyllum demersum , C . echinatum does not attain status as a serious weed."
