ID	ModifiedOn	Contributors	InformalClassification	Family	TaxonID	TaxonName	SeeAlso	NameRank	Hybrid	TerminalTaxon	Excluded	Peripheral	Waif	Endemic	Extirpated	OriginCode	Origin	Distribution	Voucher	Comments
1290	2018-05-02 22:04:00		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Betulaceae	55251	Alnus		genus		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			
1291	2021-11-28 13:01:39		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Betulaceae	55260	Alnus incana		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
1292	2021-11-28 13:01:00		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Betulaceae	55273	Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA3: "Alnus incana subsp. tenuifolia is somewhat more treelike than the eastern A . incana subsp. rugosa , from which it also differs in leaf shape, leaf margins, and other characters. It is a frequent component of streamside vegetation throughout the Rocky Mountains and other mountainous parts of western North America.<br><br>Native Americans used alnus incana subsp. tenuifolia medicinally for pains in the lungs or hips, for scrofula, as a laxative, and as a diuretic for gonorrhea (D. E. Moerman 1986)."
1293	2024-01-15 20:31:33		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Betulaceae	55291	Alnus rhombifolia		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA3: "Alnus rhombifolia is the common alder throughout the dry Mediterranean climatic zone of coastal western United States. Mexican populations are not known, but because A . rhombifolia has been collected as far south as San Diego, California, it should be expected in adjacent Baja California.<br><br>Native Americans used various parts of Alnus rhombifolia medicinally for diarrhea, consumption, and burns, as a blood purifier, an emetic, and a wash for babies with skin diseases, and to facilitate childbirth (D. E. Moerman 1986)."
1294	2020-04-30 15:55:46		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Betulaceae	55297	Alnus rubra		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA3: "<i>Alnus rubra</i> is the largest alder in North America north of Mexico; it often forms extensive stands along streams and on low-lying flood plains in the Pacific Northwest. The strongly revolute margins of its leaf blades make it easily distinguished from all of the other alders in the flora. It is an important commercial tree; the wood is used to make inexpensive furniture, small wooden items, and paper pulp.<br><br>Native Americans used various parts of plants of <i>Alnus rubra</i> medicinally as a purgative, an emetic, for aching bones, headaches, coughs, biliousness, stomach problems, scrofula sores, tuberculosis, asthma, and eczema, and as a general panacea (D. E. Moerman 1986)."
1296	2024-02-06 11:52:52		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Betulaceae	216119	Alnus alnobetula ssp. fruticosa		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring rarely west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	Not included in H&C<br><br>FNA3: "This primarily subarctic Asian subspecies has long been mistaken in western North America for Alnus viridis subsp. crispa, which it closely resembles, or for subsp. sinuata (J. J. Furlow 1983b). It can be separated from the former by its larger and more coarsely toothed leaves, and from the latter by its much thicker, mostly single-toothed leaf blades."
1297	2024-02-06 12:13:13		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Betulaceae	55327	Alnus alnobetula		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Widely distributed throughout the mountainous areas on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA3: "Alnus viridis subsp. sinuata is one of the first successional taxa to appear in the northwestern mountains following disruption of the mature vegetation. It often forms dense thickets on avalanche and talus slopes. Sitka alder differs from the two previous subspecies in its paper-thin, light or yellowish green, doubly serrate leaves.<br><br>The Bella Coola used Alnus viridis subsp. sinuata medicinally although D. E. Moerman (1986) did not specify the nature of the remedies."
1298	2018-05-02 22:04:00		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Betulaceae	55335	Betula		genus		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			
1299	2021-12-04 18:35:33		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Betulaceae	55358	Betula glandulosa	Betula pumila	species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA3: "Betula glandulosa is the characteristic dwarf birch of upland habitats throughout much of the mountainous west, occurring as well in dry open areas across the north. Where their ranges meet, B . glandulosa intergrades with both B . pumila Linnaeus and B . nana Linnaeus subsp. exilis (Sukaczev) Hultén, creating a confusing complex of intermediate forms."
1300	2021-12-04 18:41:33		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Betulaceae	55399	Betula occidentalis		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA3: "Betula occidentalis is a common, streamside, shrubby birch throughout much of the Rocky Mountains, extending eastward to northwestern Ontario. It has been widely known by the later name B . fontinalis because of questions concerning the legitimacy of Hooker\'s epithet (J. R. Dugle 1966). Recent changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (W. Greuter et al. 1994) have clarified the situation, however, and the consensus now is that the earlier name is correct. E. Hultén (1968) believed that the species in Alaska that has been called B . occidentalis consists of an extensive hybrid swarm between B . neoalaskana (as B . resinifera ) and B . glandulosa . The studies of J. R. Dugle (1966) do not support a hybrid origin of B . occidentalis in other parts of its range. Additional study will be needed to resolve this problem, both in Alaska and southward."
1301	2023-09-11 09:28:35		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Betulaceae	55409	Betula papyrifera	Betula utahensis	species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA3: "Variants having more or less close, dark brown bark ( B . papyrifera var. commutata ) occur locally throughout the wide range of this species; this characteristic appears to be largely environmentally caused.<br><br>Betula × sandbergii Britton is a fairly common hybrid, occurring where the ranges of the parents ( B . papyrifera Marshall and B . pumila Linnaeus) come into contact. In most vegetative features it is intermediate between the parental conditions (K. E. Clausen 1963; C. O. Rosendahl 1928)."
1302	2021-12-11 14:03:30		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Betulaceae	55415	Betula pendula		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	I	Introduced from Eurasia	Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA3: "The Eurasian weeping birch ( Betula pendula ) is extensively cultivated throughout the temperate range of the flora, and it has been known to persist or to become locally naturalized in several areas, particularly in the Northeast. In vegetative features it resembles B . populifolia Marshall, to which it is closely allied; it can easily be distinguished from the latter by its peeling bark, as well as by its mostly pubescent leaves with somewhat shorter, acuminate apices."
1303	2024-03-28 14:25:14		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Betulaceae	55432	Betula populifolia		species		Y	N	N	Y	N	N	I	Introduced			
1304	2024-03-28 14:23:57		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Betulaceae	55434	Betula pubescens		species		N	N	N	Y	N	N	I	Introduced			
1305	2018-08-15 09:36:00		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Betulaceae	55436	Betula pubescens ssp. pubescens		infraspecies		Y	N	N	Y	N	N	I	Introduced			
1306	2021-12-11 14:10:29		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Betulaceae	55449	Betula pumila		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA3: "Betula pumila is sometimes treated (in part) as a variety of B . glandulosa Michaux, to which it is related at a subgeneric or sectional level. On the basis of morphology, however, it forms a cohesive and distinct entity (J. J. Furlow 1984). The two main varieties into which B . pumila is often divided (a more southern B . pumila var. pumila , with mostly pubescent, glandless leaves, and a more northern B . pumila var. glandulifera , with less pubescent, gland-bearing leaves) may represent geographic races; these are not well marked, however, and they do not hold up well when the complex is examined as a whole."
1307	2021-12-12 20:46:39		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Betulaceae	55466	Betula utahensis		species	named	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA3: "Betula × utahensis Britton (= B . occidentalis Hooker × B . papyrifera Marshall) is a common hybrid marked by intermediate characteristics."
1308	2023-11-16 20:31:28		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Betulaceae	55468	Betulaceae		family		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			
1309	2018-05-02 22:04:00		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Betulaceae	55479	Corylus		genus		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native			
1310	2021-12-12 20:51:14		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Betulaceae	55484	Corylus avellana		species		Y	N	N	N	N	N	I	Introduced from Europe	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA3: "Corylus avellana is widely grown as an ornamental shrub in temperate North America, and it sometimes persists following cultivation, although it seldom becomes established.<br><br>Corylus avellana is similar to C . americana in habit, leaves, and fruit characteristics, although it becomes much larger. If fruits are present, the two species can be distinguished by the involucre, which is shorter than the nut in C . avellana . The best technical character for separating these species in the absence of fruits is the length of the peduncles of the staminate catkins (which are formed during the summer prior to the season of blooming)."
1311	2021-04-09 07:43:54		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Betulaceae	55490	Corylus cornuta		species		N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
1312	2021-04-09 07:35:52		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Betulaceae	55492	Corylus cornuta ssp. californica		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA3: "The California hazel ( Corylus cornuta subsp. californica ) is most often treated as a variey of the northern C . cornuta . The two may not be very closely related, however, differing conspicuously in habit, leaf shape, pubescence, the presence of glandular hairs, form and size of the involucre, habitat, phytogeography, and various other features (J. N. Rose 1895; J. S. Drumke 1965). A thorough taxonomic study of this group should be undertaken."
1313	2021-04-09 07:40:28		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Betulaceae	55497	Corylus cornuta ssp. cornuta		infraspecies		Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	FNA3: "Like Corylus americana Walter, the beaked hazel ( C . cornuta subsp. cornuta ) is a weedy shrub and is sometimes considered a pest in carefully managed northern forests. The fruits are similar to those of C . americana , except that the surrounding bracts are connate into a long, narrow, tubular beak. Vegetative individuals of C . cornuta subsp. cornuta can be distinguished from C . americana by the absence of glandular hairs on the petioles and young twigs."
12440	2020-06-08 09:56:46		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Betulaceae	55257	Alnus glutinosa		species		Y	N		N	N	N	I	Introduced from Europe	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in King County, where escaping from a wetland restoration planting.	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	Recently (2020) collected in King County, where apparently established and escaping from a wetland restoration project.
26686	2024-02-06 12:01:40		Vascular Plants: Dicots	Betulaceae	216098	Alnus alnobetula ssp. sinuata		infraspecies		Y	N		N	N	N	N	Native	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington;	{"Herbarium":"WTU"}	
